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THE OLD SOUTH RECRUITING STATION OF THE 45TH MASSACHUSETTS, AUGUST, l! 




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HISTORY OF THE 

^orty-Fiftti Regiment 




MV^M 












gopthight 1908 
Albert ^NT. Maxx 



ALL KIGHTS KESERVEIJ 






BROOKSLDE PRIXT 

JAMAICA PLAIX, MASS. 

ILLUSTRATIOXS BT PEIXTEn BT 

AMERICAX EXGRAVIXG CO. 'WALLACE SPOOXEH 

BOSTOX, MASS. BOSTOX, 5IASS. 



auti^on^ation of l^iistor^ 



Whereas. Comrade Albert W Mavn. b avinp beef»-select*il and 
appointed by the Executive Committee of the Associatiog of the 45th 
Mass. Regiment as Historian of the Regi ment, by the adoption of this 
preamble said appoinime/it by the Executive Committee is confirmed, 
and It is 

Voted, At this Annual Meeting of the Association, held on June 2^ 
1908, that a book, purposed to be written, collated, printed and issued 
bj^said Albert VV Mann, shall be known and considered by the present 
Association of the 45th Mass. Regiment as the authorized. History of 
the Reg,iment. and that he may nghifully use such words as the (itle of 
his book. 

It, however, being understood that the Association, as a body, or as 
individuals, are not (o be held ifespoosible or liable foi any expense 
incurred through the publication of said book, or to be entitled to share 
in any profits which may accrue therefrom. 



(Xm^ 



^3. /(fo^ 





^^=^-^^vV^^ J^, 




iHajS;sac]^UjScttjS in tl)t Cittl Wax 



HE Militia Regiments of Massachusetts were the 
first to respond to the call of the President ; the first 



j/Cl^jv^ to march through Baltimore to the defense of the 
S'^^-eJf^ Capital ; the first to shed their blood for the main- 
tenance of our government ; the first to open up a new route to 
Washington by way of Annapolis; the first to land on the Soil 
of Virginia, and hold possession of the most important fortress 
in the Union; the first to make the voyage of the Potomac and 
approach the Federal City by water, as they had been the first to 
reach it by land. The Soldiers of Massachusetts did their duty 
and the Nation owes them a debt of gratitude which can never 
be repaid. 

" The dead who are buried in Virginia, the Carolinas, or the 
States of the Mississippi, at Andersonville, Salisbury, at home, or 
wherever they may rest ; the sick, maimed, or wounded, who live 
among us; and those who escaped unharmed from a hundred 
battlefields, — their families, their names, their services, their 
sacrifices, their patriotism — will ever be held in grateful remem- 
brance by a generous and enlightened people. And that ' my 
father fought or fell in the great Civil War to maintain the integ- 
rity of our Union and the honor of our Nation ' will forever be an 
inheritance more precious than land, or riches, and a title of true 
republican nobility." 

William Schouler, 
Adjutant General of the State of Massachusetts 
during the Ci''il W^ar. 




GOVERNOR JOHN A. ANDKKW 



i$imtv of t^e f ortr If iftl^ megtment, ap. B. ^. 



CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Introduction 1 

A Brief Historical Sketch of the Independent Corps of Cadets .... 3 

List of 185 Cadets who served in the Civil War 9 

The services of the Cadets in the early part of the War and at Fort 

Warren in 1862 17 

The Cadet Regiment and its friends in 1862 35 

A Few Facts of interest to members of the Forty-Fifth Eegiment 42 
In Memory of Oliver White Feabody, Lieutenant-Colonel Forty 

Fifth Mass. Volunteers 48 

In Memory of Russell Sturgis, Jr., Major Forty-Fifth Mass. 

Volunteers 51 

The War Status when the Nine Months' Troops were called 55 

Camp Meigs, Readville 60 

From Readville to Morehead City, N. C 70 

Camp Amory on the Trent 77 

General John G. Foster 89 

Colonel T. J C. Amory ' 93 

The Signal Corps 94 

Heroic Deeds of Heroic Men — The Expedition to Goldsboro' 102 

The Official Reports of the March to Kinston and Battle of Kinston, 115 

The Return March from Goldsboro' 142 

Cavalry Operations on the Expedition to Goldsboro' 146 

The Confederate Account of the Goldsboro' Expedition 1-52 

The Personal Experience of a Comrade wounded in the Battle of 

Whitehall, December 16, 1862 158 

A Soldier's Letter 163 

Regimental Colors and the Color Guard 165 

A Sketch of the Life of Theodore Parkman 182 

The Cadet Band 185 

Four Months in Fort Macon — Department of North Carolina 198 

Captain Joseph Murdoch of Company G 204 

The Mud March: The Expedition to Jonesville, PoUocksville 

and Trenton 207 

Provost Duty in New Berne 211 

Chaplain Stone and the Religious Life of the Forty-Fifth Mass. 

Regiment 223 

A Stirring Day: The Attempt of the Confederates to Retake New 

Berne, March 13-14, 1863 235 

5 



vi CONTENTS 

Scouting at Night beyond the Pickets on a Locomotive 245 

Camp Massachusetts -''" 

The Fight at Dover Cross Roads 258 



The Grand Review 
As I Saw It 



262 
265 



The Enlistment of Colored Troops 297 

The Sergeant's Story ^^"^ 

Under Marching Orders ''^'^ 

War: Tlie Romance and the Reality -^'4 

The Medical and Surgical Department and Ambulance Corps 32ti 

Memories of New Berne and the Massachusetts Forty-Fifth 341 

The Rank and File ^-"'8 

Memories of the Civil War and of Camp and Field in the Forty- 
Fifth Massachusetts Regiment •^<54 

Reminiscences and Incidents of Army Life in North Carolina in the 

Eighteenth Army Corps 385 

Arrival Home and Reception of the Forty-Fifth 425 

The Draft Riot in July, 1863, and Services of the Forty-Fifth 432 

After twenty-iive years — Notes of a trip to Newbern 439 

Tribute to the Memory of Hon. Edward W. Kinsley 444 

Meetings and Re-unions of the Regiment since Muster-Out 452 



Roster. 



470 




COL. CHARLES R. COUMAN 
COMMANDING FC'RTY-lllTH REGIMENT MASS. VOL. MILITIA 



" Never, from the commencement of the war, was an 
officer sent from Massachusetts, better fitted for the respon- 
sibihties of his position than our noble Colonel, 

Cljarlfs 1\, Cotiman 

Perfect in his drill, firm in his discipline, yet free from all 
severity; brave in the hour cf danger, yet without rash- 
ness; loved, and yet respected, he was truly a model 
officer. In these later years, it is the pride and boast of 
every member of the Forty-fifth Massachusetts, that he served 
for such a country, in such a cause, from such a State, in 
such a regiment, and under such a Commander." 

— Corporal Charles Eustis Hubbard. 




Jntrotiuctton 

FEW months after the " Muster Out " of the Forty- 
Fifth Regiment, the members of Company A formed 
a permanent organization, known as the "Company 
A Associates of the Forty-Fifth Regiment M.V.M.," 
and Re-unions have been held each year on the anniversary of 
the Expedition to Trenton. 

In this way the old army lies have been strengthened, and 
the varied experiences of our service in North Carolina have 
been kept in fresh remembrance. 

In l^S'2, under the auspices of this Association, a Diary of 
one of the members, Corporal Charles Eustis Hubbard, was pub- 
lished, bearing the title, "The Campaign of the Forty-Fifth," 
which was illustrated with drawings by another member, that 
well-known Boston artist, the late Frank H. Shapleigh, from 
sketches made during his army life. By his permission several 
of these sketches appear in this History. 

This book proved of such great interest to the members and 
friends of the Regiment that the small edition was soon exhausted. 
A few years later at one of the reunions of the "Associates," it 
was decided to request members to furnish papers which should 
give the consecutive history of the Regiment from the formation 
of Company A to our " Muster Out," and these papers were care, 
fully prepared, and were read, one or more at each reunion, for 
several years. Not only did they prove interesting and enter- 
taining to those who heard them, but to-day they possess an 
historical value, as they were read in open meeting and subject to 
the criticism of those who were participants in the scenes and 
events they described, and any inaccuracies of statement would 
have been corrected at once. They were afterwards entered 
upon the Records of the Association. 

During his term of service the writer kept a diary and this 
has been freely drawn upon for dates and facts, in the papers 
which he and others have prepared for this volume. 

1 



2 INTRODUCTION 

With all this valuable nucleus at hand, the conviction im- 
pressed itself upon the mind of the writer that, although the long 
period of over forty years had elapsed since our army service, it 
was not yet too late to publish a " History of the Forty-Fifth." 
We entered upon the work " with fear and trembling,'' realizing 
the responsibility we had assumed, but as the work has pro- 
gressed, the encouragement received from the officers of the 
Regiment and of the Association, and from "the rank and file " 
from far and near, has quickened our zeal in this self-imposed 
task and shown us the mettle and true comradeship of the men of 
the Forty-Fifth. 

We gratefully acknowledge the receipt of valuable papers 
from our gallant Adjutant, Gershom C. Winsor, from the efficient 
Secretary of the Association, Mr. John D. Whitcomb, and many 
incidents and reminiscences from comrades whose names will 
appear annexed to their sketches. Nearly all of the papers 
received from Mr. Whitcomb were written many years ago, when 
the subject of a History of the Regiment was under consideration. 

We earnestly hope that this " History of the Forty-Fifth " 
will meet with the cordial approval of our comrades-in-arms, and 
interest all who peruse its pages. 

Comrades, in the words of our eloquent War Governor, 
John A. Andrew : " We have/rf/c*/ memories of fields of conflict ; 
jzc'^*?/ memories of valor and friendship; /f«^/^r memories of our 
fallen brothers, whose dying eyes looked last upon our country's 
flag; g>and memories of heroic virtue, sublime by grief; tkafik- 
ful memories of a deliverance wrought out for humanity itself ; 
immortal memories, with immortal honors blended." 

Albert W. Mann, 

Historian of the Forty-Fifth Regiment, 
Alassachusetts Volunteer Militia. 

July, 1908. 




B^^^^3t^o!^^ 




l.lKUr.-COL. THOMAS FRANKLIN EDMANDS 



2 l^ricf Bijstoncal ^ftttcl) of tlit InDcpcnDcnt 
Covp0 of CaDctiS 

BY LIEUT. COL. THOMAS V. ED.MAXDS. 



^^T^IMOXG the documents of the olden time, sacredly 

^1 preserved in Boston to the present day, is an ancient 

g^ parchment which is, at once the Charter of the 

J Independent Corps of Cadets, and the Commission 



of its first Commander, Colonel Benjamin Pollard. It bears the 
heading, "Province of Massachusetts Bay," and was given at 
Boston, under the "Hand and Seal-at-Arms " of William Shirley, 
Governor, on "the 16th day of October, in the fifteenth year of 
the reign of His Majesty King George the Second, Anno Domini 
1741 " It contained authority for the enlistment of sixty-four 
young gentlemen, who were to "observe and follow such orders 
and instructions as they should receive through their Commander 
from the Commander-in-Chief." This was the origin of the 
military organization, which, under various modifications of its 
title of "Cadets," now forms a part of the Volunteer Militia of 
the State of Massachusetts under the name of the " First Corps 
of Cadets." Colonel Pollard, although appointed as Captain, 
was ranked in his commission as a Lieut. Colonel, " to roll on 
Duty, in the Field, and in Garrison, or otherwise, with all Lieu- 
tenant Colonels of Horse, or Foot," according to the date of his 
Commission, in imitation, probably, of a similar custom regarding 
the rank of Captains in the household troops of the King of Great 
Britain, and for the reason that the Company as body guard of 
the Ciovernor of the Province, were his household troops. At all 
events, the Company from 1741 until 1774 acted as body guard 
to the Governor of the Province. Its official records during this 
period were unfortunately destroyed by fire, but there are fre- 
quent allusions to its services to be found in contemporaneous 
records, documents and letters. It took part in all important 
parades, and was at one time, during the riotous proceedings 
attending the attempted enforcement of the Stamp Act, called 



4 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, 31. V. M, 

upon against the political sentiments of its members, to protect 
the servants and property of the British Crown, which service it 
performed in such a firm and soldierly manner as to quiet effec^ 
tually a disturbance which threatened severe consequences to the 
whole town of Boston. On another occasion, however, the 
cadets, individually, were found taking part with the citizens* 
against the authorities. In May, 1774, Governor Gage arrived 
in Boston and was received and escorted by the Cadets. He 
presented them a flag, bearing the arms of the Province on one 
side, with his own arms on the other, and apparently endeavored 
to conciliate John Hancock, who then commanded the Company ; 
but the liberal sentiments of this officer seem to have been too 
much for General Gage, and on the fifteenth of the following 
Auo-ust, he caused his Secretary to acquaint Colonel Hancock 
that the Governor had no further service for him ; whereupon the 
Company returned General Gage his standard and informed him 
that they retired from his service. The General retorted by say- 
jno- that had he known sooner of their intention he would have 
disbanded the Corps himself. Troublous times were then in the 
town of Boston and they grew rapidly worse. British troops 
dominated the place and the local militia seems to have been 
deprived of all organization, a fate shared by the Ancient and 
Honorable Artillery Company, the Cadets, and other military 
companies, until after the reorganization of the State Govern- 
ment. 

There was, however, a corps known as the Independent Com- 
pany formed in 1776, immediately after the Evacuation of Boston, 
having officers ranking like those of the Cadet Company, and 
containing many persons who had been members thereof. This 
organization marched twice to Rhode Island, once in 1777, again 
in 1778, and was considered at the time as a combination of the 
old Company. No record or allusion to its subsequent service is 
extant, and if it survived as may have been done, until the peace 
of 1783, it doubtless fell into decay at that time in common with 
all the military institutions of the country. But in 1786, six 
years after the organization of the State Government, the military 
spirit had so far revived, that on the ninth of August, a petition 



INDEPENDENT CORPS OF CADETS 5 

was sent to Governor James Bowdoin, by fifty gentlemen, pray- 
ing that they might be incorporated " into a Military Corps by 
the name of the Independent Cadets," and further praying that 
their officers might have the peculiar rank enjoyed by those of the 
older corps. This petition was granted by the House of Repre- 
sentatives October 17th and concurred in by the Senate on the 
following day. The next day, October 19th, on the Anniversary 
of the Surrender of Cornwallis, the " Independent Company of 
Cadets " (so designated in the Resolve) paraded, and has had an 
active, unbroken existence ever since. The corps in Salem, now 
known in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia as the Second 
Corps of Cadets, was organized the same year. These two 
corps are the only organizations in the State Volunteer Militia 
that have had a continuous existence since the Constitution of 
the United States was ratified, and both are protected by the law 
which Congress enacted in 1792 "for the establishment of an 
uniform militia throughout the United States." 

Following the precedent of 1741, by which the oft^cers of the 
Company in Boston ranked as field officers, those commissioned 
therein in 1786 received similar constructive rank; the Captain 
had the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, while the Lieutenant and 
Ensign each had the rank of Major. The Adjutant, an officer 
added to the original number by the resolve reorganizing the 
Company received a commission ranking therein as Captain. In 
1803 a Surgeon was added. 

The official titles of the Cadets have shown slight variation; 
for instance,—" Independent Company of Cadets," " Indepen- 
dent Corps of Cadets," "Independent Cadets," "Divisionary 
Corps of Independent Cadets," "First Company of Cadets," and 
" First Corps of Cadets." The word " Independent " disappears 
after the close of the Civil War of 1861 to 1865, and the numerical 
designation commences. The present title, last named above, 
was given in 1874 when the constructive rank of the field officers 
was changed to actual rank, and a battalion organization of four 
companies, with a staff" and a proper complement of line officers 
was provided for. The transition from the company to the 
battalion system, was, however, gradual. It first shows in official 



6 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

papers in 1845 when Lieutenant Colonel David Sears, then the 
Commandant, proposed a plan by which the Corps should be 
recruited to six companies with the necessary complement of 
Captains and Lieutenants. Had the plan proposed stopped there, 
it would probably have been successfully carried through; but it 
was hampered by conditions which made distinctions among the 
companies, one of which was to be parent to all, and the scheme as 
a whole fell through. The only part of it that survived was the 
foundation of the "Military Chest," so called, which, in after 
years, furnished a large part of the funds used in the erection of 
the monument in Mount Auburn, raised by the Corps, to the 
memory of its dead who fell in the battles of the Civil War. 

Nine years after the failure of Colonel Sears' plan, that is in 
1854, the Legislature gave the Governor authority to commission 
a Quartermaster and such number of First Lieutenants as he 
might deem from time to time expedient for the proper drill and 
discipline of the company in the school of the battalion. The 
same resolve also gave the Governor authority to determine the 
number of non-commissioned ofificers, privates and musicians 
necessary to the accomplishment of the same end. 

The Quartermaster and six First Lieutenants were accord- 
ingly commissioned the same year, and the Corps was for about 
twelve years thereafter habitually divided into a battalion of six 
companies of infantry. This was, therefore, the organization 
existing in 1861 at the outbreak of the war. The Adjutant 
General's Report for that year gives the total strength as one 
hundred and thirty-seven ofificers and men. 

Up to this time, with the exception of short tours at the 
time of Shay's Rebellion in 1786-1787, and again at the Burns' 
Riot in 1854, the duty performed by the Corps of Cadets had 
been confined to peaceful escorts of distinguished personages, 
annual pilgrimages with the Governor and Legislature to church, 
occasional visits to neighboring places, and camp duty, all of 
which had given pleasure to beholders, and satisfaction to them- 
selves, with the possible exception of an occasional slip upon 
election sermon day when the minister in the church finished his 
sermon before the Corps was ready to re-escort his congregation. 



IJSTDEPENDEXT CORPS CADETS 7 

There were three of these tardinesses. Apologies were ac- 
cepted for two of them, 1812 and 1828, and the end was peace 
and good will, but the third offence in 1832 was not condoned. 
It raised a tine tempest in a teapot, the result of which was that 
Governor Levi Lincoln had Lieutenant Colonel Grenville Temple 
Winthrop courtmartialled. The trial ended in a reprimand to 
that officer, officially and ponderously administered, but at the 
same time the affair bequeathed to the Corps a volume of con- 
siderable historic value, in which Colonel Winthrop published at 
length the proceedings and findings of the Court. 

These peaceful days had their end for a time when the Civil 
War of 1861 burst over the land, calling the militia from parade 
to battle. The State began to raise regiments of raw recruits 
and needed officers to fit them for the field. Those officers were 
found in the ranks of the patriotic organizations of the Massa- 
chusetts Volunteer Militia, which then and there proved their 
value to the State as military schools, and repaid an hundred-fold 
all they had cost it. 

The Cadets probably did no more in proportion to their 
strength than other companies and battalions, yet they furnished 
to the Army of Volunteers, from 1861 to 1865, over one hundred 
and fifty commissioned officers, ranking from a Major-General 
to a Lieutenant. Many of these officers it is true, knew in the 
beginning little of active service, but what little they did know 
of military custom was of inestimable value to the government. 
They learned their new duties rapidly, and as loyal gentlemen 
they gave their services with a zeal, intelligence and courage that 
quickly won honorable distinction for the troops they led. 

Meanwhile, by the wisdom, foresight and perseverance of 
some of its older members who were themselves unfitted for ser- 
vice in the field, the Corps of Cadets was kept alive at home and 
so escaped the fate of extinction which unhappily overtook many 
of the other prominent militia battalions and companies in the 
State, notably the Fourth Battalion (New England Guards), the 
Second Battalion (Boston Light Infantry), and the Battalion of 
Rifles (City Guards), all of whom in friendly rivalry with each 
other and with the Cadets had earned honorable reputation as 



8 THE FOBTY-FIFTH BEGIMEXT, M. V. M. 

soldiers in the years before the War. In these four organizations 
was centred a large part of the active military spirit of Boston- 
Each of them raised and officered a regiment for the field. Of 
the early Massachusetts Regiments (1861) the officers of the 
Second were mainly from the Cadets ; the officers of the Twenty- 
Fourth were mainly from the New England Guards, while the 
officers of the Twentieth were taken about equally from the 
Cadets and the Guards. Rightly enough were the organizations 
of the Volunteer Militia called " Schools for Officers." 

In the summer of 1862 the Corps of Cadets was mustered 
into the services of the United States for about six weeks and 
was stationed at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. The Forty- 
Fifth Regiment, often called the " Cadet Regiment," was raised 
in the following autumn. This book tells the story of that regi- 
ment, and here this brief sketch of the Cadets may properly stop. 

To the traditions of the olden time are now added the 
memories of those terrible years of war which tested the mettle of 
the citizen-soldier and proved his value to his country. 



Li0t of 185 CaDctjs W\)o ^crtct) in tl^e 
Cittl Wat 

Adams, Zabdiel B., Asst. Surg., 7tli Mass. ; Surg. 32d Mass. ; 1st 
Lieut., Capt. and Major 56th Mass. ; Capt. 2nd Cav'y Mass. Vol. ; Capt. 
and Major 5th Cav'y Mass. Vol.; Brevet Major U. S. V. 1865. 

Alline, William H., 44th Mass. 

Amory, Charles W., 2nd Lieut. 4th Mass. Cav'y ; 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut., 
Capt. 2d Mass. Cav'y. 

Andrews, George L., Lieut. Col. 2d Mass.; Col. 2d. Mass. ; Brig. 
Gen'l U. S. V. ; Col. 25th Regulars. 

Appleton, Joha W. M., 2d Lieut., Capt. and Major 54th Mass.; 
Major 1st Batt. Heavy Artillery, Mass.; Brig. Gen'l and Adjt. Gen'l 
West Virginia, 1897; Col. 1st West Virginia in Spanish War 

Atkinson, R. P., drummer 12th Mass. and 56th Mass. 

Ayres, O. H., Fort Warren. 

Bagley, F. H., Fort Warren and Private 45th Mass., K Co. 

Bailey, L. B., Fort Warren. 

Baldwin, A. C, Major of Cadets at Fort Warren. 

Bangs, G. P., 1st Lieut, and Capt. 2d Mass. 

Bennett, C. H., Private Co. A 45th Mass.; Capt. Unattached Co. 

Mass. Vol. 

Blagden, George, 2d and 1st Lieut. 1st Reg. Mass. Cav'y; Capt. and 
Major 2d Reg. Mass. Cav'y; Brevet Col. U. S. V. 

Blagden, E. R., 2d Lieut. Co. I, 45th Mass ; Signal Corps. 

Bond, Henry M., Fort Warren; Ord. Sergt. Co. B, 45th Mass.; 1st 
Lieut, and Adjt. 20th Mass. ; killed at Wilderness. 

Bond, William S., Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. B, 45th Mass. 

Bramhall, William P., Fort Warren. 

Bumstead, N. W., Fort Warren ; Capt Co. D, 45th Mass. 

Burnham, J. A., Fort Warren. 

Cabot, C. F., 1st Lieut, and Capt. 20th Mass. ; killed at Fredericks- 
burg. 

9 



10 THE FOETT-FIFTU REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Candler, W. L , 1st Lieut. 1st Mass, Infantry; Capt. and A. D. C, 
U. S. y. ; Brevet Major, Lieut. Col. and Col. LT. S. V., on General 
Hooker's Staff. 

Carruth, F. W., 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut, and Capt. 1st Mass. Infantry. 

Carruth, W. W., 1st Lieut, and Quartermaster 4th Mass.; 1st Lieut, 
and Capt. 6th Mass. Light Artillery; Acting Adjt. General U. S. V. 

CarsJey, A , Fort Warren. 

Cassldy, A. J., Fort Warren. 

Chessman, W. H., Fort Warren. 

Chandler, C. L., 2d and 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Inf'y ; Capt. 34th Mass. ; 
Lieut. Col. 40th Mass.; Col. 57th Mass.; killed at Anna River, Va 

Chittenden, A. A., Corp'l Co. A, 45th Mass.; 2d Lieut. Co. H, 6th 
Mass. 

Choate, Rufus, 2nd and Ist Lieut, and Capt. 2nd Mass. Inf'y; killed 
at Cedar Mountain. 

Churchill, J. M., 1st Lieut, of Cadets, Fort Warren; Capt. Co. B, 
45th Mass. 

Clark, George A., Fort Warren. 

Codman, Charles R., Capt. and Adjt. of Cadets, Fort Warren; Col 
45th .Mass. 

Coffin, H. P., Fort Warren. 

Crehore, G. C, Fort Warren. 

Cremin, W. H., Fort Warren. 

Curtis, Hall, Asst. Surg. 24th Mass.; Surg, and Major 2d Mass. 
Heavy Artillery. 

Curtis, Pelham, 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 1st Mass. Cav'y; Major 
and Judge Advocate General. 

Cutter, C. H., Fort Warren. 

Daland, Edward F., Fort Warren; Capt. Co. F, 45th Mass. 

Davis, Walter Scott, 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 22d Mass. ; Brevet 
Major and Lieut. Col. on the Staff. 

Dehon, Arthur, 2d and 1st Lieut. 12th Mass.; killed at Fredericks- 
burg, Va , Dec 13, 1862. 

Dennett, Thomas Simmes, Fort Warren; Capt. and A. Q. M., 3d Div. 
19th Army Corps. 

Dennett, William Henry, Fort Warren. 



CADETS IN THE CIVIL WAB 11 

Denny, George Parkman, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut, and Capt. 45th 
Mass., Co. A. 

Dewson, Francis Alexander, 1st Lieut, and Quartermaster, 45th 
Mass. 

Dexter, Thomas C Amory, 1st. Lieut, on Gen'l Butler's Staff. 

Dexter, Frederic, Fort Warren ; Sergt. Co. B, 45th Mass. 

Draper, George, Fort Warren. 

Dupee, William R., Fort Warren. 

Eaton, Edward G., Fort Warren. 

Edmauds, Thomas F., 2d and 1st Lieut, and Adjt., Capt., Major and 
Lieut. Col. 24th Mass.; Brevet Col. U. S. V. 

Ellis, James Marsh, Fort Warren; 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 2d 
Mass. Inf y ; Capt. and Commissary of Subsistence on General Banks' 
Staff. 

Ellis, S. Clarence, 1st Lieut. Co. F, 45th Mass.; Capt. 2d Mass. 
Heavy Artillery. 

Emmons, Robert Wales, Fort Warren. 

Emmons, Nathaniel Henry, Jr., Fort Warren. 

Emmons, J. Frank, Fort Warren; 2d Lieut. Co. E, 45th Mass.; 
Acting Quartermaster. 

Eustis, William Tracey, Fort Warren. 

Everett, Manitou, Fort Warren. 

Fisher, George J., 1st Lieut. Cadets, Fort Warren. 

Fisk, George A., Jr., Private and Q.M. Sergt. 41st Mass.; 2d and 1st 
Lieut. 3d Mass. Cav'y ; Capt. and A. Adjt. Gen'l IJ. S. V. 

Fuller, Charles Emerson, Capt. and A. Q. M., U. S. V., Aug. 3, 1861, 
on Gen'l Rufus Saxton's Staff ; Lieut. Col. and Chief Quartermaster of 
10th Army Corps; Asst. Q. M. on Gen'l Sherman's Staff. 

Fovfle, William, Fort Warren. 

Gardner, Harrison, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. C, 45th Mass. 

Gilchrist, James, Corp'l, Co. B, 45th Mass. 

Goodwin, Richard C, Capt. 2d Mass. ; killed at Cedar Mountain. 

Goodwin, Ozias, Jr., Fort Warren ; 2d Lieut. 2d Mass. Inf y. 

Gore, Henry W., Fort Warren. 



12 THE FOBTY-FIFTH BEGIMEXT, M. V. 37. 

Gordon, George Henry, Col. 2d Mass:; Brig. Gen'l U. S. Y ; Brevet 
Major Gen'l. 

Griswold, Charles E, Major, Lieut. Col. and Col. 22d Mass.; Col. 
56th Mass. ; Brevet Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. ; killed at Wilderness. 

Guild, George K., Fort Warren. 

Hall, Rowland Minton, 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 3d N. Y. Cav y. 

Hardy, Alpheus H., Fort Warren ; 1st Lieut. Co. E, 4.?th Mass. 

Hardy, Charles F., 1st Sergt. Co. E, 45th Mass. 

Harris, Clarendon, Fort Warren. 

Haven, Franklin, Jr., Capt. and A. D. C, U.S. V.; Lieut. Col. 
2d California Cav'y. 

Hawes, Marcus Martin, 1st Lieut, and Q.M. 2d Mass. Inf'y; Capt. 
and Asst. Q. M., U. S. V. 

Haynes, Henry W., Fort Warren. 

Head, George E., Jr., Lieut. Col. 14th Reg. Inf'y. 

Herman, C. Henry, Fort Warren. 

Hickling, Charles E.. Private in Co. B, 45th Mass. 

Hodges, George F., 1st Lieut, and Adjutant 18th Mass.; killed at 
Hollis Hill. Va. 

Hollis, Abijah, 2d Lieut Co. B., 45th Mass.; Capt. 56th Mass.; 
Brevt. Major U. S. Y. 

Hollingsworth, Amos L., Fort Warren. 

Holmes, C. C, Lieut. Col. and Commander of Cadets, at Fort Warren. 

Homans, George Henry, Fort Warren; Capt. Co. K, 45th Mass. 

Horton, Charles, 2d and 1st Lieut. 2d Mass. Inf'y: Capt. and A. A. 
Gen'l U. S. Y. ; A. D. C, U.SY.; Brevet Major and Lieut. Col. 

Honon, William L., 2d and 1st Lieut. 24th Mass. 

Howe, William G , 1st. Lieut, and Capt. 30th Mass. ; Capt. and Pro- 
vost Marshal 4th Dist. Mass. 

Inches, Charles Edward, Fort Warren ; Asst. Surg. 20th Mass. ; Asst. 
Surg. 37th Mass. 

Ingalls, William, Surg. 5th Mass. Inf'y; Surg. 59th Mass. 

Jacobs, Asa, Jr., Fort Warren. 

Jefferies, John Jr., Major of Cadets at Fort Warren. 



CADETS IN THE CIVIL WAR 13 

Jefferies, B. Joy, Fort Warren. 

Keith, James M., Fort Warren. 

Kendall, Edward D., Fort Warren. 

Kent, John, Fort Warren, Capt. 5th Mass. Inf y. 

King, John, Fort Warren. 

Kiunicutt, Frank C, Fort Warren; Sergt. and 2d Lieut. 34th Mass. 

Kuhn, W. P., Fort Warren. 

Lawrence, William F., Fort Warren. 

Leighton, Henry P., Fort Warren. 

Lincoln, William H., Fort Warren. 

Livermore, John M., Fort Warren. 

Lothrop, Samuel K., Chaplain at Fort Warren. 

Lunt, William P., Fort Warren. 

May, Edward, Paymaster Regular Navy. 

Mayuadier, James E., Fort Warren; Sergt. Co. K, 45th Mass. 

Merritt, Eobert L., Fort Warren. 

Merriam, Waldo, 1st Lieut., Major and Lieut. Col. 16th Mass. ; killed 
at Spottsylvania. 

Meyer, Joseph, Fort Warren. 

Minot, Edward J., Fort Warren; Capt. Co. C, 45th Mass. 

Murdock, Joseph, Fort Warren ; Capt. Co. G, 45th Mass. ; A. D. C, 
to Brig. Gen'l Amory. 

Nickerson, Thomas W , Fort Warren. 

Oliver, Samuel C, Brevet Col. U.S.V. 

Otis, Theodore C, Sergt. 24th Mass. ; 2d Lieut. 41st Mass. ; 1st Lieut. 
3d Mass. Cav'y- 

Page, Calvin C, 1st Lieut, and Asst. Surg. U. S. V. ; Major and Surg. 
39th Mass. 

Paine, William R., Foit Warren. 

Palfrey, Frank, Lieut. Col. 20th Mass.; Col. 20th Mass.; Brevet 
Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. ; Lieut. Col. Commanding.Cadets, 1870. 

Peabody, Oliver W., Capt. Co.H, 45th Mass.; Lieut. Col. 45th Mass. 
Pierce, Henry L., Fort Warren. 



14 THE FOBTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Pond, Albert C, 1st Sergt. Co. C, 44th Mass. 

Pond, George E., Fort Warreu ; 2d and 1st Lieut. Co. A, 45th Mass. 

Post, Albert K., 1st Sergt. Co. H, 45th Mass. ; 2d Lieut. Co. H, 45th 
Mass. 

Pratt, Lowell, Fort Warren. 

Quincy, Samuel M., Capt., Major and Col. 2d Mass. Inf'y; Col. 
U. S. C. Troops, and Governor of the City of New Orleans, La. ; Brevet 
Brig. Gen'l. 

Quincy, George H., Fort Warren; Supt. of Recruiting for City of 
Boston. 

Raymond, Curtis, Quartermaster of Cadets at Fort Warren. 

Rich, Charles Otis, 1st Lieut, of Cadets at Fort Warren ; Capt. Co. I, 
45th Mass. 

Richardson, Edward Bangs, Fort Warren; Sergt. and 2d Lieut. 
Co. A, 45th Mass. ; served on Signal Corps. 

Richardson, Horace, Fort Warren. A copy of his "The Cadets at 
Fort Warren," was one of the papers put in the copper box placed in 
the cornerstone of the Cadet Armory. 

Schlesinger, Sebastian B., Fort Warren. 

t>ears, Cyms Alger, 2d Lieut. Co. D, 45th Mass. 

Seaver, Charles Milton, Sergt. at Fort Warren. 

Shelton, Stephen A., Fort Warren. 

Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet, Jr., Capt. 12th Mass. ; killed at 
Cedar Mountain, Va. 

Shurtleff, Hiram Smith, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut, and Adjt. and 
Capt. 56th Mass. 

Sledman, Daniel Baxter, Fort Warren. 

Stevens, Charles Woodbury, Fort Warren. 

Sturgis, Russell, Jr., Lieut, of Cadets at Fort Warren; Capt Co. A, 
and Major 45th Mass. 

Tappan, Lewis W., Jr., Fort Warren; 1st Lieut, and Capt. Co. H, 
45th Mass. 

Thacher, William S., Fort Warren. 

Thaxter, Samuel, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. D, 45th Mass. 

Thayer, Edward Flint, Fort Warren. 



CADETS IN THE CIVIL WAR 15 

Thayer, Theodore Austin, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. G, 45th Mass. 

Thompson, George W., Fort Warren. 

Thompson, J. Dixwell, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. I, 45th Mass. 

9^ ,'^'";^"«^'/^^"-'^°^i° Holt, Fort Warren; 2d Lieut. Co.G, 45th Mass • 
2d Lieut, and Capt. 2d Mass. Heavy Art'y. ' 

Tilton, William Stowell, 1st Lieut., Major Lieut Col .n^ n , 
22d Mass. ; Brevet Bri, Gen'l U. S. V. Badl^ w'ounXta^Gaire ^ iU. 
and taken prisoner. Commander at Soldier's Home, Togus, Me 

Treat, Joseph B., Fort Warren. 

Tuesley, Simon B., Fort Warren. 

Underwood, James P., Fort Warren. 

Col 3."dT''''/'" "".' '''^^' '' ''^"" ^'^^'y' ^^^i-' Lieut. Col. and 
Col. 33d Mass.; Brevet Br g. and Maior Gen'l TT t: v tj n 

at Lookout Mountain, above the clouds. ""'"'^ """"'^^ 

Valentine. Henry C, Fort Warren. 

Walcott, Charles F., Capt. 21st Mass.; Capt. 12th Unattached Co 
Mass.; Lieut. Col. and Col. 61st Mass.; Brevet Brig. Gen'l US V 

Walker, Charles Hayward, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. K, 45th Mass. 
Walker, James R., Orderly Sergt. Co. K, 45th Mass. 
Wales, Thomas Beals, Jr., Fort Warren; Capt. Co. E., 45th Mass 
^^^Walley, Honshaw Bates, Fort Warren; Additional Paymaster in 

Waters, Edwin Forbes, Fort Warren. 

Webster, Fletcher, Ool. 12th .Ma.s.; killed at 2d Bull Ruo. 
44.hTl''as''s'. ''"'""■'' °"'"°''' ■^o" '^"'■''"' ■« "«"• »"<! Cap.. C„. E, 

Weld, Franklin, Fort Warren. 

Weld, George Walker, Fort Warren. 

Weld Stephen M., Jr., 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 18th Mass • 
Lieu . Ool. and Col. 56th Mass.; Brevet Brig. Gen'l U. S Y • A DC to 
Gen'ls Wright. Fitz John Porter, Benham. Reynolds and Newtt 
^^ Wellman, Willard Lee, Fort Warren; Orderly Sergt. Co. D, 45th 



16 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Whitney, Charles J., Fort Warren. 

Whitney, Joseph S., Fort Warren. 

Whitney, Joel Parker, Fort Warren ; Capt. Co. C, 2d Mass. Inf y. 

Whitney, Henry, Fort Warren. 

White, John G., Fort Warren. 

White, William Greenough, 1st Lieut. 12th Mass; killed at 
Antietam. 

Wheelock, Henry Gassett, Sergt. Major 45th Mass. 

Wild, Edward Augustus, Capt. 1st Mass. Infy; Major and Lieut. 
Col. 35th Mass.; Brig. Gen'l U.S. Colored V. Lost an arm at Antietam. 

Willard, Sidney, Major 35th Mass. ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va. 

Williams, William Blackstone, Capt. 2d Mass. Infy; killed at Cedar 
Mountain, Va. 

Williams, J. Otis, 1st Lieut, and Capt. 12th Mass. 

Wilson, Charles Webster, Acting Master's Mate; Acting Vol. Lieut, 
in Navy. 

Willson, Signey, Capt. 2d Mass. Infy ; killed at Cedar Mountain, Va. 

Winchester, Thomas B , Sergt. at Fort Warren. 

Winship, Frederick W., Fort Warren. 

Winsor, Alfred, Jr., Fort Warren ; 2d and 1st. Lieut. Co. H, 45th Mass. 

Winsor, Gershom Crayton, Sergt. at Fort Warren; 1st Lieut , and 
Adjt. 45th Mass. 

Wyman, Powell T., Col. 16th Mass. ; mortally wounded at Battle of 
Glendale, Va. 

Young, Carlos L., Fort Warren. 




€l)c ^crtifcc^ of ti^t CatJctjcJ in tf^t €atlv part 
of tl^c Wav anD at fort Wavun in 1862 

BY LIEUT. GERSHOM C. WINSOR, ADJUTANT OF THE 45tH. 

HEN I joined the Independent Corps of Cadets in 
1860, I had very fixed ideas of what a recruit should 
be taught, and how he should be clothed. Much to 
my surprise the only instruction was a few changes 
with a musket and marching about a hall until he could keep 
step. 

If the new recruit could turn out on the street and carry his 
musket and march so as not to draw unfavorable comment from 
the sidewalk committee he was "attend drill or not man," as 
were the older members. When escorting the Governor we wore 
a gray uniform with black felt chapeau with a big red plume, 
which was very comfortable to the head except when the wind 
blew. In a rain storm it delivered the water well to the front and 
rear, so the rear rank was no better off than the front rank, from 
the drip. For parades of less moment, we wore a stiff leather 
shako with a red pompon and a white and red rosette in front 
that was the best bull's eye I ever saw, for it had a glint in the 
sun that could be seen for a mile. In the service this hat might 
have been of some use, for instance, on such a night as we had 
in the cornfields at Young's Cross Roads, where the downpour 
from noon to noon was such as we never witnessed in New 
England, by using it to bail the water from your side of a ridge 
to that of your comrade's side. You may have the idea that I 
have said this in derision. Not at all. I simply wish to impress 
on the mind of the reader that this Corps was fitted for, and its 
chief existence and dominating idea was, to escort somebody, 
dead or alive, and this extended over a period of one hundred and 
thirty years. The first check came when B. F. Butler was elected 
Governor of this State and ordered out two companies of the 
9th Regiment to escort him to the State House from the Revere 
House. The next check was when the highly trained and prac- 



17 



18 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

tical military mind of Thomas F. Edmands came to its command. 
He called me to become his Adjutant, but as I could not then 
well give the time, I declined. Escorting became a side show 
ever after, for now there is no Corps in the State that devotes so 
much time to matters pertaining to service in the field. 

During the Presidential Campaign that resulted in the elec- 
tion of Abraham Lincoln, there was a great demand among the 
Wide Awake Clubs for men of some military knowledge, which 
led the active members of the Corps to confer on a uniform sys- 
tem of tactics, with bits of wood as the Company unit. After the 
election the study was kept up under Charley Griswold, and the 
times were such that it led to a good deal of talk about increas- 
ing the Corps to a Regiment, should war ensue, but this did not 
seem practical owing to its peculiar formation and history, so the 
talk changed to raising a regiment and ofificering it from the 
Corps. Meanwhile the studies were kept up. 

The Civil War had been going on for a year when the Cadets 
were ordered into the United States Service. But during that 
year there were few weeks when no duty was required of them by 
the State, either as a Corps, or by details, so they were being 
gradually changed from men who slept in their own beds and did 
a few day's military duty at convenient hours during the year, to 
men who were glad to get their sleep when and where they could, 
and to render the exacting duties with resigned cheerfulness. 

All had their professions or mercantile business to keep from 
loss, and so there were many exchanges of individual duty, but 
no shirking or leaving the Corps. Public affairs throughout the 
country were indeed serious, so it was no time to flinch, even if 
one's private interests suffered. The opportunity was given each 
member to retire from duty at the time the following order was 
issued, before War was declared. 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 
Headquarters, Boston, January 16, 1861. ■ 
General Orders No. 4. 

Events which have recently occurred and are now in progress, 
require that Massachusetts should be at all times ready to furnish her 
quota of troops, upon any requisition of the Prefiideut of the United 



THE C ABETS AT FORT WARREN 19 

States to aid in tlie maintenance of the Laws and the peace of the 
Union, His Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief, therefore orders: 

That the Commanding Officer of each Company of Volunteer 
Militia examine with care the Roll of his Company, and cause the name 
of each member, together with his rank and place of residence to be 
properly recorded, and a copy of the same to be forwarded to the office 
of the Adjutant General. Previous to which Commanders of Companies 
shall make strict inquiry whether the men in their commands, who 
from age, physical defect, business, or family cause, may be unab'e, or 
indisposed to respond at once to the orders of the Commander-in-Chief 
made in response to the call of the President of the United States, that 
they may be forthwith discharged, so that their places may be filled by 
men ready for any public exigency which may arise, whenever called 
upon. 

After the above orders have been fulfilled, no discharge, either of 
officer or private shall be granted, unless for cause satisfactory to the 
Commander-in-Chief. If any companies have not the number of men 
allowed by law, the Commanders of the same shall make proper exer- 
tions to have the vacancies filled, and the men properly drilled and 
uniformed, and their names and places of residence forwarded to Head- 
quarters. 

To promote the objects embraced in this Order, the General Field 
and Staff Officers, and the Adjutant and Acting Quartermaster General 
will give all the aid aud assistance in tlieir power. 

Major-Generals Sutton, Morse and Andrews will cause this Order 
to be promulgated throughout their respective Divisions. 

By command of His Excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor and 
Commander-in-Chief. 

(Signed) William Schouler, 

Adjutant General. 

At the meeting of the Corps in compliance with the above 
Order, in its Armory, then on the third and fourth floors of 
No. 98 Tremont Street, each member was requested to rise and 
answer " Yes," or " No," when his name was called. All anwered 
" Yes," with one exception. There were quite a number of old 
members, unfitted physically to perform the increased duties. 
They were still retained, but simply not ordered on duty, as they 
were ever ready to render assistance to the Corps in many ways. 
Then each month our numbers were reduced by our most active 
and best members accepting commissions in regiments forming 
in the State, for service at the front, and as we were taking in 



20 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

some new members, it was policy to retain the old members that 
the balance of power in voting might be maintained, which was 
wise as we shall note later on. For the benetit of the present 
members of the Corps, I will give in detail a tour or two of duty. 

While the three month's men were being sent to the front, 
the Corps was on duty at the State House, with a regular guard 
established in and outside the building. Sacks tilled with straw 
were put down at night in Doric Hall, and in the basement for the 
guard detail ; each member was furnished with a blanket. In 
another part of the basement the Quartermaster had his caterer 
located behind pine tables where he was ever ready with his hot 
coffee, cold meats and bread. We had to furnish guards for all 
the supplies and material of the departing troops, and not only 
guard it to points of departure, but remain on duty until it was 
all loaded. 

On the departure of the Fifth Regiment we had a particularly 
busy day and evening, so that there were but few Cadets not 
sound asleep before " taps " sounded. Soon after midnight, 
Lieut. Quincy (the late General Samuel M. Quincy) was rapping 
on the feet of his Second Company, and quietly ordering them 
below for coffee, as we were to go out on duty. " Forming Com- 
pany " near the rear entrance, we marched out on Mount Vernon 
Street where stood a large double wagon loaded with ammunition. 
The driver had been brought up in the hay and grain business, 
— if the lettering on the side of the wagon was his apograph — 
and as it was down hill on Park Street, he was disposed to trot 
his horses, until threatened by Lieut. Quincy with arrest and his 
place supplied by one of his men. 

A halt was made near the freight office of the Boston and 
Albany Railroad for orders. After a long wait we proceeded to 
the foot of Oak Street, and after the wagon was unloaded re- 
mained on duty in the freight-house until a train was loaded with 
the guns (Nims' Battery), cannon balls, ammunition and material 
that had been there collected for the regiments of infantry and 
the battery. When the train passed out we re-formed for a silent 
march to the State House. The night was dark and very damp, 
with a thick fog low down to the pavement, so that drops of 



THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 21 

water were continually dripping from the visors of our caps. 
As we neared Washington Street, near Bedford, we heard a band 
strike up directly ahead on West Street ; we formed line across 
Washington Street, facing south, so as to " present " as they 
passed from West to Washington. On they came, just at early 
dawn, with the Brigade Band, led by Burditt, playing " The Girl 
I Left Behind Me." It was the Fifth Regiment on its way from 
Fanueil Hall to the train. To our "present " Colonel Lawrence 
saluted with his hand. The men were too tired and wet to notice 
our presence, except as the rear wheeled, one of them turned, 
braced his feet on the pavement and seemed to wonder how any 
of his regiment could possibly, all of a sudden, get in his rear, 
then as he comprehended, he spoke — " A rr, if you stand there 
long enough and think it over you will come too ! " 

Later on, twelve men were notified to appear at the Armory for 
guard duty. Ammunition was served out and we marched under 
Sergeant B. Joy Jefferies across the Common to Braman's Boat 
House, foot of Chestnut Street, and there found a "Whitehall " 
boat ready, stored with tent, blankets, straw sacks, and a hamper 
of food, in charge of Quartermaster Raymond. One member re- 
marked, " This looks as if we were to rehearse * Washington 
crossing the Delaware,' but truly. Quartermaster, we don't see 
the /ce." The day was hot, and to be without ice was not to be 
thought of, if we could possibly get it, so the Quartermaster 
promised to send it to us by team. We took our turns at the 
oars, pulling up the Charles River, and soon after passing the 
bridges made a landing at the Powder House Wharf on the left 
bank where we set up our camp outside the high brick wall that 
surrounds the Powder House. 

The new guard arrived each morning by boat, at about 9.30, 
the old guard returning to town, so that a tour of duty con- 
sumed a day and a half. A guard was also established at the 
State Arsenal in Cambridge, and both were maintained until all 
the material stored had been issued. Escort duty was ordered 
liberally by the State to all troops passing through the city, as 
well as to its own regiments leaving for the front, and to attend 
the funerals of both officers and men whose bodies were returned 
from the battlefields. 



22 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

When the order came for the Corps to proceed to Fort 
Warren, it was in fine condition for the duty required, as it was 
now very proficient in guard duty. The uniforms were rather 
the worse for the hard service, and the color was altogether the 
worst that could be for the times. Patriotism is an exacting 
master in times of war, so it was evident that the gray, the uni- 
form color of the Confederate Army, must be replaced by the blue 
of our own army. At Fort Warren the State had a battalion of 
six companies under Major Francis J. Parker, mustered there in 
November, 1861. This was at once designated the Thirty-Second 
Regiment Infantry and ordered to leave on Monday, May 26, 
1862. Four companies additional were used and joined it from 
time to time. This order took from Fort Warren's garrison six 
hundred men. There were about eight hundred prisoners of war 
held there, including, from time to time such leading spirits as 
Confederate Ambassadors Mason and Slidell, Generals Tighle- 
man and Buckner, Commodore Barron, Colonel Pegram, Major 
Brown and Chief of Police Kane of Baltimore. To replace this 
garrison the First Corps of Cadets (116 men), and the Second 
Corps of Cadets of Salem (180 men), were ordered to proceed to 
Fort Warren. It appears that the fear of disaster to our forces 
at the front was so great at Washington, that the President had 
called on Governor Andrew to muster the militia of the State for 
active service forthwith, so there was a call sent over the State 
on May 26, and within twenty-four hours four thousand men had 
reported to General Andrews, Division Commander, on Boston 
Common. By noon the order was rescinded and only the Inde- 
pendent Corps of Cadets retained. 



COMMONWEALTU OF MASSACHUSETTS, 

Headquarteks, Bostox, May 26, 1862. 

Special Order, No. 86. 

General Andrews commanding First Division M. V. M. will cause 
the Corps of Cadets of said Division, and the Fourth Battalion of In- 
fantry, of First Brigade, to report at these headquarters at twelve o'clock 
M. this day for Garrihon Duty at Fort Warren. 



THE CADETS AT FORT WABREN 23 

So much of General Order of this date as directs these troops to 
report on Boston Common today is hereby countermanded. 

By command of His Excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor and 
Commander-in-Chief. 

(Signed) William Schouler, 

Adjutant General. 

In compliance with the above order, the following members 
appeared at the Armory and were sworn into the United States 
Service by John M. Goodhue, Captain, U. S. A., and Chief Mus- 
tering Officer for Massachusetts, to serve " for the term as under 
Acts of Congress, approved July 29, 1861, unless sooner dis- 
charged." 

Lieut. Colonel, C. C. Holmes, Commanding. 

Majors, A. C. Baldwin, John Jeffries, Jr. 

Captain, Charles R. Codman, Adjutant. 

First Lieutenants, Curtis B. Eaymond, Quartermaster; Joseph M. 
Churchill, Commanding Company; Russell Sturgis, Jr., Commanding 
Company; Charles O. Rich, Commanding Company; William R. Paine, 
Commanding Company; George J. Fisher, Commanding Company. 

Sergeants, William F. Fowle, Quartermaster-Sergeant; Joseph 
Murdock, Sergeant-Major ; Charles M. Seaver, Thomas B. Winchester, 
Edward F. Thayer, Benjamin F. Jeffries, John T. Clark, William F. 
Lawrence, J.Dixwell Thompson, Gershora C. Winsor, Albert W. Adams, 
Andrew S. Webster. 

Corporals, Horace Richardson, Henry W. Haynes, William P. Lunt 
William H. Dennet, John Gardner White, Ozias Goodvyin, Jr., George 
H. Homans, Lewis B. Bailey, Nathaniel W. Bunistead, Samuel Thaxter, 
Otis E. Weld, Lewis W. Tappan, Jr., George W. Thompson. 

Privates, J. M. W. Appieton, Orlando H. Ayres, Frank H. Bagley, 
Henry M. Bond, William S. Bond, William T. Bramhall, Henry T. 
Bryant, John A. Burnham, Jr., Albion Carsley, William H. Chessman, 
George A. Clark, Henry P. Coffin, William H. Cremin, Charles H. 
Cutler, Edward F. Daland, George P. Denny, Thomas S. Dennett, Fred- 
erick Dexter, George Draper, William R. Dupee, Edward G. Eaton, 
James H. Ellison, John F. Emmons, Nathaniel H. Emmons, Robert W. 
Emmons, Maniton Everett, William T. Eustis, Harrison Gardner, Henry 
W. Gore, Geor<-e K. Guild, Alpheus H. Hardy, Clarendon Harris, Cor- 
nelius H. Herman, Amor L. Hollingsworth, Charles E. Inches, Asa 
Jacobs, Jr., Edward D. Kendall, James M. Keith, Frank C. Kiunicutt, 
William P. Kuhn, Henry R. Leighton, William H. Lincoln, John m! 
Livermore, James E. Maynadier, Robert L. Merritt, Joseph Meyer, 



24 THE FORTY-FIFIII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Edward J. Minot, Thomas W. Nickerson, Henry L. Pierce, George E. 
Pond, Isaac L. Ptatt, George H. Quincy, E. B. Richardson, Sebastian B. 
Schlesinger, Stephen A. Shelton, William S. Shurtleff, Daniel B. Sted- 
man, Jr., Charles W. Stevens, Theodore A. Thayer, William S. Thacher, 
Simon B. Tuesley, James P. Underwood, Henry C. Valentine, Charles 
H. Walker, Heushaw B. Walley, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Edwin F. 
Waters, Franklin Weld, George W. Weld, Richard H. Weld, Willard L. 
Wellman, Charles J. Whitney, Henry Whitiu, J. Parker Whitney, 
Joseph S. Whitney, Alfred Winsor, Jr., Frederick W. Winship, Carlos 
L. Young. 

Drummers, Joseph B. Treat, Andrew J. Cassidy, Richard P. 
Atkinson. 

So much of above order as relates to Fourth Battalion of 
Infantry was countermanded. 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

Headquarters, Bostox, May 26, 1862 
Special Order, No. 94. 

The Companies of Cadets of the First and Second Divisions of the 
M. V. M. are ordered to report forthwith for active service to Colonel 
Dominick, U. S. A., Commanding at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. 

Quartermaster General Reid will furnish the necessary transpor- 
tation. 

By Command of His Excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor and 
Commander-in-Chief. 

(Signed) William Sciioulek, 

Adjutant General 

When this last order came to the Armory by General Reid, 
Quartermaster General, we at once formed and then marched out 
to the tapping of our three drummers, for a quiet march to the 
steamer. But State Street was crowded and feverish, gold was 
rising in value every hour, all mercantile operations were doubt- 
ful, the present was, and the future looked more than gloomy. 
The conclusion was forced that day of only one resource of safety 
for all interests, and that was the military. So when the Cadets 
appeared marching down the street in this quiet way to active ser- 
vice, the applause, cheers and shouts had an earnest that was 
beyond any greeting the Corps had ever experienced. All knew 
that the Corps had given liberally of its members for officers in 



THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 



25 



the regiments that had gone to the War, and now to see the 
Corps come forth with full ranks, and be the first to march on 
this call of emergency, seemed to overwhelm them. The War 
Record of the Corps was now fully established and will be freely 
acknowledged for all time. 

On our arrival inside the Fort we were promptly assigned to 
quarters in the casemates on the east front. The outlook from the 
embrasure was down the ship channel with the outer lighthouse 
on the left and Point Atherton on the right. The casemates 
were very comfortable quarters, with one exception— the rats. 
Our presence seemed very acceptable to them, for they were not 
the least afraid, and established an ownership, individually, or 
collectively, on everything we possessed. Their chief detailed 
only his "Old Guard," evidently, to look after us with our 
"Extras," for none were on duty except those having grown a 
tail the thickness of a man's little finger. They were perfect 
reapers and mowers, that is, they did their own work and always 
wanted more. 

After we had been in the Fort a few weeks, an undersized 
Cadet of the Fourth Mess., aged nineteen, who was given to 
p^attluig on his father's side, procured a pass for an outing in the 
city. He returned promptly on the afternoon boat, making an 
unusually neat appearance, with his black hair kept in place by 
a liberal supply of barber's oil. He was bantered a good deal 
and congratulated that he did not overdo everything during the 
day in the same way, for then he certainly would have returned 
drunk. As it was, he declared himself " very tired " and was 
sound asleep in his bunk long before " Taps," to dream that 
mosquitoes had come. Nothing disturbed him, except the mos. 
quitoes of his dream, until the drum beat at five o'clock the next 
morning. Then he was more than surprised to behold as he slid 
from his bunk not less than a handful of his hair remaining on 
his improvised pillow. The rats had mowed the top of his head 
while he dreamed of the mosquitoes. He has always declared 
that from that moment he was doomed to baldness, for within a 
short time the top of his head was as smooth as an apple and has 
remained so ever since. 



26 TUE FORTY-FIFTH EEGUIENT, M. V. M. 

Our officers were quartered with the other officers of the 
garrison on the west front, to the left as you enter the Sallyport. 
The prisoners were mostly quartered on the north front. The 
south front is now casemated, having its guns mounted eu barbet, 
with rifle galleries underneath to sweep the ditch outside. This 
Fort is second in size, Fort Monroe being the first, so the spaces 
are great, requiring a large number of men to effectually guard it. 

The Fort was commanded by Lieut. Colonel Justin Dom- 
inick, 2d U. S. Artillery. Colonel by brevet. Born in Connec- 
ticut, appointed to West Point from Vermont, entered the Army 
July 1, 1819. 

The Post Adjutant was 2d Lieut. Justin E. Dominick (son 
of the Colonel), 1st U. S, Artillery, afterwards killed in battle 
ou the Peninsula. Born in New Hampshire, appointed to West 
Point at large ; entered the Army June 24, 186L 

The Post Sergeant Major was William Ray. The Post 
Quartermaster was Captain George W. Pearson, U. S. V. The 
garrison was so small now, that Corporals and Sergeants had to 
take their turn at standing guard, as well as their turn as Ser- 
geant and Corporal of the guard. 

Our officers were very anxious that we should do well, but 
we did not go there to be " horsed " and " caught " by " Dim," 
as we nicknamed the Post Adjutant, for we all knew what would, 
and what would not pass muster with the " regular." United 
States uniforms were issued to us, and our expensive gray uni- 
forms were discarded, never to be worn by the Corps again. 

I have shown that the Corps was well up in guard duty, but 
there is a vast difference between guarding dead property and live 
persons. There were nearly eight hundred prisoners within the 
walls of the Fort, none above planning an escape, and so it was 
the custom at the Guard House> outside the Fort, to warn the 
guard, before posting, on every dark, stormy or windy night. 
We had not been long in the Fort before an easterly storm set in, 
lasting several days. When the third relief was turned out at a 
quarter before two, the first night of the storm, from the Guard 
House where it had been sleeping for four hours on the hard 
wood inclined shelf, to be inspected for posting, the Lieutenant 



THE CADETS AT FOBT WABBEN 27 

of the Guard stepped over from the little box on the other side 
of the roadway and said — "Now this is a very dark, stormy night, 
so it is fair to suppose that if the prisoners within the Fort have 
any matured plan for escape, they would choose such a night as 
this to attempt its execution. You must allow no boat to remain 
near the shore, warn them off. No boats allowed to land during 
the night, even at the dock. Remember no sane person, except 
he be a prisoner trying to escape, would approach a sentinel at 
night without promptly answering his challenge. Watch well the 
water along your beat to be sure no person swims or wades 
therein, never leave your beat, but challenge promptly and at 
good distance ; challenge three times and then fire to kill. A sen- 
tinel on post at night is the highest and most despotic power 
known to civilized nations. No sentinel was ever shot or hung for 
shooting a man at night from his beat. I shall keep a Corporal 
and file of men ready to start at once if you send in a call. Be 
active, danger comes when it is least expected. Sergeant, post 
the relief ! " ' 

As the relief marched away into the darkness and storm, 
gusts of wind caught up their great coat capes and lashed their 
coat skirts about as if to try the quality of the thread in the con- 
tract-made garments. In due time the Sergeant returned with 
the old relief and there was more talk than usual before getting 
on the incline, about the quality of the night, and how, between 
the force of the wind and the noise of the waves, there was little 
to be seen or heard of a definite nature. " If the prisoners could 
get to the water tonight they would be all right, no living soul 
could see or hear them." 

Soon after came the call, " Coporal of the Guard, Post 10." 
Off went the Corporal with his file of men, and the sentinel on 
the dock reported having heard a musket fired on the upper end 
of the island. The suspense made it seem that the Corporal was 
a long time away, but on his return he reported the alarm "nil." 
When he arrived at Post 10, he found Private Ellison had 
reloaded and was walking his beat, still a bit nervous. It seemed 
that after he was posted he made himself familiar with the 
appearance of each tuft of sage grass, mound of sand, and the 



28 THE FORTY-FIFTH BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

rocks, so that if any moving thing came he would not mistake it 
for his surroundings. All of a sudden he heard a quick noise in 
the water just behind him and a few feet from the shore. He 
challenged — the head of a man disappeared beneath the water, 
but rose again only a few feet away. He challenged again and 
ordered him to come ashore. As quick as a flash the man ducked 
and exposed his body as he dove. He challenged again, cocked 
his rifle and just as the head came up, with the water running off 
its shoulders^/fr^//. Could it be possible that he was mistaken ? 
Yes ! he said then he had fired at one of the rocks that the reced- 
ing tide had just then set " awash." In the afternoon while the 
"high grade" prisoners were taking their exercise on the west 
parapet, one asked the sentinel on duty there, just as the troops 
were forming for "dress parade " within the Fort — " Say, sentinel, 
can't you point out the man that fired at one of us in the water 
last night ? " It was quite impossible to keep any bit of news 
from them, their eyes and ears were very keen. One day is a 
counterpart of another in garrison and the visitor who would 
take a peep at the inner phases of our life there must be an early 
riser. 

THE SUNRISE GUN. 

The few clouds in the sky begin to show a rosy hue ; the 
eastern sky is lighting up with the radiance of coming morn. 
We halt at the foot of the flag staff. I'he garrison lies still as the 
grave, dim and pulseless w'ithout the first moving thing in view-. 
Soon you note a moving sentinel on the west parapet, then your 
attention is turned to four musicians coming to where you stand 
with fifes and drums, then a corporal and two men pass to your 
left, one has a leather bag slung over his shoulder ; then comes a 
corporal with the garrison flag under his arm, done up in a 
"cocked hat." "Come on," says your officer, "we can get a 
better view at the gun," So we climb a long flight of stone steps 
after the Corporal and his two men and stop near the first gun on 
the south parapet. As we approached we heard a dull thud or 
two as the gunners rammed home their cartridge and the low-tone 
chatter of the drummers below as they braced their batter heads 
and looked up expectantly to the gun we were nearing. As the 



TUE CADETS AT FORT WABREN 29 

color in the east deepens, the Corporal orders "Ready ! " and as 
the sun's deep red disk begins to show above the horizon, sud- 
denly comes the order " Fire ! " and with it a belching cloud of 
smoke and flame from the black muzzle of the gun, a thundering 
roar, and at the same instant the shrill music of the fifes and the 
resonant rattle of the drums as they break into the stirring roll of 
the " reveille." It is enough to " rouse the Seven Sleepers," to say 
nothing of the twelve hundred in the Fort who are at once astir. 
The Corporal at the flagstaff has done his part, for from the top 
flutters in the soft morning air, our nation's emblem. The sol- 
diers immediately stream out from the casemates, "buttoned to 
the chin," and form in front of their quarters. Once more the 
drums have resumed the closing roll of the reveille, then suddenly 
cease. Next comes the prettiest ceremony of the day — 

GUARD MOUNTING. 

The old guard when relieved marches to the butts, and under 
the direction of the ofiicer of the guard discharge their pieces at 
the bull's eye, then march up into the Fort, across the parade 
ground and are there dismissed to be again on the like duty after 
two days, and in some cases after one day. They are excused 
from that afternoon drill, but must turn out at Dress Parade. 
They have their guns to clean, and their equipments, shoes and 
clothes, to put in first-class order, which often takes hours of 
time, as they have to stand at their posts without shelter, day or 
night, and so it is possible to come off duty soaked to the skin. 

My visitor is greatly interested in this daily routine of life 
in camp or garrison. After Dress Parade I suggest to him that 
after a light supper he had better get "forty winks of sleep," if 
he is to do the " Grand Rounds " at midnight. As we come out 
from the officer's mess we hear a call being beaten at the outer 
guard house where all the calls are sounded. This is the drum- 
mer's call for "Retreat," and you notice the drummers collect- 
ing at the foot of the flagstaff as they did in the morning, and the 
Corporal and two men on the south parapet. Presently the Cor- 
poral gives the chief drummer a signal and then comes the last 
music of the day, the closing rolls of the drums being the signal for 



30 THE FORTT-FIFTH REGIMEXT. M. V. M. 

the evening gun to boom and the garrison liag to come gracefully 
to earth. Soon after, when the relief is changed, the big timber 
doors to the sallvport are closed and sentinels begin to challenge. 
The nap is given up and the visitor strolls over to the Cadet 
quarters to make a call on the boys. 

•• Well," he says, "how long have you fellows got to follow 
this business ? " 

" That is just it," one answers, " we have got to stay here 
until the Government at Washington gets good and ready to dis- 
charge us: and I notice they are not discharging troops, but 
trying to get more ; men are not docking to regiments now form- 
ing. Being sworn in ' until relieved,' means for the war." 

" But," he replies, "' you don't mean to say that the Govern- 
ment will not raise a company to relieve you when they know 
you left your business or professions to help them out of an 
emergency." 

The logical Cadet was equal to the emergency, for he 
replied — "Emergency I " War in this countr}' is nothing but emer- 
gency from beginning to end. The Secretary of War would say 
that all enlisted men count alike, that he can relieve none. The 
more intelligent, the more he wants them. I don't want it given 
out from Washington that the Boston Cadets doing duty at Fort 

Warren are already kicking to " At this point the door 

suddenly opened and Captain Cabot of the Artiller)-, in full uni- 
form, with his red sash from shoulder to hip, stepped in and 
ordered, " Put out that light ! '' It went out as suddenly as he 
entered, for no one cared to pass the night in the Guard House 
and have charges preferred the next day for resisting an officer's 
authority by burning a light after " Taps," and be made to stand 
on the head of a barrel for several hours holding a candle in his 
right hand extended, or put on extra policing duty. The fact 
was, the boys were so interested in the question under discussion 
that they neglected to regard " Tattoo " and the three taps that 
came fifteen minutes later from the drummers for lights to be put 
out. The Officer of the Day had caught them sure enough. 

After this talk with the visiting friend, the chief topic of 
conversation among the Cadets was — How and when can we be 



THE CALETS AT FORT WABBEX 



31 



relieved from this duty ? Every man was satisfied that thev were 
booked for one or two years, and if they were to serve that length 
of time, they preferred to go to the front: then those who had 
left a practice or business must find some one to continue it, or 
their past labor would be lost to them entirely. It was decided 
to find out what our officers thought on the subject. It was 
found that Lieut. Colonel C. C. Holmes, commanding the Corpse 
would serve one or two months longer, and then if the Corps was 
not relieved, he would be obliged to resign and return to his 
practice. Major Jeffries thought we ought to know how long our 
term was so that each could make arrangements accordinglv. 
The position of Captain Charles R.Codman. Adjutant of the Co'rps 
was, that he had returned from abroad to take some part in 
putting down the Rebellion, and almost upon landing was ordered 
to this Fort. He preferred duty at the front, and if the Corps 
was not relieved he hoped to get transferred to the field. He 
thought it foolish to ask the Government to relieve the Corps, 
foj there could be but one answer. If the Corps would raise and 
omcer a three-year's regiment, no doubt each one commissioned, 
or enlisted, would be relieved but not the others. He favored 
raising a regiment and would take a commission. The five 
lieutenants commanding companies favored raising a regiment. 
It certainly looked as if some of the boys were going to ^et left. 
It was not a case of " growl " on the part of the Cadets. ^ 

The hard work, regular hours for work, meals and rest, with 
plain fare, were putting all in perfect physical condition. The 
Cadets were doing their work manfully and cheerfuUy, not a 
whimper was heard, but it was decided that this matter must be put 
before the Secretary- of War in some shape, and it was placed in 
Governor Andrew's hands. At first, the answer was not favorable 
but when he informed the Secretary that it was the purpose of 
the members to raise a regiment and officer it, the reply came 
that they would be aUowed to relieve themselves for the purpose 
indicated. Captain Dalton was selected to raise the Company. 
To hurry matters the Cadets were to pay a bounty of ten dollars 
to each man enlisted. Recruits were very plent^for ser^-ice of 
this kind— no marching, no banles, no earthworks to build, no 



32 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

sleeping out in bivouac. " What a pudding," thought those who 
had seen some service at the front. In two weeks the Company 
was full. After being sworn into the United States Service, it 
came to Fort Warren, and the Cadets went to town on the return 
steamer. They landed at Long Wharf. The Armory was open 
every day as those who proposed to take an active part in rais- 
ing the Regiment congregated there. 

Money was the next thing needed, or to know where money 
was to come from to pay the expenses of rent of recruiting 
offices, and of halls for recruiting meetings, advertising in the 
daily papers, travelling expenses, etc. It is here that we see the 
heads and hands of our old members that were not fit to do active 
duty, popping up. They formed themselves into an active Finance 
Committee and added a few enthusiastic friends of the Corps, 
such as Edward W. Kinsley, Esq., Alpheus Hardy, Esq., George 
W. Bond, Esq., John H. Emmons, Esq. This Committee was 
devoted to seeing that every want was supplied, even to replacing 
poor overcoats that were issued to the men of the Regiment with 
good ones of regulation pattern and color. Then they carried 
the vote, at a meeting of the Corps to turn over the Regimental 
Fund, the contents of the Cadet military chest — $1,200. 

A general recruiting office was opened in Niles' Block, 
School Street, next below City Hall, and put in charge of Cap- 
tain George H. Quincy. This member was the most devoted of 
all. He could not go to the front, and not only recruited for 
the Regiment, but when it was full, he acted as its Home Agent 
during its term of service and continued on in his good work for 
other regiments until the end of the War. 

Recruiting offices were established up and down Washington 
Street, at the West End and at the South End. Captain Codman 
was the leading spirit and took charge of affairs. Soon after our 
return from Fort Warren the Government made a call upon the 
State authorities for seventeen regiments to serve nine months, 
as it was thought that the War would be closed in that time or 
less. No new regiments were allowed to be enlisted for three 
years, only recruits for the old regiments could enlist for that 
length of service, so the question of whether the Cadet regiment 
should start out to serve for three years, was settled. 



THE CADETS AT FOBT WARBEN 



33 



It now became necessary for the members in charge of 
recruiting offices to make trips to the surrounding towns to in- 
fluence and convince the men enlisted by the town to fill its quota, 
and the Selectmen, that the best regiment about to take the field was 
the Cadet Regiment. In one town the Selectmen were very parti- 
cular that their men should go only in a temperance Company. At 
a town meeting that evening the members of the Corps who ex- 
pected to command the Company were called upon to speak, after 
one of the leading citizens had declared in a ringing speech that 
no Captain could have these men to command if he was not a 
temperance man. So when our member got up to speak, all the 
town was attention itself. He said, " I have visited several towns 
recruiting, but this is theyfr^/ that I have found so in accord with 
my ideas of what the men should profess before going forth to do 
battle in this just cause of our Government. I wish it distinctly 
understood that I am to command my Company, and I will say 
here and now, that if any man in my Company is not a temper- 
ate man I will put him in the Guard House. Now if you mean 
what you say let every man of your quota step up here on the 
platform and sign the Enlistment Roll of my Company in the 
presence of the Selectmen and town people." The speech was 
enough to convince the most exacting citizen and the Selectmen, so 
the men came up and signed the Enlistment Roll. That member 
made as successful a Captain in the field as he did Recruiting 
officer at home. 

Barracks at the State Camp at Readville were designated as 
rendezvous for our Companies, and as none were yet full so that 
they could be sworn into the United States Service and draw 
rations and clothing, Captain Codman thought it would be a 
prudent move for the writer to take up his quarters there in the 
name of the Cadet Regiment. I did so in the latter part of 
August, 1862, and so reported to General Peirce, commanding 
the camp. My time was taken up with study and rehearsing for 
the position Captain Codman had tendered me, if he was eleaed 
Colonel. 

On the 26th of September, 1862, eight Companies having 
reported for duty and elected their officers, were sworn into the 



34 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

United States Service, and the other two. H and I, were sworn 
in October 7th. On the Sth of October there was a meeting of 
all the Company officers at headquarters, to elect field officers. 
The result was — Captain Charles R. Codman, Adjutant of the 
Independent Corps of Cadets was elected Colonel : Captain 
Oliver W. Peabody, Co. H. Lieut. Colonel : Captain Russell 
Sturgis, Jr., Co. A, Major. Immediately the Colonel appointed 
his staff officers — Samuel Kneeland, Surgeon : Joshua B. Tread- 
well, Assistant Surgeon ; Gershom C. Winsor, Adjutant ; Francis 
A. Dewson, Quartermaster : Rev. Andrew L. Stone, Chaplain. 

The authorities at the State House had issued an order 
designating the official numbers of the nine months' Regiments 
of which the following is an extract : " The Regiment commanded 
by Colonel Charles R. Codman will be known as the Forty Fifth 
Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia." 

The birth of the Regiment had come. Others will write of 
its infancy and growth, but its older days should only be wrought 
and written by the future members of the First Corps of Cadets, 
M. V. M.. and the descendants of those men who served satisfac- 
torily and so well in camp, on the march, in bivouac, in battle 
and in hospital. 

It is to be hoped that the members of the Corps in the future 
will, if occasion requires, have the courage and ability to go to 
the State House and ask for the colors of the old Forty-Fifth, 
that they may recruit, officer, take to the front, fight and uphold 
with honor, and augment, if possible, the devotion of the Corps 
in sustaining the Government so well established by its members 
during the Civil War of 1861-1865. 







LIEUT. ALFRED WINSOR, JR., Co. H 
LIEUT. ALPHEUS H. HARLY, CO. E 



LIELT. GEORGE E. POND, CO. A. 
LIEUT. EDW.AUD B. RICHARDSON, CO A 




Cl^e CaDet Hcgiment auD itjS ftmm 
in 1802 

BY LIEUT. ALPHEUS H, HARDY OF COMPANY E. 
Extracts from Talk given at the Winter Meeting, February U, 1900. 

HE call of the President for three hundred thousand 
nine month's men revived the interest in the raising 
|y/ of a regiment, and on the 8th of August, lSt)2, an 
^ order was issued by Governor Andrew authorizing 
Charles R. Codman to raise a regiment for nine months' service. 
On the evening of that day a meeting was held in the Cadet 
Armory then on Tremont Street, in the third story of the build- 
ing now occupied by W. S. Butler &: Co. The outcome was to 
raise a regiment rather than join others engaged in like attempts. 
This meeting may be considered the genesis of the Regi- 
ment. Practically all the younger men present backed the plan. 
It was understood from the beginning that Adjutant Codman 
was to command, and that he should elect the field and staff and 
direct the formation of Companies. Informally the assignments 
were made of Company Commanders, and these in turn associated 
with them others as junior officers. I say informally, for under 
the call we were to be militia, and all officers were under the 
militia system elected, not appointed Nevertheless, it was 
clearly understood who were to be elected. The officers and the 
positions they were to hold were to be satisfactory to Colonel 
Codman. This arrangement made it certain that fit men were to 
be in the right place. 

No officer held a commission because of any " pull " at 
headquarters or elsewhere. The faults or weakness of the militia 
system did not obtain in the Forty-Fifth. The Cadet officers 
were accepted and commissioned because their Colonel believed 
them competent to fill the offices they held. 

The original grouping was as follows: Captain Russell 
Sturgis, Jr., with George P. Denny and George E. Pond. They 



36 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

opened a recruiting office at the rooms of the Young Men's 
Christian Association in the Tremont Temple, where the nucleus 
for a company was already formed. Later a sub-station was 
established in a tent on Franklin Street. This Company was 
the first to fill its ranks and became Company A, with the officers 
above named. 

Captain E. J. Minot was associated with Harrison Gardner 
and had their office at 77 Washington Street. Captain T. B. 
Wales, A. H. Hardy and J. Frank Emmons recruited first at 
181 State Street, and later at the corner of School Street and 
City Hall Avenue, where Percival's Drug Store now is. Captain 
N. W. Bumstead, Samuel Thaxter and Alfred Winsor, Jr., were lo- 
cated at 113 Washington Street. C. H. Walker and E. F. Daland 
were at 252 Washington Street, Captain Charles O. Rich with 
J. Dixwell Thompson were at 2 Congress Street. The first ad- 
vertisement of Captain Rich associated with him Lieutenant 
Thaxter who later joined Captain Bumstead. Captain Joseph 
Murdock, who, by the way was the oldest man in the Corps at 
Fort Warren, and was mustered into the service of the United 
States at the age of fifty-two, recruited at 162 Washington Street 
with T. H. Thayer and B. H. Ticknor. Captain G. H. Homans, 
with L. W. Tappan, Jr., and Henshaw B. Walley were at 59 Milk 
Street. Captain J. M. Churchill with Lieutenant W. S. Bond 
recruited their Company in Milton, There is no record of their 
having a Boston Office. 

The daily papers from which the foregoing facts were taken, 
generally refer to the Regiment as the " Cadet Regiment." Many 
of the advertisements were so headed. No number had been 
assigned to it, for it was not yet in existence. 

The original grouping of officers was somewhat changed 
under the conditions arising during the recruiting. Mr. H. B. 
Walley did not serve with us. He was in delicate health and 
unfit for field service, although he afterwards received a commis- 
sion as paymaster. As the seniority of Company Officers was 
determined by the order of time in which they were mustered in, 
every exertion was made to secure men. The forms of advertise- 
ment were made to attract men to the various companies. One 







CAPT. E. J. MINOT, CO. C 
CAPT. GEORGE H. ROMANS, CO. K 



CAPT. C. O. RICH, CO. I 
CAPT. GEORGE P. DENNY, CO. A 



THE CADET REGIMENT 37 

designated itself as "Sharpshooters; " another, as "the best in 
the Regiment; " another urged men to volunteer and avoid being 
drafted. 

Officers visited various towns to secure their quotas of men, 
and posters advertising the Regiment were placed in all parts of 
the State. The result was shown in the composition of the 
Regiment. Company B was largely recruited in Milton and 
Dorchester. C had ninety or more men from Franklin. Sand- 
wich and Barnstable sent above fifty to D. Swampscott had 
thirty in E. Framingham and Sudbury placed fifty in F. Brain- 
tree and the South Shore had thirty in G. Nantucket and the 
Vineyard made a majority in H. 

The record shows that more than two hundred towns and 
cities within and out of the State were represented in our ranks. 
Many of these town quotas were raised by gentlemen who properly 
represented their fellow townsmen, who came with them to the 
Forty-Fifth and served with usas commissioned or warrant officers. 
Among them were Hollis of B, from Milton, Sears of D, from 
Barnstable, Hurd of F, from Framingham, Whittaker of C, from 
Franklin. We received, too, smaller squads of men and drill 
clubs, who furnished many of our most efficient non-commissioned 
officers. We cannot follow this matter into detail, but enough 
has been given to show that the Regiment did not owe its exis- 
tence to any organization other than the old Corps of Cadets. 
The origin was from it — its recruiting and organization was by 
them — fortunately it was cosmopolitan in its makeup, and was 
composed of the finest material to be secured in the whole Bay 
State. Twenty-eight of the Cadets served in the Forty-Fifth. 
The Adjutant of the Corps was Colonel Codman. Among the 
commanders of companies were Major Sturgis and Captains 
Churchill and Rich. Among the Sergeants were Captain Mur- 
dock, Lieutenant Thompson and Adjutant Winsor. Among its 
Corporals were Captains Homans, Bumstead and Tappan and 
Lieutenant Thaxter. In the ranks were Lieutenants Bond, 
Emmons, Gardner, Pond, Richardson, Thayer, Winsor, Walker, 
and Hardy, Captains Daland, Denny, Minot and Wales, and 
Sergeants Bond, Dexter, Wellman and Maynadier. Mere men- 



38 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMEIS'T, M. V. M. 

tion of these is sufficient to explain why we were called the 
" Cadet Regiment." Certain of the non-Cadet Officers have been 
named, and how they came to be with us, but there were still 
others. 

On September 9, 1862, I find that a new advertisement ap- 
peared in the daily papers, " Massachusetts Rifle Association, 
O, W. Peabody, Recruiting Officer," Men wanted for the " Forty- 
Fifth Regiment, M. V. M." As has been said, Colonel Codman 
had the selection- of his military family. His selection of his 
second in command was most fortunate, and brought to us that 
courtly gentleman and fine officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody, 
who was mustered in as Captain of Company H, and in accor- 
dance with the military procedure, was elected by the Company 
officers as Lieutenant-Colonel. 

This promoted Tappan to the Captaincy, made Winsor First 
Lieutenant and Post, then Orderly Sergeant, became Second Lieu- 
tenant. Mr. Post came from New York and was a student at 
Harvard and became interested in the Forty-Fifth, because of 
friendship with some of its officers. 

The election of Captain Sturgis as Major gave Company A 
First Lieutenant Denny as Captain, and as Pond moved up. 
Lieutenant Richardson was promoted from First Sergeant. 
Among the other wise selections made by the Colonel was that 
of our efficient and faithful Quartermaster, F. A. Dewson, and 
our pioneer officer and accomplished engineer, Lieut. S. C. Ellis. 
Our Sergeant Major, H. G. Wheelock was a past member of the 
Cadets. The remaining non-Cadet line officers were Lieutenant 
Ticknor, a friend of- Captain Murdock ; Lieutenant Ware, pro- 
moted from First Sergeant ; Lieutenant Blagden, a close friend, 
and later the brother-in-law of Lieutenant Thompson, and Lieu- 
tenant Robinson, who brought a number of men to Company K. 
All of these gentlemen were cordially received and contributed 
their full share to the efficiency of the Regiment and were after- 
wards made members of the Cadet Corps. It must be remem- 
bered that the Regiment was raised at a time when other organi- 
zations were forming in and about Boston. The Fourth Battalion 
was developing into the Forty-Fourth, the Tigers into the Forty- 







CAPT. THOMAS B WALKS, JR., COMPANY E 
CAPr. LEWIS W. TAPPAN, JR., COMPANY H 



CAPT. EDWARD F. DALAND, COMPANY F 
CAPT. JOSEPH M. CHURCHILL, COMPANY B 



THE CADET REGIMENT 39 

Third, and the Forty-Second was filling its ranks. Of the three- 
year regiments, the Thirty Third, Thirty-Fourth, Thirty-Fifth and 
Thirty-Sixth were about to go to the front as well as the Ninth 
and Tenth Battalions. The call of the President made on July 
4th upon Massachusetts for fifteen thousand men was met within 
three months. On August 4th another call was made for nine- 
teen thousand and ninety nine-month's men. They were to be 
"raised by draft." By December this requisition had been met 
by volunteering. Sixty-nine thousand and seven hundred men 
had been raised in Massachusetts, and thirteen thousand had 
shipped in the Navy before the close of the year 1862. 

On August 8th Colonel Codman received his authority to 
raise a regiment ; on September 11th the camp at Readville was 
established; on the 12th, Company B was in camp; on the 18th, 
general orders officially designated the Regiment as the Forty- 
Fifth. On October 8, 1862, just two months from the meeting 
in the Cadet Armory, the Cadet Regiment was a part, a unit of 
the Grand Army of the Republic, and subject to the orders of the 
President of the United States. 

Of the friends of the Regiment it is still more difficult to 
write. It is impossible to enumerate them. All contributed to 
our comfort, encouragement and success You know their min- 
istrations of love and kindly interest better than I, but there were 
a few incidents of helpfulness which may especially be mentioned. 

Our guns — they were the best then obtainable — the new 
Springfield, with interchangeable parts, strong and accurate. 
We might have gone out with the English Enfields. The Forty- 
Fourth had them, I think. If a man lost a ramrod of one of 
them none but an armorer could replace it. A broken lock was 
a useless musket. We might have carried the Austrian musket 
which would hardly carry a ball clear of its muzzle and send it 
anywhere but in the desired direction. There is a legend that 
the Assistant Adjutant General of the State expressed great satis- 
faction when we broke camp. Our departure freed him from the 
insistence of the best all-round friend the Regiment had, who, it 
is said, blankly refused to take it out of the State until it was 
properly armed. Colonel Codman saw to it that we got what 



40 THE FOBrV-FIFTII REGIMENT, 31. V. M. 

was right for us to have. You must remember the thin, black, 
unserviceable overcoats worn by the men of the Forty-Sixth 
Regiment who joined us on the transport Mississippi. Our ser- 
viceable and neat blue coats were provided for us by the efforts 
and guarantee of payment by " Friends of the Regiment." Not 
having names of guarantors, it may not be invidious to name a 
few whom memory recalls, while others are forgotten, but T am 
sure that Messrs. George William Bond, Thomas B. Wales and 
Alpheus Hardy were on the list, and that " Ned " Kinsley helped 
on the affair. A brother of his was one of our Sergeants, and 
another was in Company A, but " Ned " was a brother to the 
entire Regiment. A close friend and confidant of Governor 
Andrew, he kept the "Governor's Babies" always in mind. 
His keen interest and cheerful, enthusiastic face and manner is 
one of the pleasantest recollections of visiting friends in New 
Berne. There is also a legend that the friends of the Regiment 
paid for the instruments of the band, including Spofford's cornet, 
which blew backward its inspiring strains, and which is now an 
honored relic in the new Cadet Armory, together with the bass 
drum of the band. The Cadet Officers took a deep and helpful 
interest in us. Park Street Church, which gave us our devoted 
chaplain. Rev. Dr. A. L. Stone, was largely represented in Com- 
pany A, and liberally contributed to our comfort by its gifts of 
goods and goodies. Captain Miles Blanchard of Swampscott, in 
his so'wester, bringing his lading of apples alongside the trans- 
port in the harbor, was likewise a friend of the Regiment, with 
many others, too many to name, many of whom indeed are to us 
now only names, l^heir roll call like ours shortened by death or 
wide separation. 

These details, trivial in themselves, and unimportant in fact 
may serve to quicken our memories, to bring back the days, 
when as boys, as many of us were, we chose to turn from home 
comforts to break in upon our life work, to set aside plans for 
the future and accept what there might be of trial and danger in 
the camp and field of battle. I have often envied the possession 
which the three year's men who have survived the War, of ex- 
perience, of accomplishment, of wider and larger duty done. 







SERGT.-MAJ. HENKY G. WHEELOCK 
COMMISSARY SERGT. CHARLES F. RICHARDSON 



QUARTERMASTER FRANCIS A, DEWSON 
QUARTERMASTER-SERGT. ARTHUR REED 



THE CADET REGIMENT 41 

But there was no guarantee of exemption from sickness, danger and 
death for the nine month's militia men. They sickened in swamp 
and bayou, they were killed in battle and their bones lie at 
Fredericksburg, at Gettysburg, at Port Hudson, at Kinston, by 
the long seacoast, and the western rivers, with those of the men 
of longer enlistment, but no longer service. 




a fm factjs of Jntercjst to ^Jl^cmbcr^ of tl)t 
fonpf'iU\^ Hcgimcnt 

BY L. HENRY WHITNEY OF COMPANY A. 

T is not my purpose to go into any extended history 
of the Independent Corps of Cadets, or of the Forty 
Fifth Regiment, as these topics have been fully 
covered in the excellent papers of Adjutant Winsor 
and Lieutenant Hardy. I only wish to give a few facts, not else- 
where stated, that may be of interest 

By way of introduction, I might say that the Forty-Fifth 
while in North Carolina had an experience very similar to. that 
which the Independent Corps of Cadets had in quelling " Shay's 
Rebellion,"* which occurred during the unsettled period from 
1783 to 1789. Before the Constitution of the United States had 
become operative, the farmers of Worcester and Hampden Coun- 
ties, Massachusetts, undertook to start a little government of 
their own, with headquarters at Springfield, and one Shay, as 
leader. The Cadets were ordered to march to Springfield and 
suppress the rebellion. On reaching Worcester they learned that 
Shay and his followers having heard that the Cadets, whose 
reputation they well knew, were on their way and the object of 
the expedition, deemed " discretion the better part of valor," laid 
down their arms and dispersed. When the Forty-Fifth Regiment 
in April, 1863, was hurried forward one dark night to the picket 
post at Batchelder's Creek to re-inforce the Fifty-Eighth Penn- 
sylvania, whose Colonel was killed that day by a force of the 
enemy from Kinston, it was evident that these Confederates, 
who first met the Forty-Fifth at Kinston, December 14, 1862, 
did not care to renew the acquaintance, as they retired somewhat 
suddenly 

The Rebellion by the Southern States of 1860 was to protect 
the social condition that slavery had produced in those States. 

*The story of Shay's Rebellion may be found in the book published 
in 1900 entitled "'The Duke of Stockbridore," witten by Edward Bellamy. 

42 



ATTENTION COMPANY! 
SHOULDER ARMS!! 
FORWARD MARCH!!! 





CABET REGIMENT! 



FOR 9 MONTHS' SERVICE 



tkr Kvm aft apt l'»4 I* rBh«l III lb* r»ak<b Fall la |>ri Hpllf aad 4a laar par) loni 



a rarr ap|»Mi«allj lar 
ir4> rr*>Ma<; a«l ibh 



•/%\ fW, HV.UST'K.itB, 

APPLY A T 

V. A. mrmrU; Mcmb Prtetn', Jmimrmmt BaHritet. ••• »*«akhijt»a iMr»»«. ■■••*•» # 



WAR TIME POSTER 



FACTS OF INTEBEST 



43 



But the real question to be decided was that of each State and 
the right by Congress over the citizens, or in other words " \re 
the United States a Nation or a Confederacy of States, from 
which a State may withdraw at pleasure? " 

During the Civil War the status of the slaves changed to 
that of contrabands, because under the Constitution of the United 
States, slaves were made personal property and could not be 
treated as prisoners of war, if taken in battle. Later, by the 
Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, they were 
changed from personal property to citizens of the United States 
and as such to be entitled to protection by the United States! 
and to 'be taught to read and write, and this change came 
during the term of service of the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts, the 
members of which became teachers of freed contraband citizens 
when not on duty as soldiers. Edward W. Kinsley, Esq., the 
Patron Saint of the Forty-Fifth, M. V. M., and special messenger 
of Governor Andrew to President Lincoln, visited New Berne 
and made soldiers of these freed citizens, promising the protec- 
tion of the United States. While it is true that the Civil War 
commenced in April, 1861 and ended in April, 1865, it is also 
true that the question which that war decided was raised before 
the Constitution of the United States was adopted, namely -Is 
the United States of America a Nation," or -Are the rights of 
each State superior to the authority of the Congress ? " By that 
Constitution every able-bodied man between the ages of ei-hteen 
and forty-five years is liable to be called upon to do milita^'ry ser- 
vice. But every such man is also liable to be called upon by his 
own State. The first call upon Massachusetts for men was filled 
by order of the Governor, who sent State Militia to the aid of the 
General Government. The limit of time that the Governor could 
order State Militia beyond State lines was fixed by law as three 
months. The First Massachusetts Regiment was ordered to 
Fort Warren, a United States Fort in Boston Harbor. 

The Government found it necessary to have in its service 
soldiers whose term was longer than three months and a call for 
Volunteers for three year's service was made, and the first Mass- 
achusetts Regiment volunteered for three years' service. Then 



44 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

there were in service Massachiusetts Militia and Massachusetts 
Volunteer Militia. Other regiments were organized and sent to 
the front, and these others were Massachusetts Volunteers; none 
of them were organized as Massachusetts Militia. The law 
limited the number of Militia in Massachusetts, and no additions 
to that number was allowed until in 1862, the call for three hun- 
dred thousand three years' Volunteers was quickly followed by a 
call for three hundred thousand Volunteers for nine months. 
Enlistments for nine month's service in the Forty-Fifth Regiment 
were made before the change in the law. The various engage- 
ments between the Union and Confederate Armies the first year 
of the War had shown that the Confederate Army *was well 
'drilled and commanded by competent officers. With the control 
of the railroad and telegraphic communications in their section, 
they could concentrate a large body of men at a given point in a 
short space of time. The Union Army, composed largely of raw 
recruits, commanded by inexperienced and incompetent officers, 
many of whom owed their positions to a political pull, were no 
match for the veterans of the Confederacy. It was becoming 
plainer every day that the Union Army must be better drilled 
and better led, or else the Confederate Government would obtain 
belligerent rights by being recognized as an Independent Govern- 
ment by some foreign power as able to maintain their right to 
command and protect their citizens. At this point a meeting was 
called of those members of the Independent Corps of Cadets who 
were willing to accept a commission and serve the United States 
for nine months in the Forty-Fifth Regiment as officers under 
Charles R. Codman, who was to be the Colonel. No thought of 
their being enrolled as Massachusetts Militia was suggested, and 
the meeting had been authorized by Governor Andrew. 

At this meeting one hundred Cadets were present, and by 
their presence signified their willingness to accept commissions. 
As only ten companies could be formed, each having three com- 
missioned officers, there could only be thirty commissions issued. 

But Charles R. Codman, Adjutant of the Cadets, who pre- 
sided at the meeting, was equal to the emergency. He proposed 
that each young man who was willing to enlist as 2l prhmte in 



FACTS OF INTEREST 45 

the Forty-Fifth Regiment, come out on the floor. Several 
responded and these were divided into groups of three each and 
were then and there authorized to recruit a Company for the 
Forty-Fifth. For convenience each group organized by one of 
them assuming the title of Captain, the other two, as First and 
Second Lieutenants, and such commissions were issued to them. 
With this beginning and by calling the Regiment the Cadet 
Regiment, the Companies were quickly filled and sent out to 
Camp Meigs, Readville. Captain Churchill, of Milton, had the 
honor of opening the barracks built for the Forty-Fifth, he tak- 
ing Company B into camp on Friday, September 12, 1S62. On 
Monday, September 15, Captain Sturgis followed with one hun- 
dred and thirty-four men who had enlisted in Company G, one 
hundred and one being the limit of a Company, that Company 
organized in Boston under Massachusetts Militia Law, and was 
the first organized, and became Company A of the Forty-Fifth 
Regiment, M. V. M. 

The surplus on list among those who went to Camp with 
Captain Sturgis helped to fill up Captain Churchill's Company, 
which being the second Company to complete its roll became 
Company B of the Forty-Fifth Regiment. Each Company took 
the letter that its Captain was entitled to by priority of his com- 
mission in alphabetical order from A to K ; (no letter J, — I and 
J. being too much alike). 

The change from Volunteers to serve nine months to mem- 
bers of Massachusetts Militia explains why the Pension Certifi- 
cate does not give the date of enlistment of the recruit. In the 
case of the writer who enlisted August 9, 1862, his Pension Cer- 
tificate gives September 15th as the date, because his Company 
was then organized. The demand for men grew faster than the 
Volunteers presented themselves, and a draft was ordered to fill 
the quota, and Massachusetts looking the situation in the face, 
decided to have the nine month's Volunteers organized under 
the Massachusetts Militia Law, thus providing for the possible 
situation in Massachusetts after the term of nine months had 
elapsed. Under the Massachusetts Militia Law, each man en- 
listed to serve the State five years, and the Governor had power 



46 THE FORTY-FIFTH BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

to order them beyond the State line for three month's service 
each year of the five, it being understood that the nine month's 
service should cover the three month's liability for outside of the 
State service for three years. This was not made plain to each 
man, who, having volunteered for nine months in the United 
States Service, was told that the Regiment was organized under 
Massachusetts Militia Law, by which each member of the Com- 
pany would have a vote in electing the commissioned officers, 
and to gain this right every one signed the Massachusetts En- 
rollment without reading what they signed. The wisdom shown 
by the authorities of Massachusetts in this matter was made 
apparent July 14, 1863 when the Regiment was ordered out to 
suppress the Draft Riots. 

The surprise of the members of the Forty-Fifth who had 
been discharged July 7, 1863 at the end of their term of service can 
be imagined, but curiosity led many of them to show up at Read- 
ville, July 15, to learn the meaning, and thenand thisre Colonel Cod- 
man read the Sections of the Law under which the call was made, 
showing that each one who obeyed the Order was entitled to pay 
from the State, and whoever did not obey would be liable to a 
fine of fifty dollars for disobedience. 

The emergency foreseen by the authorities in 1862 had come. 
The term of three hundred thousand Volunteers had expired, the 
Confederate Army had not been dispersed, more men must be 
had at once, and a Draft had been ordered, which the "copper- 
heads " of the North were vigorously resisting 

The Governor, by the enrollment of the nine month's men 
as Massachusetts Militia, having a right to order them into the 
State Service at any time during five years from enrollment, had 
at hand a sufficient force to quell all riots and maintain the peace 
of the State. The Cooper Street Riot in Boston gave to the public 
the first view of that force, and gave to the Forty-Fifth Regiment 
the first tangible reason why the services of the Regiment were 
not accepted on June 26, at Fortress Munroe, when offered, 
before the Battle of Gettysburg, namely, their services were likely 
to be needed very soon in Boston. The liability of the nine 
month's men to be ordered into the service of the State of Mass- 



FACTS OF IJVTEBEST 47 

achusetts by the Governor at any time within five years of date 
of enlistment, did not make them " Minute Men," for no one 
understood and held himself ready for a call for such service. 
The " Minute Men " of the Civil War were those men who served 
the United States under the first call. Some of them were en- 
listed under the Militia Law of the State several years before the 
election of Abraham Lincoln in November, 1860. Others were 
men who, before his Inauguration, March 4, 1861, joined Drill 
Corps or applied for a chance to take the place of any enlisted 
man who didn't care to be a soldier, when to be a soldier meant 
service in the face of an enemy. 

It must not be forgotten that before November, 1860, pat- 
riotism was not the chief reason for enlisting in the Massa- 
chusetts Militia. Many did so to escape Jury Duty, and as stern 
war demands men who are ready to imperil their lives and limbs 
in the service of their country, any enlisted man was permitted 
to withdraw in favor of a man who was ready to take the risk of 
war. The organization was sent by the Governor, but it was 
made up only of Volunteers, either of the enlisted men or of sub- 
stitutes, who took the places of those who did not wish to serve 
in war. 




gin jHcmor^ of C>Ubcr W^itt ^BtaboDr, Itm- 

tcnaut Colonel, f ovtr-ftftl) jmagjjs. Boluntccrjs, 

^tet) €>ctobcr 23, 1896» 

Read by Colonel Charles K. Codman at a meetiug of the Forty-fifth 
Massachusetts Volunteers, March 18, 1897. 

LIVER WHITE PEABODY was born in Springfield, 
Mass., May 9, 1834. His parents were Rev. Wil- 
liam Bourne Oliver Peabody and Elizabeth Amelia 
White. All his early associates were those of edu- 
cation, refinement, integrity and- piety. His father, a minister, 
distinguished in his day for scholarship, and for power and earn- 
estness as a preacher devoted to his sacred office, and of a most 
tolerant and catholic spirit, was universally respected and be- 
loved in Springfield, where he preached for twenty-seven years 
until his early death at the age of forty-eight. His mother, a 
woman of beautiful character and saintly life, had died some 
years before her husband. 

One of the Rev. Peabody's warmest friends was the Rev. 
Nathaniel Thayer, minister of the Unitarian Society in Lancas- 
ter, Mass. It was through this association that the late John 
Eliot Thayer and his brother Nathaniel Thayer became interested 
in the orphan children of their father's friend, and Oliver W. 
Peabody and his brother Francis E. were taken into their office 
as clerks. At the beginning of the Civil War Oliver Peabody 
was one of the chief and trusted assistants in the house of John 
E. Thayer and Brother, a position more than likely to lead at no 
very distant day to a partnership in a bright, successful business, 
and thus to distinction and affluence. It was as certain as any- 
thing in business can be, that wit h the abundant ability he pos- 
sessed, he had only to work faithfully, and this he was sure to do, 
to become in time possessed of large means, comforts and luxur- 
ies, as well as the great opportunities of wealth. But the War of 
the Rebellion broke out. 

48 




LIEUT,-COL. OLIVER W. PEABODY 



OLIVEB WHITE PEA BODY 49 

Peabody had served in the militia of the State, and thus ac- 
quired some knowledge of military matters. As the war went on, 
he made up his mind that it was his duty to risk these prospects 
and to place the claims of his country above all others. The 
members of the patriotic firm, in whose service he was, assured 
him that his place should be kept vacant to await his return to it, 
if he should live through his term of service, so he proceeded to 
raise a company for the Forty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers. 
This he succeeded in doing, and was prepared to go into the-field 
as its Captain, but upon the organization of the regiment, he was 
made Lieutenant Colonel, and in that capacity he served until 
the Regiment, which was enlisted for nine months, was mustered 
out and disbanded. 

His active service was in North Carolina in 1862 and 1863. 
He was in the actions at Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro, the 
regiment being a part of the Eighteenth Army Corps under com- 
mand of Major General John G. Foster. During the rest of his 
life. Colonel Peabody remained, as long as his health permitted, 
active in business. 

About the close of the War, the new firm of Kidder, Peabody 
& Co., was established, successors to John E. Thayer &: Brother. 
The high character of the firm to which he belonged is well 
understood in this community. He became in time a rich man. 
It is no exaggeration to say of him, that no man ever made a 
better use of his opportunities, or had a keener sense of the res- 
ponsibilities of wealth. His life has been a public benefaction. 
He has aided liberally in many good works, social, charitable and 
religious. The beautiful church in the district of Boston called 
Ashmont, built through Colonel Peabody's generosity, was the 
direct expression of his Christian faith and is his chief memorial. 

In the military service Colonel Peabody had the warm esteem 
and affection of his fellow officers. The soldiers believed in him 
and trusted him, feeling that he was a man to be relied upon in 
any emergency. He showed himself brave, cool and very steady 
in action, and firm though considerate in discipline. Kindly and 
courteous he always was. 

All who have been brought into relations with him, either in 



50 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

civil or military life will bear testimony to his personal attractive- 
ness. It was easy to see that he united intelligence and force to 
an extraordinary charm of manner and kindness of heart. Those 
who knew him best, however, and had the privilege of being in- 
timate with him, always recognized that it was his absolute 
integrity and conscientiousness in everything that he said and 
did, that were his most admirable as they were the most charac- 
teristic of his good qualities. 




MAJOR RUSSELL STURGIS, JR. 




gin jHcmorr of mw^jStU ^turgtjs, Jr., jHaloic 

fort^-fift]^ Hcgimcnt iHa;S;2iacl)ujScttjS 

BoUintccriS. 

Died October 14, 1899. 
BY HISTORIAN. 

"USSELL STURGTS, Jr., was born in the town of 
Milton, August 3, 1831. He came of an old Boston 
family, his ancestor, Edward Sturgis, emigrating to 
America from England in 1635. His father was one 
of the leading merchants of Boston in the East India and China 
trade, and was also a member of the well known banking house 
of Baring Brothers of London. At three years of age he went 
with his father and mother to China, spending a few years in that 
country and in Macao and Manila. His mother died when he 
was but seven years of age, and he then returned to this country 
and was placed in the school of Mr. Green at Jamaica Plain and 
he formed a warm attachment for that very worthy gentleman. 
At the age of fourteen he entered the Boston Latin School, from 
thence to Phillips Academy where he fitted for Harvard College, 
which he entered in 1848. 

The next year his father started for China, but circumstances 
detained him for quite a length of time in England, and desiring 
to have his sons near him, the young men crossed the ocean and 
were placed by their father in a school in Brussels, Belgium, 
which was under the charge of a French Clergyman. In 1853, 
when twenty-two years of age he was offered and accepted a posi- 
tion in the American Consulate at Shanghai, China, then in 
charge of Mr. Cunningham. It was while he was performing the 
duties of this position that the great Rebellion in China occurred. 
In a very interesting sketch of his life, which he prepared for his 
children some years before his death, he gives a vivid description 
of many scenes of which he was an eye witness, and describes in 
a modest way his entrance into the city, which was held by the 

51 



52 THE FOBTT-FIFTU REGIMENT, 31. T'. M. 

rebels. His interview with a rebel officer at the gate of the city, 
his determined bravery in the presence of those fierce chiefs, and 
his demand for respect to the American flag and to all who owed 
allegiance to it, are all told most graphically and yet in few 
words. It is very evident that this young, brave, and high 
spirited American made a deep impression on those blood-thirsty 
Mongolians. 

He narrates that in those troublous times the American resi- 
dents secured two howitzers and formed a gun squad, and the 
English residents organized a rifle battalion, all for mutual pro- 
tection. One of the pleasantest sounds he ever heard was the 
" fife and drum " playing " Yankee Doodle " announcing the ap- 
proach of a Company of Jack Tars marching to their relief. 
There are several occasions where his courage was severely tested, 
and we, who knew him so well a few years later, are sure that he 
did not falter in the supreme moment. 

In 1855, he returned to America and engaged in the East 
India business in Boston, with Mr. Henry Saltonstall. Mr. Stur- 
gis had a decided leaning towards a military life, and seriously 
contemplated entering the United States Military Academy at 
West Point. In 1861 he was a member of the Independent 
Corps of Cadets and served with that battalion for a few months 
at Fort Warren. Relieved from duty there, he still continued his 
deep interest in military matters and the war, and in 1862 when 
the President issued his call for three hundred thousand men for 
nine month's service, he resolved to recruit a Company to be 
attached to the regiment which was then being raised under the 
auspices of the Independent Corps of Cadets. He recruited 
Company A and was its first Captain. During the summer 
months he had his home at Manchester-by-the-Sea, and it is a 
tribute to his manly, upright character that twenty-one of the 
best citizens of that town, enlisted at his solicitation in Com- 
pany A. 

Before leaving Camp Meigs for the seat of war Captain Sturgis 
was promoted to, and received his Commission as Major of the 
Forty-fifth. Major Sturgis participated in most of the active 
work in which the Regiment was engaged, and in the Action at 



RUSSELL STUBGIS, JR. 53 

Dover Cross Roads, N. C, he commanded the scouting battalion 
and videttes, driving the enemy into breastworks before which 
there was a brisk action by a considerable portion of the Eigh- 
teenth Army Corps. During our service in New Berne, Major 
Sturgis read the prayers for the day to his men and frequently 
read the service on Sundays in the Episcopal Church. While 
the Regiment was acting as " Provost Guard " in the city, he 
was a frequent visitor at the various hospitals where his bright 
smile and words of Christian cheer and counsel carried comfort 
and consolation to many a poor sufferer. He was greatly 
beloved in Manchester, taking a deep interest in its material 
prosperity and spiritual welfare and it was through his efforts 
that an Episcopal Church building was erected and on land 
donated by him. 

On his retirement from the Army he devoted a large portion 
of his time and efforts to the work of the Young Men's Christian 
Association, and he stands in the front rank as one of its founders 
in America. " Few religious or secular movements have ever de- 
veloped into such huge proportions from so small beginnings. 
Wherever this grand Association flourishes, there the name of 
Russell Sturgis is rightly held in veneration, and no where has 
the institution been more successful than in Boston." He was 
very active in securing the former Association building on the 
corner of Eliot and Tremont Streets, and still later the present 
elegant building on Boylston Street, and he was always a liberal 
contributor to the funds of the Association and was a member of 
the International Committee. His services in aid of poor and 
struggling Associations were constantly in demand, and were 
given without stint. 

He was for many years President of the Boston Association 
and up to his death, a member of the Board of Trustees. While 
at Portsmouth, N. H., he was stricken down with heart disease 
and died October 14, 1899. His death carried grief to the 
hearts of thousands of persons, whom he had met in the course 
of his busy life and who looked upon him as a personal friend. 
The esteem in which he was held by those who knew him, is well 
embodied in the following Resolutions of Company A Forty-fifth 
Associates passed at a meeting of the members : 



54 THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Whereas : A Divine Providence has taken from our midst 
the President of this Association, Company A's first Captain, the 
Major of our dear old Regiment 

RUSSELL STURGIS 

Resolved : That in the death of Russell Sturgis, the Com- 
pany A Associates have lost a life long friend and most valued 
member ; that by his devotion to the interests of Company A, in 
camp, and in the field, and by his thoughtful care of the sick and 
wounded in the hospital, he endeared himself to every member of 
our Company. 

Resolved : That by his upright life, his never ending service 
to his Divine Master, both in the Army and in after years, he 
was a living example to us all of a true Christian soldier and 
Gentleman. 

Resolved : That though we mourn his loss, we feel assured 
that he has gone to his reward in heaven, to continue in the ser- 
vice to which he devoted so much of his life while on earth. 

Resolved: That these Resolutions be entered upon the 
Records of the Association, and that a copy be sent to the family 
with the heartfelt sympathy of the members. 



Ci^e Wat ^tatm, toi^en ti^c i^im ^ontW 
Croopjsi "wtvt Called 

BY AN OFFICER OF THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 



^•sr:- 1 




f'T is probable that in the year 1862, the greater part of 
the people of the Northern States, did not fully ap- 



preciate the greatness and difficulty of the work that 
they had undertaken in reducing the revolted States 
and people. 

From the very beginning there had been illusions on this 
subject. Early in the war, Mr. Seward, Secretary of State, in 
public speech and diplomatic correspondence, had boldly stated 
his opinion that the efforts which the government was making 
would surely suppress the rebellion in sixty days' time. 

The first battle of Bull Run very rudely dissipated any 
hopes founded upon the opinion of even so distinguished and 
thoughtful a public man as Mr. Seward. It became evident that 
the southern white people were substantially united ; and that 
they had 'a large territory, not easy to be overrun, and capable 
of subsisting and supporting for a long period, all the armies 
that the new Confederacy could put into the field. 

It was clear that their troops were fired with enthusiasm, 
and that they could fight to the last. 

And yet even as late as in 1862, the administration, if it may 
be judged by its official acts, did not seem fully to realize these 
facts. It may be that it doubted whether the northern people 
could yet be brought to realize them. 

It is, of course possible, that Congress and the Executive, 
while fully appreciating the magnitude of the contest which was 
then approaching the high-water mark of intensity, feared that, if 
too great sacrifices were demanded of the people, they might 
falter and consent to some sort of disunion for sake of peace. 

The existence of some such fear may have induced the 
Government to take measures which no Government that did not 

55 



56 THE FOBTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

absolutely depend upon popular support, and which was not at 
the same time uncertain of possessing that support, would have 
been likely to have attempted. 

It was determined to call for Volunteers for three years, or 
the war, and to call for militia from certain states to serve nine 
months. It is easy to see now, that this last call was a military, 
if not a political, mistake. 

It proposed to draw newly raised troops into the service of 
the United States for a period just long enough to train them to 
be good soldiers, and then disband them at the moment they 
had arrived at a high point of efficiency. 

It was true that many trained men might re-enlist, as many 
did, but the loss of disciplined organizations, was a serious dis- 
advantage. That the policy was wasteful and short-sighted, if 
judged exclusively as a military question, seems certain. 

But when it is considered in its political aspects it must be 
admitted that there is much to be said to qualify such a judg- 
ment. 

Abraham Lincoln, as well as any man of his time, or any 
public man that has ever lived in this country, understood the 
peculiar character of the American people. He knew their vir- 
tues and he knew their limitations. 

That they were resolute when their blood was up, and cap- 
able of endurance and patience, he surely well understood. But 
he did not fail also to appreciate that his countrymen are of all 
men, the most optimistic, the most easy-going, and the most 
hopeful. Foreigners call them vain, and a well-known English 
writer has said, "that the American nation is the vainest and the 
most generous on the face of the earth."* Mr. Lincoln himself 
though certainly as free from personal vanity, as any man that 
ever lived, may have shared to some extent the general opinion 
of his countrymen that the great superiority of the North in pop- 
ulation and wealth, as well as the moral forces that underlay its 
cause, would give it a speedy triumph, without any approach to 
the exhaustion of its resources ; and if the President did not him- 
self share this confident expectation, he must have known that it 
* Charles Reade. 



THE WAli STATUS 57 

existed, and that it was general ; and that if the Administration 
was to take the attitude of an alarmist, it would lose the sym- 
pathy of the people and so be subjected to very great embarass- 
ment, in practically carrying out measures more vigorous than 
public opinion was ready to sustain. 

While it is possible that the reasons which have thus far 
been adduced to account for the action of the United States 
government in resorting to apparently halfway and inconclusive 
measures are purely conjectural ; there are other considerations 
relating to the attitude of foreign countries, which probably had 
a more direct bearing upon the action of Mr. Lincoln and his 
advisors. 

They may very naturally have reasoned that to do anything 
which looked like calling for the last man or the last dollar might 
be interpreted abroad, if not at home, as a confession that the 
United States were at the end of their resources, at a time when 
their armies had made no very serious impression upon the re- 
volted South ; and might thus supply the motive and the occa. 
sion for European intervention. 

It could hardly have been supposed that military observers 
in Europe, especially those whose prejudices tended to make 
them favor the Southern cause, would be disposed, at this time, 
to believe that the overthrow of the Rebellion was assured. 
Grant, it is true, had won his victories in Tennessee, and was 
beginning the campaigns which resulted in a little less than a 
year, in the capture of Vicksburg, 

A lodgment upon the coast of North Carolina had been made 
by Burnside at New Berne. But hardly anywhere else in the 
theatre of operations had the forces of the United States made 
substantial progress ; and the war had been going on for more 
than a year. McClellan's army had failed to take Richmond, 
and its only great victory had been that at Antietam ; and this 
was rather a successful defence of Washington and the North, 
than an effective blow at the Confederacy. The object then of 
calling for troops, to serve for a short time may have been to an- 
nounce in this way, not only to the country, but to foreign 
nations, that the American Government was far from doubting 
that its cause would triumph at no distant period. 



58 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

It was no doubt necessary to keep up a bold front, and to 
show no signs of discouragement, or of lack of confidence. 
There was believed to be danger of intervention in favor of the 
South from both France and England. France, then under the 
rule of Louis Napoleon, a ruler absolutely devoid of moral, or 
political principle, and seeking only the aggrandizement of his 
dynasty, was placed in a position of jealousy and hostility to the 
United States. 

It is now well known that, if he could have persuaded Eng- 
land to join him, the French Emperor was ready and desirous to 
establish a new power in America to counteract the influence and 
control the territorial limits of the great Northern Republic. 
A Southern Confederacy, owing its existence to him, might be 
depended upon to offer no resistance to the occupation of Mexico, 
which he, undoubtedly meditated as early as 1862, and which he 
subsequently undertook. That the full significance of the over- 
throw of the rebellion was at once recognized by Louis Napoleon, 
confirms this view. 

Lee had hardly surrendered when the French troops were 
withdrawn from Mexico, leaving to his miserable fate the unfor- 
tunate Austrian prince, who had weakly permitted himself to be 
the instrument of a ruler, whose past record would appear to have 
demonstrated clearly enough, that neither oaths, nor promises, 
would ever restrain him in any political action that he deemed 
necessary to the attainment of his ends. 

The danger of intervention by England in favor of the South 
was, probably, never very great. There was always a large body 
of Englishmen, that was outspoken in its sympathy with the 
North, and this body was fully able to deal with the sympathisers 
with southern secession. It was only when the British pride of 
nationality was aroused, which happened in the stoppage of the 
Trent by Captain Wilkes, and the seizure of the Confederate 
Envoys, that any serious danger of active intervention arose. 
Nevertheless, the fear of such intervention was always present to 
American statesmen, and it was a factor always to be taken into 
consideration in determining the public acts of the Administra- 
tion. 



THE WAR STATUS 59 

It is not unreasonable, therefore, to suppose that the prob- 
able effect of the measures upon the public opinion of foreign 
nations, and especially upon the action of France and England, 
may have had deciding weight in the counsels of President Lin- 
coln and his advisors, and may have convinced them that no 
policy should be proclaimed as that of the American Govern- 
ment which would imply any lack of confidence in the ultimate 
success of the National arms. 

The Proclamation of the President calling militia into the 
service of the United States was issued in the summer of 1862. 

Of these several regiments were from Massachusetts. The 
subsequent chapters of this work deal with the experiences and 
services of one of these regiments. 




Camp ^ciQjS, BcaDtiUe 

BY PRIVATE JOSEPH G. DALTON OF COMPANY F. 

AMP MEIGS was one of the ten camps of rendezvous 
formed in the State and mostly named after eminent 
American generals. It was doubtless so-called for 
Quartermaster-General Montgomery C. Meigs of 
Chattanooga memory and much important service. It was located 
in Norfolk County, about ten miles from Boston, a few rods from 
Readville Station on the Boston & Providence Railroad, within 
the limits of the town of Hyde Park, and three miles from Ded- 
ham Centre. It was upon a nearly level tract of high land bor- 
dering on Milton Street, of which our Regiment occupied a rec- 
tangular space of about eight or ten acres. To the south and east 
the held spread in a gentle slope to the Neponset River some 
three-quarters of a mile away, whose winding course forms the 
north-west boundary of Milton. It is a slow stream there about 
fifty feet wide, and unseen from the camp because of a belt of 
scrub oak and birch on the edge of the lowland. The Blue Hill 
Summit, a little east of south, and not far off on the other side of 
the river, was the prominent feature in the landscape, with its hilly 
range extending easterly. 

Our barracks were ten parallel one-story buildings, about 
eighty feet long, of plain boards, with doors at each end, a spac- 
ious parade ground in front, and separated by a lane in the rear 
from the cook-houses. Near by in the same direction were the 
officers' tents and mess rooms and the buildings of the Quarter- 
master and medical departments. Other regiments were simi- 
larly housed on the west of us, leaving the view unobstructed to 
the east and south. This encampment formed the principal 
school of the soldier for volunteers in the eastern part of the 
State. Here several other nine-month's regiments, of which were 
the Forty-Second, Forty-Third and Forty-Fourth had preceded us 
by some weeks. 

60 



CAMP MEIGS 61 

ARRIVAL OF COMPANIES AT CAMP. 

Early in September a part of the Forty-Fifth were gathered 
here ; Company D came on the 12th, Company A on the 15th, 
and others at intervals. Company F was mustered into service 
on the 26th together with six other Companies, and one on Octo- 
ber 7th. Many men were then hastening to enlist as only a few 
days remained of volunteering, for the paying of bounties was to 
cease and the draft to begin October 1st, afterwards postponed 
to the 15th. 

Our field and staff officers and the last companies were sworn 
in on the morning of October 8, and we then became a United 
States Regiment, though still part of the State militia. There- 
upon in the afternoon was the first regimental parade and drill. 
This, the birthday of the Corps had been very warm, eighty 
degrees even at its close. The sunset was the most splendid of 
the year and one of the most notable of a lifetime for its gorgeous 
variety of vivid and rare colors and contrasts, and their continu- 
ance for more than an hour. 

If taken as symbolical, a sort of chromatic horoscope of our 
career, this was rather overdone, too bright and lasting for a 
short-term Regiment, and a future scene of action not where the 
war raged severest. Leaving fancy, I add here what other facts 
of the weather were recorded. Nearly all the latter part of Sep- 
tember was fine, but on the twenty-eighth hard rain most of the 
day. The first ten days of October were clear and warm ; the 
eleventh to thirteenth were rainy ; the nineteenth, a bright day, 
and the last three or four days of the month were finest autumnal 
weather. The dampness of the ground in places and the frequent 
fogs affected the health of those on guard at night. 



REGULATIONS FOR THE RENDEZVOUS OF THE FORTY-FIFTH 
REGIMENT AT READVILLE. 

Reveille at 5 A. M., when the Compaoy Rolls will be called, after 
wliich the quarters will be put in order. 
Breakfast at 6 A. M. 



62 THE FOTiTY-FIFTU REGIMENT, M. V. J/. 

Surgeon's Call at 7 A. M., when sick men will be conducted to the 
Surgeon, or reported to him by the First Sergeants, if unable to report 
in person. 

Guard Mounting at 7.30 A. M. 

First Sergeant's Call at 8 A. M., when they will report to the 
Adjutant for orders. 

Drills from 8.30 A. M. toll A. M. ; drum practice at the same time. 

Dinner at 12 M. 

Drills from 2 to 4 P. M., or longer, at the discretion of officers con- 
ducting drills, or according to such orders as they may receive. 

Tea at 6 P. M. 

Retreat at sunset, when the Company Rolls will be called, and if 
ordered, there will be a dress parade. 

Tattoo at 9 P. M., when the Company Rolls will be called. 

Taps at 9.20 P. M., when all lights must be extinguished, except 
those at Headquarters and at the Guard Tent. 

Morning Reports of Companies signed by the Captains and First 
Sergeants, must be handed to the Adjutant before eight o'clock every 
morning. 

Each cook-house will be in charge of a non-commissioned officer 
appointed by the Captain of the Company. 

The greatest attention will be paid by all officers and soldiers to 
the cleanliness of the camp, and of its inhabitants.. 

The attention of all officers and soldiers is called to the following 
extract from the Army Regulations, which will be strictly observed in 
this Camp : 

" Courtesy among military men is indispensable to discipline. 
Respect to superiors will not be confined to obedience on duty, but will 
be extended to all occasions. It is always the duty of the inferior to 
accost or to offer first the customary salutation, and of the superior to 
return such complimentary notice. 

Sergeants with swords drawn will salute by bringing them to a 
present; with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body so as 
to strike the musket near the right shoulder. Corporals out of the 
ranks, and privates, not sentries, will salute in like manner; and when a 
soldier, without arms or with side arms only, meets an officer, he is to raise 
his hand to the right side of the visor of his cap, palm to the front, elbow 
raised as high as the shoulder, looking at the same time in a respectful 
and soldierlike manner, at the officer, who will return the compliment 
thus offered. 

A non-commissioned officer or soldier seated and without particu- 
lar occupation will rise on the approach of an officer and make the cus- 







LIEUT. J. FRANK EMMONS, CO. E 
LIEUT. LEWIS R. WHITAKER, CO. C 



LIEUT. THEODORE A. THAYER, CO. G 
LIEUT. WILLIAM S. BOND, CO. B 



CAMP MEIGS 63 

tomary salutalion. If standing, he will turn toward the officer for the 
same purpose. If the parties remain in the same place on the same 
ground such compliments need not be repeated." 

Sergeant G. C. Winsor of the Company of Cadets, Ist Division, 
Mass. V. M., has been appointed to act as Adjutant, and private Francis 
A. Dewson of Company A of the Forty-Fifth Regiment has been ap- 
pointed to act as Quartermaster of this Encampment, and they will be 
obeyed and respected accordingly. 

Doctor Cleveland, of Tisbury, has been appointed Acting Assistant 
Surgeon, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly. 

The Commanding Officer expects and believes that the conduct of 
the soldiers will be creditable to themselves and to the Commonwealth ; 
that the inevitable hardships of camp life will be cheerfully and 
patiently submitted to, and that rapid progress will be made in disci- 
pline and drill. 

By order of 

Capt. C. E. Codman, 
Com''g Eendezvoiis of 45th Mass. Vols. 
G. C. WINSOR, Acting Post Adjutant. 
Readville, September 12, 1862. 



RECRUITS FROM ALL THE WALKS OF LIFE. 

The recruits came, of course, from many classes and occupa- 
tions. A few had got some previous training either in the Militia 
or in the Home Guards which had been formed in many towns. 
These often had some military touches in their dress, and in their 
talk were ready to take almost any position, preferably one of 
command. Only the test of time proved whether they made 
better or worse soldiers than the rest. The majority were raw 
recruits, who came in their ordinary dress from their usual pur- 
suits, from the field and plow, the workshop, the factory and rail- 
road, the nautical trades, the country store and the city office, and 
were generally endowed with the patriotic spirit and sound quali- 
ties of character. The really bad element was but slightly repre- 
sented in our Regiment. The average morale in the Forty-Fifth 
and the Forty-Fourth was unexcelled by any other of the Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers. The very young men were numerous, and I 
believe there were a few who were past the age of exemption 



64 THE FORTY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

from service, but who had been enlisted through their manifest 
devotion and capability, capable also of " remembering to forget " 
the exact date of their birth. 

The formalities and restraint of army discipline were irksome 
at first to many of these free citizens, who were slow to realize 
the necessity of outward respect and prompt obedience to the 
officers over them, of whom some were their familiar acquaintances, 
and the need of precision and system everywhere in the machine 
of war which they were to form. Frequent and animated were 
the discussions and criticism on these points, wherein those of 
some prior experience were influential toward the contented sub- 
ordination that on the whole soon prevailed. Free men finding 
themselves voluntarily under despotic rule, each willingly gave 
up some personal rights for the general good. The confinement 
within the camp lines was relieved, particularly in the last week 
or two, by liberal allowance of brief furloughs so necessary to 
many who had enlisted at very short notice, and all were given a 
chance to settle their business and family affairs before a depar- 
ture which might know no return. 

REVEILLE AND THE BREAKFAST CALL. 

Though the line of hills on the eastern horizon somewhat 
delayed the sunrise, our morning rise was none the less early, and 
the daily round began with the sounding of reveille at five o'clock, 
when to the rattle of drums the men were mustered and formed 
in line by the first sergeants in the company streets to answer the 
roll call, or inside the barracks in foul weather. Then being dis- 
missed, they were busied in making up their bunks and putting 
everything about their quarters in proper order. Shortly came 
another signal from the drums, the welcome call to breakfast. 
For every meal, each man having a tin plate and cup provided by 
the Government, we marched in single file to the windows of the 
cook-houses, wherefrom ample slices of bread and meat, and the 
beans or rice, were passed to us, and our cups filled with tea or 
coffee. These beverages may not have been of the very best, 
but thinking of the vile decoctions we got soon after on board 
the transport, I am willing, at this late date, to call them first- 



CAMP MEIGS 65 

rate. The rations thus served were usually partaken of in-doors, 
and the meal made sociable in parties about the barracks. Soon 
after breakfast the drums were heard again, this time for guard- 
mounting to replace those on duty during the night, and a detail 
from each company were marched to the parade ground, the 
names of those to serve having been given out at roll call on the 
previous evening by the Sergeants. 

GUARD DUTY. 

It was at Guard Mounting that we got some of the best of 
our first lessons in method and promptness. The quick, sharp 
way of the Adjutant in inspecting our rifles made us soon expert 
in handling and catching them, to avoid bruised fingers or toes ; 
and when his critical eye found anything amiss in dress or equip- 
ment, the culprit was likely to be put upon the " police " detail to 
do scavenger work and dirty jobs, and wield a broom or rake 
instead of a musket for that day. The cordon of sentries around 
the camp, about forty yards apart, were relieved every two hours 
— easy duty compared to the tedious four hours on Provost Guard 
at New Berne afterward. Post One, at the main entrance, was a 
coveted place for its liveliness, but with duties more urgent and 
varied than at the other posts, for in pleasant weather the stream 
of visitors was unceasing all day. No raw recruit was stationed 
there except in the early days of such duty, when once a very 
verdant man at that post did not act and speak up aright, and 
the guard failed to turn out on approach of the Colonel. After 
that, such a man was posted at some other part of the line where 
a larger number denoted his post and his role was more simple. 

COMPANY AND REGIMENTAL DRILLS. 

The next movement, in suitable weather (not actual rain), 
was the Company Drill. The drum-beat for this brought each 
company out, and all, save the men on guard were drilled by their 
Captains or Lieutenants for the rest of the forenoon until the 
recall was sounded shortly before dinner-time. Then again the 
lines marched on the cook-houses to the clattering din on the 
glittering tin things, signals of the sharp appetites for the princi- 
pal feed of the day. The hour of noontide was the best oppor- 



66 THE FORTY-FIFTH liKGIMEXT, M. V. ^f. 

tunity for intercourse with visiting relatives and friends, and 
parents came to see their boys ; brothers, sisters and cousins, or 
wife and children of the recruit came, often bringing home-made 
dainties to add to the camp rations, and all dining together in 
groups about the barracks, — groups lively indeed to the casual 
eye and ear, but betraying tokens of natural anxiety more and 
more as the day of separation drew near. 

Our military training, so novel to most of us, was, in the 
pleasant autumn and on our own "native heath," much less ar- 
duous than the hard service we saw soon after in the enemy's 
country. Yet there was much to do and learn in the process of 
transforming new recruits into efficient soldiers. One principal 
work was, of course, the drilling; at first in marching and facing, 
by squads or by company, nearly every day and sometimes twice 
a day, and afterward in the manual of arms also. Strange to say, 
there was no target practice during our whole term, so that 
surely not one in ten of us was a fairly good shot with his 
weapon. The battalion and regimental drills, less frequent than 
the others, occurred in the afternoon under command of the 
Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel. Being very important ones the 
strictest attendance of officers as well as men was enforced by 
Colonel Codman, many of the former needing instruction and 
practice as much as the enlisted men. To the latter these occa- 
sions gave a certain satisfaction when their own tutors got a 
touch of the same discipline and reprimand undergone by them- 
selves. 

The first drills by the Colonel in person were, I think, on 
the fourteenth and fifteenth of October. These drills closed 
about half an hour before the dress parade, in time for all to 
appear there looking their best. The dress parade concluded the 
evolutions of the day, and was enlivened by music of the full 
band, and made interesting by the company reports of the First 
sergeants, and the reading of papers drawn from his belt by the' 
Adjutant, which might include marching orders or notice of a 
court martial, and confirm or refute the various rumors always 
afloat. Finally we march off, the band in advance, the companies 
going to quarters separately by tap of drum. The parade was 







LIEUT. AKIJAH HOLLIS 
LIEUT. THEODOKEC. HURD 



LIEUT. SAMUEL THAXTER, JR. 
LIEUT. BENJ. H. TICKNOR 



CAMP MEIGS 67 

followed by supper, and all except the guard were at liberty 
within the lines until "taps" at 9 P. M., when lights in the 
barracks must be put out. 

SOCIAL LIFE IN THE BARRACKS. 

The evenings were passed in recreative ways and lively 
scenes in the buildings were common. In some were music and 
dancing, or games of cards, etc. ; the familiar war songs of the 
time were sung by many voices, and the chorus being often 
caught up from one part to another, the whole camp rang with 
the inspiring strains. Religious meetings were also frequent in 
one or other of the buildings, and many joined in the services by 
speaking or singing. These were real union meetings, no one 
denomination prevailing. 

Permission to pass the lines was often given, and in the 
leisure parts of the day we had various diversions, such as going 
in swimming at the river or a pond near by, when the weather 
was warm enough, as on September 27, October 7, 8 and 9, with 
occasional football games (the Colonel did not join in these, 
though good at it when in college), and gymnastic feats, where 
the stouter muscle of the sailor-man was oft excelled by the slim 
civilian. Some took long pedestrian trips in the vicinity, and 
the band playing on top of the big hill one day. We were spor- 
tive enough, but not so much so as a regiment within one of us, 
which decorated its barracks with Chinese lanterns, flags, and 
many gay devices, mottoes and ornaments, and while in the ser- 
vice got up a song-book, newspaper, magazine, debating club, 
concerts, and even dramas, balls, masquerades, and opera. 

RELATIONS OF OFFICERS AND MEN. 

In due course of time officers and men became well ac- 
quainted with each other and with their several duties, and the 
espfit de corps grew to a unity of purpose and fellow-feeling in a 
common interest and ambition to win a good record for the 
Regiment. Of the large number who met at first as strangers, 
individuals were soon influenced by sundry affinities or contrasts, 
and attachments began which lasted through the campaign, at 
least ; or after often sharing each other's blankets and rations 



68 THE FOliTY-FIFTlI REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

and experiencing perils, hardship and adventure in the wild 
scenes of bivouac, march and battle together, resulted in friend, 
ships to be cherished during life. 

A VISIT FROM GOVERNOR ANDREW. 

On October 15th we were reviewed by Governor Andrew, who, 
with his staff and medical men, was on a tour of inspection of all 
the camps at Readville. • On the morning of the twenty-second 
the Regiment marched to the railroad depot to see off for New 
Berne the Forty-Fourth, which had been at Camp Meigs since 
August -29th. One pleasant Sunday morning our Regiment at- 
tended service at the Park Street Church in Boston, and heard a 
discourse by our Chaplain, Rev. A. L. Stone, who afterward 
became endeared to all. Our first marching drill with muskets 
was on October 27th. About the twenty-ninth a case of varioloid 
appeared somewhere in the camps, and a general vaccination was 
ordered. Each company of us filed to the hospital where every 
man received the lancet and virus in his arm — fortunate those 
who suffered no worse wound or disease during the service. This 
operation had its compensation for who those " took " it severely,. 
as they were excused from drill or got their leaves of absence at 
that time. On the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth the new rifles 
and some clothing, such as blouses, gloves, etc., were distributed ;, 
on the thirtieth the height, weight, and a detailed description of 
each man were recorded. 

MARCHING ORDERS. 

We were now under marching orders and it was known that 
our destination was North Carolina, not the Army of the Potomac 
as had been supposed. November 1, each man's gun was stamped 
with a number to identify it as his special charge to keep, and 
to maintain in prime order and a high state of polish. We were 
armed with the Springfield rifles. The Forty-Fourth carried 
Enfield rifles captured in a blockade runner. 

November 1st was a gala day. The Governor was again 
present with General Pierce, Commandant of the Post, and the 
grounds were e?ifete with our best display, and a throng of visitors- 
in carriages and on foot. The occasion was chiefly the presen- 



CAMP MEIGS 69 

tation of a handsome blue silk banner to the Regiment from 
ladies, personal friends of the officers. Most of those present 
were visiting us for the last time. 

GOOD-BY TO CAMP MEIGS. 

The final days here were busy with the preparation for leav- 
ing, and early in the morning of November 5th blankets were 
rolled up and knapsacks packed. Many trifles that had accu- 
mulated in our quarters had to be left, or were cast into the fires, 
where the camp kettles hung, cooking our parting meal. The 
sentries on their well-worn paths were relieved for the last time, 
and at ten A. M. the Regiment was ready to march. We left 
the fire still burning by the guard tent, where at night we had 
smoked our pipes and tended the potatoes roasting in the ashes 
for our midnight lunch, or, wrapped in our blankets, feet to the 
fire, had slept till aroused to go upon guard at our several posts. 

The deserted barracks remained in memory as the scenes of 
an active and mostly pleasant life, with comforts often lacking in 
camps occupied afterward. To the tunes of " Auld Lang Syne " 
and the like by the band, we marched to the station, whence the 
train bore us away about eleven A. M., and we embarked the 
same day, with the Forty-Sixth Regiment, on the iron steamer 
Mississippi for transfer to New Berne. 




from iSeatitjiUe to iQporel^eati Cttr, B. C. 

BY PRIVATE FRANKLIN H. DEAN, COMPANY A. 

OUBTLESS the least interesting portion of the ex- 
perience of the Forty-Fifth Regiment is the history 
of its trip from Readville to Morehead City, N. C. 
Not that the passage was devoid of incident, but be- 
cause it was evidently free from inspiration. Dull and eventless 
camp life sometimes becomes monotonous, but lying between 
decks in bunks, dark and comfortless, is stagnation. 

MARCHING ORDERS AND DEPARTURE FROM READVILLE. 

On the first days in November, it began to be rumored about 
Camp Meigs that " marching orders " had come. Many were 
the speculations as to the Regiment's destination, and various 
arguments were advanced to the effect that it must be, as each 
disputant presented his case, the Potomac, New Orleans, Texas, 
and New Berne. At last the official order was read at " Dress 
Parade " and general satisfaction seemed to prevail that New 
Berne was to be our destination. After this all was activity in 
our camp, and to the untried soldier it was the great question 
how all the accumulations of comforts of a month in camp could 
be transported in knapsack, haversack, or canteen, to a new camp 
facing the enemy in North. Carolina. The sequel proved that 
these accumulations must remain behind for the benefit of those 
who were to follow us in the occupation of the Readville bar- 
racks. The last evening in camp was spent as had been the cus- 
tom by the presence of many friends of the Regiment. " Taps " 
were sounded, and the boys slept for the last night where they 
first formed their army associates and friendships. On the 
morning of N o vember 5th, the Forty Fifth Regiment fell into line, 
equipped for the march, and went directly to the little station on 
the Boston and Providence Railroad at Readville, where they 
boarded the train for Boston. 

70 




.te»5» i *"•,,*,«» ^ . 




FRANKLIN H. DEAN, CO. A 



REABVILLE TO MORE HE AD CITY 71 

ARRIVAL IN BOSTON AND RECEPTION ON THE COMMON. 

After the usual delays attending such movements, the boys 
formed in line at the Park-Square Station, about noon, to march 
to the Charles-Street Mall on the Common. Drawn up in line 
to receive us, and accompanied by many past officers and mem- 
bers, was the Independent Corps of Cadets, who honored the 
regiment by performing escort duty for the day. Taking up the 
line of march, the Regiment came to a halt near the Beacon Street 
end of the Mall. The Parade Ground of the Common was roped 
off, and some five thousand or more people standing outside 
greeted the boys. The Boston Journal commenting said, " the 
men wore their new overcoats, and looked in fine condition." 
An abundant repast of sandwiches, cake and coffee had been 
prepared by Boston ladies, and appetites whetted by keen Novem- 
ber air caused those good things to disappear in a very brief time. 
Then those who were fortunate enough to have family and other 
friends present managed to bid them '* good-by. " 

Colonel Codman, having the natural and pardonable pride 
of a Bostonian in his own city, then put the Regiment through 
some manoeuvres to the delight and applause of friends gathered 
outside the ropes. Then, forming the men in a hollow square, 
the officers stepped to the centre and John A. Andrew, to be 
known in all history as the War Governor of Massachusetts, 
stepped into the square and presented the Regiment with the 
colors of the old Commonwealth. Among the many inspiring 
utterances coming from his lips. Governor Andrew said in part — 
" I know, whatever future may betide you, the people of Massa- 
chusetts will always maintain in their hearts the unfailing cer- 
tainty that the honor of the Commonwealth, the dignity of their 
own character, the fidelity of their own purpose will be fitly rep- 
resented whether in the police or morals of the camp, or in the 
sharp conflict of the battle-field; wherever your swords are 
drawn, louder than the din of battle, let your exulting shout 
crown the hour of Victory ; higher than our Eagle soars, let the 
flame of your patriotism ascend toward the skies and pure as 
the white field of the flag of the Commonwealth shall be the firm- 
ness of your patriotic loyalty. Go Sirs ! Go Gentlemen ! Go 



72 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Soldiers ! The sympathy of the old Bay State accompanies you 
to the field, and the prayers of good men whom you leave behind 
you shall attend in every conflict, and the blessing of God him- 
self be with you and our Holy Cause forever !" Colonel Codman 
said on receiving the colors, *'The future will tell you how much 
we deserve the enconium you have passed upon us." After 
this the Regiment, under the escort, passed off the Common, 
marching through Beacon, Tremont, Court, State and Commer- 
cial Streets to Battery Wharf where the transport steamship 
Mississippi lay waiting to receive our command. 

The sidewalks along the line of march were thronged with 
people, and the balconies and windows crowded with ladies who 
vied with each other in giving the Forty-Fifth Regiment evidence 
of their esteem and affection. The Transcript of that day said, 
"As the Cadet Regiment was marching through Tremont Street, 
Colonel Chickering's command, escorting the distinguished Gen- 
eral Banks, moved along Washington Street, affording an excel- 
lent opportunity of viewing both regiments." 

EMBARKATION FOR NORTH CAROLINA. 

On reaching Battery Wharf, a strong guard was placed to 
keep the public away, and as quickly as possible, the whole Regi- 
ment, and three companies of the Forty-Sixth, with line officers, 
baggage, horses, etc., were placed on board, and, as the sun de- 
scended below the New England hills, the huge transport swung 
into the stream and steamed down the bay to its anchorage in 
President Roads. During the night the wind came squarely round 
to the east, and in the morning a severe storm was raging. The 
steamers Mississippi and Merrimac, which now lay near each 
other, had been fitted up with bunks, three tiers deep, with nar- 
row aisles between the tiers, the whole space dmily lighted, and 
the means of ventilation anything but satisfactory. Added to 
this was the mysterious character of the rations dipped from a 
large caldron, and the tepid water, condensed for drinking, the 
tea, black in color and oily in taste, said by the growlers to be 
made from the black overcoats of our friends of the Forty-Sixth ; 



BEADVILLE TO MOEEHEAD CITY 73 

all this, with the rolling of the steamer, produced, in many, a 
nausea that was anything but romantic. 

This state of affairs continued for five days, until the writer's 
condition reminded him of the Hibernian woman who said, " By 
me faith, I lay spacheless, six wakes in the hot month of Arugust, 
fiat on me back, face downwards, and me only cry was — ' wather, 
wather'." Some of the men soon discovered that by taking one 
of the lanterns that shed its dim rays on the scene, ascending to 
the deck and passing down a narrow staircase forward, they 
could have it replenished with oil, and themselves replenished 
with an abundant supply of ice water. Never before in the his- 
tory of the lighting did lamps need replenishing so often ! The 
Boston yournal of the 8th, said, " So many men having been 
gathered together in a small space scarcely any of whom have 
been at sea, has been productive of considerable sea-sickness and 
suffering among the men, and it has been desirable and necessary 
to cleanse and purify the vessels before proceeding to sea. One 
private, named Snell, who was sick when the Regiment em- 
barked, died yesterday, and the body was brought to the city 
this afternoon." 

The following " General Order" was issued by the Adjutant 
General— "The Forty-Third, Forty-Fifth and Forty-Sixth Regi- 
ments Massachusetts Volunteer Militia on board the transports 
Menimac and Mississippi in Boston Harbor will be at once 
taken from their transports and placed in Forts Warren and 
Independence, and wherever accommodations can be found for 
them, where they will remain until the ships are cleaned of filth* 
and made ready again to receive the troops Colonel Codman 
of the Forty-Fifth will promulgate this order to the officers com- 
manding the Forty-Third and Forty-Sixth Regiments, and will see 
to the execution of it. General Schouler has gone down the 
harbor to personally attend to the condition of the men." The 
writer finds upon consulting the different authorities that this 
order was not carried out because of the unwillingness of the 
commanders of the forts above mentioned to receive the troops. 
The matter was finally adjusted by taking the Forty-Sixth Regi- 
ment to the city and quartering the men at Faneuil Hall. 



74 THE FOETY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Tht Boston Journal oi the 10th said, "The all prevailing 
topic of this week is the condition of the troops on board the 
Merrimac and Mississippi, and a great deal of anxiety is felt and 
expressed for the comfort of the troops. 

There are not two finer transport steamers in the employ of 
the Government than the Merrimac and the Mississippi." 

In ordinary weather the steamers could have carried the 
troops embarked on them much more comfortably than the 
British soldiers were transported. As soon as the facts of the 
above-named " General Order " were made known, Quartermaster 
McKim took possession of the steamer Saxon, Captain Matthews, 
of the Boston and Philadelphia line of steamers, that was to have 
sailed Saturday at four o'clock, P. M. The freight was dis- 
charged, and she was quickly made ready to receive the Forty- 
Sixth Regiment. On the 18th, there appeared in the city 
dailies a letter from Chaplain Stone in reference to a sensational 
article appearing in the Evening Express, which represented the 
Forty-Fifth in a state of open rebellion. He said, " No state- 
ment could have been more unfounded in fact. Their cheerful- 
ness, their harmony, their perfect obedience to orders, their un- 
murmuring consent to all that is disagreeable and trying in their 
situation, have been the delight and pride of their officers. 
There is considerable intelligence in these regiments, and not a 
few of the men are capable of wondering why they were hurried 
away from Readville, and packed on board a transport ship with 
hardly room to draw a long breath, to wait here four days for a 
convoy, the necessity for which was as well understood before they 
left as since. The commander of this vessel, the veteran Cap- 
tain Baxter, remarked to-day at table, ' Well, Colonel, I must 
give your men the palm above all I have yet carried, for orderly 
and peaceful conduct on board, because they have been through 
severer trials than any others.' " 

A pleasant incident associated with the Boston Harbor ex- 
perience is worthy to be recalled. When the Swampscott boys 
enlisted, they suffered in common with others while waiting to 
make their trip to the South. Captain Blanchard, learning of 
their state, came home and related it to the people. Immedi- 



BEADVILLE TO MOEEHEAD CITY 75 

ately he collected a large store of goods, among them being many 
barrels of apples, which the farmers supplied. The Captain took 
them to Boston over the water, during a terrific storm. It was 
so bad that the crew asked many times to return, and thought he 
was crazy to venture further. He kept on, and successfully 
landed his cargo, which was greatly appreciated by the boys. 

When the Forty-Sixth Regiment joined the rest down the 
bay on board the Saxon, the men were greeted with, " Did you 
dine at Parker's?" " How are the girls.'"' " Is Faneuil Hall in 
Dock Square now?" 

Aggravating replies of an exaggerated character were given. 
One had a good night's rest, but didn't sleep a wink. On the 
10th, the convoy Huyon having arrived, the fleet was, towards 
evening, at last ready to sail. Shortly after a signal from the 
warship, the AfississippiXtd oE the column followed by the Saxon 
a half mile distant, and close upon her was the Alernmac, and bring- 
ing up in the rear was the Huron, having on board ample means 
with a gallant crew to defend the fleet against Confederate 
cruisers. It was ordered that the fleet keep as close as possible 
to each other for the purpose of protection, should any danger 
occur. 

The next morning we sailed past Gay Head, and by noon 
were out of sight of land. On the 12th, the sea was rather 
rough for landsmen, and considerable sickness prevailed. On 
the 13th, the sea was again calm. In the evening many of 
the comrades were on deck singing when the light of Hatteras 
appeared. At an early hour, those on deck caught their first 
sight of the low coast of Carolina. Previous to this a suspicious 
craft had been seen, and the transports had lain by awaiting de- 
velopments. For this reason the vessels had changed position 
somewhat, the Aferrimac having the lead upon entering the har- 
bor of Morehead City, and taking on board the only pilot, she 
steamed towards the railroad wharf, closely followed by the Misiis- 
sippi, both making a chase for the first occupation of the wharf. 
Luckily for the Forty-Fifth, the Aferritnac struck a sandbar, and 
while struggling to get off, the Mississippi steamed by and 
reached the wharf in advance, much to the chagrin of the other 



76 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



fellows. Nearly nine days had been spent in our narrow quarters, 
and the men set foot on Confederate soil with the greatest 
pleasure, to face an enemy whose power they knew not, and the 
exigencies of battle that none could foresee. 




ALBERT \V. MANN, Co. A 





Camp amor^ on tl^c Ctcnt 

BY PRIVATE ALBERT W. MANN OF COMPANY A. 

N our arrival at Morehead City, North Carolina, 
November 14, 1862, there were no crowds of enthu- 
siastic friends to welcome us, but on the wharf were 
a few whites, whose cold and stony countenances 
seemed in accord with the bleak and dreary landscape of sand 
and water that stretched for miles on either side of us. We dis- 
embarked at four o'clock, clambered on to platform cars, and 
started on our forty mile ride to New Berne. As' we entered the 
woody district the signs on every hand indicated that we were in 
the enemy's country and that this railroad was closely guarded 
by our troops. There were numerous camps and picket stations, 
and here and there a blockhouse, commanding a road or a bridge. 
A swampy country extended for many miles on either side of the 
railroad track, covered with a heavy growth of pines, in whose 
depths were stores of tar and turpentine, about the only source 
of wealth in this desolate looking district. At eight o'clock that 
evening our train rolled over the long bridge which spans the 
river Trent, and we entered the town of New Berne. We were 
cold and hungry and appreciated the " hot coffee " provided for 
us by our friends of the Forty-Fourth, who had been awaiting 
our arrival. 

Our wing of the Regiment had been assigned quarters for the 
night in a government warehouse, and to many of the boys no 
feather bed on the old farm ever seemed so inviting and comfort- 
able as did those bags of oats on which we rested our weary 
bodies that first night in New Berne. We were up bright and 
early the next morning and took a brief stroll around the town, 
which we found to be pleasantly situated at the confluence of 
the Trent and Neuse rivers, its streets regularly laid out and 
shaded by graceful elms. Many of the old and well-to-do citizens 
left the town when it was taken by the Union forces, and their 

77 



78 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

large and handsome residences were taken possession of by the 
Government and occupied by the general officers of our Army 
Corps and the Provost Guard. 

The city was one vast camp with but few white civilians, 
A few enterprising citizens remained and did a thriving business 
in various lines, often making serious inroads on the pocket- 
books of the Yankee invaders. 

Before taking up the march for our quarters across the 
Trent, our Springfield rifles, which had been shipped to New 
Berne in cases were unpacked and delivered to the men. Then, 
in heavy marching order, we formed our regimental line and 
started for our camp ground, crossing the long railroad bridge 
and following the road along the edge of the river. On our way 
we passed the camp of the Seventeenth Massachusetts who were 
quartered in tents. They turned out eji wasse and greeted us with 
hearty cheers. After a tramp of a mile and a half, over a sandy 
road and under a hot sun, we reached the barracks assigned to 
us on the east bank of the river Trent. In my mind's eye I can 
see those long, rough wooden sheds, standing parallel to each 
other, and at right angles to the river, which we were to occupy 
and which would ever after be known to us as 

CAMP AMORY ON THE TRENT. 

In our fatigued condition it was a welcome resting place, a 
very haven of rest. In the rear of our barracks was the main 
road from New Berne to Beaufort, crossing the Trent at this 
point, over the county bridge, its approach guarded by Fort 
Gaston, a little earthwork. The river Trent formed one bound- 
ary of our camp ground. The officers' quarters were directly 
opposite, a short distance beyond the ends of the barracks. 
There were five rooms in each shed, one for each company. The 
detail for camp guard was made at once after our arrival and the 
guards posted. Then the command, " Break Ranks " was given 
and there was a grand scramble for bunks. The quarters for each 
company were roomy and comfortable, and a little later we each 
had large open fire-places around which we spent many pleasant 
hours in the long winter evenings. Our barracks occupied the 



CAMP A MOBY ON TUB TRENT 



79 



site of a former Confederate Cavalry Camp, and was originally a 
portion of a large cotton plantation, whose owner was an officer 
in the Confederate Army. Camp Amory received its name in 
compliment to Colonel Amory of the Seventeenth Massachusetts, 
commanding our brigade, which was composed of the Seventeenth, 
Twenty-Third, Forty-Third, Forty-Fifth and Fifty-First Massa- 
chusetts regiments. Our camp became more and more comfort- 
able and pleasant with every day's occupation, but we soon 
realized that our long holiday was over and we were now engaged 
in the stern duties of soldiers in the field. A pleasant memory 
in the early days of our camp life there, is a little excursion that 
twenty of us made to the brick mansion, once the home of the 
owner of the plantation, having been detailed to get bricks to 
build a chimney for our barracks. It was only a few minutes' 
walk from our camp. The mansion house was a sad ruin, the 
front wall nearly demolished, the windows broken, and the bats 
flying in and out. In front of the house was a lawn, once finely 
kept, which sloped gradually down to the river, and scattered here 
and there were some noble old trees. In the rear were the negro 
quarters, also a large cotton press and cotton gin, all going to 
decay. Under the shade of a holly tree was a tomb from which 
I copied the following beautiful epitaph : 

Here are deposited the remains of 

Gen. Kichabds Dobbs Spaight 

who departed this life on the 6th September, 1802 

Aged 44 years. 

He is gone, lamented by the good and revered by the brave. 

He is gone, loaded with thebonors of bis country and the bendictions of 
bis friends. 

So sleejis the brave who sink to rest 
By all their country's wishes blest. 
When Spring, with dewy fingers cold, 
Returns to deck bis hallowed mold; 
She there will find a sweeter sod, 
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. 



80 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

By fairy hands his knell is rung 
By forms unseen his dirge is sung, 
There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray, 
To bless the turf that wraps his clay. 
And Freedom shall awhile repair, 
And dwell a weeping hermit there. 

The tomb was built of brick, five feet high and twelve feet 
square, and there were the indications of a house having covered 
it at one time. History informs us that General Richards Dobbs 
Spaight was a delegate from North Carolina to the Convention 
which framed the Constitution of the United States, and he was 
one of the signers of that memorable document. 

One of the bright spots in our life at Camp Amory was the 
arrival of the steamer from New York, bringing the mail for the 
soldiers in the department. It came to pass that the names of 
those steamers, the Dudley Buck and Ellen S. Terry became as 
familiar as household words. On one occasion, soon after our 
arrival. Captain Denny entered the barracks with three hundred 
letters for the members of Company A. I seem to hear the sharp, 
clearvoiceofSergeant Barstowashe read off the names,andcan see 
the eager, expectant look on the faces of my comrades. They were 
tender, encouraging messages which came to us from the loved 
ones at home, and it was an inspiration to right action to know 
that our friends in New England were thinking of us, praying for 
us, and at the same time sending us so many substantial tokens 
of their affection, for the cargo of every steamer from New York 
was largely made up of boxes for the Massachusetts boys in the 
department, and we of the Forty-Fifth received our full propor- 
tion. They were full of just such eatables as our good mothers 
knew we were particularly fond of, every one expressive of deep 
love, while tucked away here and there was a leaflet, a paper, 
or a book, showing their anxiety for our mental and spiritual 
welfare. While these good things lasted, the sutler's business, 
was almost at a standstill. Occasionally some of us were favored 
with brief visits from relatives and friends from the North. At 
such times the rigor of military discipline was somewhat relaxed 
by our kind-hearted Colonel, and we were permitted to enjoy 
their society for a while. 



CAMP AMORY ON THE TRENT 81 

Life at Camp Amory proceeded according to strict military 
rules. When the "reveille" sounded there was no loitering in 
bunks, but an instantaneous gathering on to the floor of our bar- 
racks. Sergeant Barstow was a model of promptness and regu- 
larity, and in our opinion was one of the best Orderly Sergeants 
in the Regiment. His quick eye seemed to take in everything 
at a glance, and his clear ringing voice commanded instant at- 
tention. 

Three days after our arrival we had a "general inspection." 
We were ordered out in " heavy marching order " as if we were 
going to leave our camp. Some thought we were going to New 
Berne, but we were halted out on the plain, half a mile from our 
barracks, and were reviewed by Major General Foster and Staff. 
Early in December in obedience to orders from headquarters, 
Colonel Codman detailed two companies for special service. 
Company C went to Morehead City, and on the following day 
Company G, under command of Lieutenant Thayer, left for gar- 
rison duty at Fort Macon. Several of the officers and men were 
also detached from the Regiment for special service. Captain 
Joseph Murdoch of Company G, went on Colonel Amory's Staff 
as aid, and Lieutenant Dewson as Brigade Quartermaster, his 
place as Regimental Quartermaster being filled by Lieutenant 
Emmons of Company E. Lieutenants Richardson of Company 
A, and Blagden of Company I, went into the Signal Corps and 
never rejoined their commands. The men were variously dis- 
tributed, some on signal service, many as clerks at the various 
headquarters, assistants in the hospitals, teamsters, etc., thus 
materially weakening the Regiment in point of numbers by these 
heavy details. 

Colonel Codman was a thorough and persistent drill master 
and seemed determined that we should become proficient in 
every movement laid down in the " tactics," and the Forty-Fifth 
earn the name of being one of the best drilled regiments in the 
department. Company drills were always in order for the fore- 
noon, and in the afternoon regimental, and frequently brigade 
drills. There was an immense level field back of the officers' 
quarters, and Colonel Codman made the most of it, and we 



82 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

tramped many miles over it in our daily drills. Fortunately the 
weather was favorable for such active out-of-door exercise, the 
days being quite mild, like our Indian summer in New England, 
but the nights were cold and damp. We shall never forget those 
brigade drills on those burning sands in company with the 
Seventeenth, Twenty-Third, Forty-Third and Fifty-First Regi- 
ments, Colonel T. J. C. Amory in command. Colonel Codman 
in the regimental drills had a very plain and direct way of ad- 
dressing the line officers when they blundered, which greatly 
amused us " high privates " and increased our respect for his 
clear-sightedness. Just before sunset the day's duties closed with 
a dress parade, which was a very different exhibition from that 
given at Readville. Not only had the constant drilling improved 
the bearing and marching of the men, but our band, by constant 
practice had also made a great advance, and gave us some very 
good music. 

When the Seventeenth Massachusetts was detailed for Pro- 
vost Duty in New Berne, we were obliged by General Orders to 
furnish a detail for picket duty across the river. The prepara- 
tions for this service were as extensive as if we were bound on 
an expedition, instead of a simple bivouac for the night. It was 
quite a different duty from that on the Potomac, and was in 
some degree a relief from the monotonous daily round of camp 
life. There were six stations across the river under the com 
mand of a Corporal. The Picket Guard with rations and 
blankets went out one morning and were relieved the next. 
There was no expectation that an enemy would approach in that 
direction, and yet one night we had a practical example of its 
great advantage as told by Sergeant Barry in " The Sergeant's 
Story." When relieved from our ordinary camp guard we had a 
little target practice and the best shot was exempted from guard 
duty for a while. 

This routine of drill, guard and police duty, led many to 
think that our term of service would be an inactive one, but in 
the army, the " unexpected " frequently happens. These rigid 
drills and high state of discipline, were, after all, preparing us for 
the stern realities of war which we were to experience in a few 



CAMP AMOEY ON THE TRENT 83 

short weeks. These fears of inactivity were dispelled by rumors, 
which spread through the camp, that our Regiment would soon 
take part in an aggressive movement, and on the 8th of 
December, 1862, "Marching Orders" were read on "Dress 
Parade." 

Early in January, after our return from the Goldsboro Ex- 
pedition, we had a welcome visitor, in the shape of Uncle Sam's 
Paymaster, and we drew the munificent sum of $19.95, our pay 
from September 15th, to November 1st. The paymaster's table 
was between the two lines of barracks, and close at hand was the 
happy Sutler, who scooped in a good full portion of the cash, for 
he had given the boys a pretty full line of credit. The sudden ac- 
quisition of so much ready money, gave some of us a desire to 
spend a portion of it, and two of us secured passes to New Berne. 
We were tired of "hard-tack " and "salt-horse," and even of the 
excellent baked beans, with which company-cook Davenport 
used to regale us ; so we made a " bee-line " for Mrs. Morse's 
boarding-house on Middle Street, a restaurant well patronized by 
members of the Forty-Fifth. My comrades who have been there, 
will testify that it was a good dinner which she served to her 
patrons. The bill of fare included oysters, stewed chicken, ham, 
sausages, fish-balls, sweet potatoes, hoe-cakes, biscuits, and cus- 
tard pudding, all for fifty cents. She was thoroughly " Secesh " 
in her sentiments, and used her tongue freely, but her sarcasm 
never spoiled our appetites. After dinner we visited the 
Masonic Hospital, and saw several of our Regiment who were 
wounded in the recent battles. These little excursions to New 
Berne and to neighboring camps, were pleasant features of our 
army life. 

Our life at Camp Amory was full of incidents, amusing and 
entertaining. As we became better acquainted we took greater 
liberties with each other, and then the fun increased. It is no 
secret, that one member of Company A was pulled out of his 
bunk in the middle of the night, when he shouted with night- 
mare, rousing us all from sound slumber, then riding his night- 
mare he rushed out of the barracks onto the parade ground, fol- 
lowed by others, all in "undress uniform." The contrabands in 



84 THE FORTY-FIFTH BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

our vicinity of all ages, sizes and colors, and of both sexes, paid 
us daily visits in great numbers; and our camp was a veritable 
bonanza to them, for we were liberal purchasers of their pies, 
cakes, biscuits and sweet potatoes. There was old " Gatsy " 
with her sweet potatoes, pies and cakes, and "Caleb" with his 
long cotton bag full of dough bullets. They took our persistent 
and practical jokes good naturedly, knowing that we were their 
friends and protectors. Once in a while a runaway slave from 
within the Confederate lines found his way into camp, and would 
be taken before Colonel Codman. One came into camp just be- 
fore we started on the Goldsboro Expedition, who reported that 
since sunrise of the previous day, he had travelled from Jackson- 
ville, forty miles distant, and that there was a large Confederate 
force in that vicinity. A day or two after our return from the 
mud-march to Trenton, some of the results of that raid came 
straggling through our camp, a hundred or more contrabands, 
escaped from slavery. Once under the " Stars and Stripes " they 
could claim, and were entitled to our protection. 

THANKSGIVING DAY IN CAMP 

will long be remembered. The companies were formed during 
the forenoon, marched to the parade ground, formed battalion 
line, then hollow square, the men four deep. Colonel Codman 
then read Governor Andrew's proclamation, as follows: — 

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

BY HIS EXCELLENCY JOHN A. ANDREW, 

GOVERNOR. 

A PROCLAMATION FOR A DAY OF PUBLIC THANKSGIVING AND PRAISE. 

By and with the advice and consent of the Council, I do 
hereby appoint Thursday, the twenty-seventh day of November 
next, to be observed throughout this Commonwealth as a Day of 
Public Thanksgiving and Praise. And I do earnestly invite and 
request all the people of Massachusetts to set apart that day for 
the grateful and happy remembrance of the boundless mercies 
and loving kindness of Him, in whose name our fathers planted 



CAMP AMORY ON THE TRENT 85 

this Commonwealth, and to whose services they consecrated their 
lives and devoted their posterity. " The Lord has established 
His Throne in the Heavens and His Kingdom ruleth over all." 
He is the Sovereign Commander of all the world, in whose hand is 
power and might; which none is able to withstand, and to Him 
only belong ascriptions of glory, who isthe only Giver of Victory. 
Let our hearts therefore ascend higher than all the interests that 
entangle, all the doubts that bewilder, the passions that ensnare, 
and the prejudices that obscure, consenting to be led, illumed 
and governed by His infinite intelligence and love. In the med- 
itations of the House of Praise let us take comfort, and be thank- 
ful for the numberless manifestations of heroic and manly virtue, 
which, amid the distractions of War, in the duties of the camp, 
and in the perils of battle, have illustrated the character of the 
sons of Massachusetts, and for the serene and beautiful devotion 
with which her daughters have given the dearest offerings of their 
hearts to the support of their country, and for the defence of 
mankind. 

Let us not forget the bountiful bestowments of the year, fill- 
ing the granaries of the husbandman, and rewarding the toil of 
the laborer, the enterprise, thrift and industry of all our people. 

No pestilence hath lurked in the darkness, nor assailed us 
in the light of day. Calamity hath not overwhelmed us, nor 
hath any enemy destroyed. 

Rising to the height of our great occasion, reinforced by 
courage, conviction and faith, it has been the privilege of our 
country to perceive in the workings of Providence the opening 
ways of a sublime duty. And to Him, who hath never deserted 
the faithful unto Him " who gathereth together the outcasts of 
Israel, who healeth the broken in heart," we owe a new song of 
Thanksgiving. " He showeth His word unto Jacob, His statutes 
and His judgments unto Israel. He hath not dealt so with any 
nation." 

Putting aside all fear of man, which bringeth a snare, may 
this people put on the strength which is the Divine promise 
and gift to the faithful and obedient, " let the praises of God be 
in their mouth, and a two-edged sword in their hand." Not with 



86 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

malice and wickedness, but with sincerity and truth, let us keep 
this feast, and while " we eat the fat, and drink the sweet, forget 
not to send a portion to him for whom nothing is prepared." 

Let us remember that day the claims of all who are poor, 
or desolate, or oppressed, and pledge the devotion of our lives 
to the rescue of our country from the evils of rebellion, oppres- 
sion and wrong, and may we all so order our conduct, hereafter, 
that we may neither be ashamed to live, nor afraid to die. 

Given at the Council Chamber in Boston, this twenty- 
seventh day of October, in the year one thousand eight hundred 
and sixty-two, and the eighty-seventh of the Independence of the 
United States. John A. Andrew. 

By His Excellency the Governor with the advice of the Council. 

Oliver Warner, 

Secre/a/j. 

God save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ! 

After the reading of this Proclamation, Chaplain Stone made 
an earnest and fitting address, taking for his text the One Hun- 
dred and Forty-Sixth Psalm. 

At the conclusion of the Chaplain's address. Major Sturgis 
called for three cheers for home, and good old Thanksgiving, 
then three more and three more, all of which were given with a 
good will. Again forming our regimental line, we faced a newly 
erected flagstaff, and, at a given signal, the flag at the top was 
loosened and floated in the breeze; our band struck up "The 
Star Spangled Banner," and Colonel Codman called for three 
times three cheers for the " Stars and Stripes " to which every 
man responded heartily. We were then dismissed and had 
the privilege of passing our camp lines, keeping inside the 
picket lines. Long after " Taps " sounded that night we sat 
around the log-fire in our barracks, and thought and talked of 
home, and how we usually passed Thanksgiving Day in old 
Massachusetts. 

SUNDAY IN CAMP 

was not wholly a day of rest. In the forenoon, according to 
Army Regulations, there came an inspection, when our guns,. 



CAMP A3I0IiY ON THE TRENT §7 

equipments and uniforms must be in the best possible condition 
If the inside of the barrels of our rifles revealed an atom of dirt 
on the white glove of the inspecting officer, it called for a repri- 
mand. To prepare for this inspection occupied the most of our 
Sunday forenoon. At three o'clock the - Assembly " sounded 
for ''Divine Service." The band, stationed on the ''Parade 
Ground, played the air of some familiar hymn and we marched 
by companies forming a hollow square enclosing the field officers 
and the band. 

Then Chaplain Stone, with the same ease and reverence, that 
marked his manner in Park-Street Church, stepped forward, and 
with uncovered head, conducted the services, closed with the 
Doxology, "Old Hundred," sung by the whole Regiment 

The whole scene is photographed on my memory. I have a 
distinct recollection of a sermon he preached in January, 1863 
just after our return from the Goldsboro Expedition, and of the 
practica application he made of the text which was from Psalm 
b6:XI[I. "I will pay Thee my vows." His sermons were always 
interesting and of practical value. Without any long preamble 
he could touch and influence all hearts, and I am sure his 
memory is honored and revered by every man in the Regiment. 
Ihe loss of so many comrades in battle, and the illness of 
others, which in many cases proved fatal, naturally induced . 
deep seriousness among the members of the regiment 

Prayer meetings were held in the different company barracks, 
which were largely attended and very interesting. Many of the 
officers were in hearty sympathy with the movement, and some 
ot them, at times, conducted the meetings. 

A malarial fever carried off many of our comrades. In Sur- 
geon Kneeland's article on the Medical and Surgical Depart- 
ment he gives the cause of so much of the sickness at this time 
I have touched somewhat briefly on a few of the incidents 
and experiences which marked our life at Camp Amory 

As I have recalled them, doubtless many others have been 
in the minds of comrades, some of a personal, and some of a 
general nature, and perhaps more interesting than any here 
related, and more worthy a place in this Memorial Volume 



88 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Looking at the picture from this distance of time, there are 
many lights and but few shadows. We were young, hopeful and pat- 
riotic, and, as a rule, accepted the trials and discomforts of army 
life in a philosophical spirit. If there was a "silver lining to the 
cloud," we had a few buoyant souls who were sure to find it, 
and they inspired the rest of us, who took a more sombre view 
of things. 

I cannot close without alluding to the enlivening influence 
exerted upon us by those who possessed the gift of song. 

There were many splendid voices in our Regiment, and in 
those long winter evenings, when the log fire burned brightly in 
our barracks, and we gathered around it for warmth and sociabil- 
ity, those clear voices rang out, in songs that were comic, songs 
that were pathetic, songs that were patriotic, songs tender and 
sacred that carried our thoughts and hearts back to the old home- 
stead in dear New England. I believe they made us better, 
braver and truer men. The sharing of common dangers and 
hardships, bound us closely together in ties of comradeship. It 
is a peculiar tie which perhaps none of us can clearly define, 
but we do know that our hearts respond most quickly to a greet- 
ing from a member of the " Old Forty-Fifth." 

The soldier's life is one of change. In the Civil War he had 
no fixed abiding place. Therefore we were not surprised when 
orders were read on "Dress Parade," January 24, 1863, detail- 
ing our Regiment for " Provost Duty " in New Berne. 

And thus ended our ten weeks' sojourn at Camp Amory on 
the Trent. 




MAJ.-GEN. JOHN G. FOSTER, COMMANDING i8tH ARMY CORPS 
DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA 




(Bieneral %o]^n (5. fomv. 

UR Corps Commander, John G. Foster, Major Gen- 
eral of Volunteers, was a native of New Hampshire 
and born May 27, 1823. He graduated at West 
Point in 1846, and was appointed a brevet second 
lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers. 

Among his classmates were Generals McClellan, Couch, 
Gordon, Oaks, Reno, Stedman and Sturgis of the Union Army ; 
and Stonewall Jackson and Wilcox, of the Confederate Army. 
He served in the Mexican War, and was brevetted first lieuten- 
ant for gallantry at Contreras and Cherubusco, and as captain, 
for gallantry at Molino del Rey, where he was one of the party 
that stormed the Mexican works, and where he was severely 
wounded. In 18-54, he was Assistant Professor of Engineering 
at West Point, became a captain July 1, 1860, and was brevetted 
major, December 26, 1860. April 2S, 1858, he had charge of 
the fortifications in North and South Carolina, which duty he 
was performing when the Civil War broke but in 1861. 

He was second in command in the garrison of Fort Sumter 
under Major Robert Anderson, and participated in the defence 
of that fort. After its surrender he was employed upon the forti- 
fications of New York. October 23, 1861, he received a commis- 
sion as Brigadier-General of Volunteers, commanding a brigade 
in the Burnside Expedition to North Carolina, and took a lead- 
ing part in the capture of Roanoke Island and New Berne. 

After the capture of New Berne he was made Governor of 
the place. In August, 1862, he was commissioned Major-Gen- 
eral of Volunteers, and when General Burnside left North Caro- 
lina to join the Army of the Potomac, General Foster became the 
Commander of the Department, and on the creation of the Eigh- 
teenth Army Corps he was appointed to the command. 

The following despatch was sent by General Foster after 
the Goldsboro Expedition : 

89 



9 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. Y. M. 

Headquauters Department of North Carolina 

December 20, 1862. 
Major-General Halleck, 

General-in-chief, Washington. 
My expedition was a perfect success. I burned the railroad bridge 
at Goldsboro and Mount Olive, and tore up several miles of the track of 
the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. We fought four engagements, 
viz: at Southwest Creek, Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro, and 
whipped the enemy handsomely each time. 

(Signed) J. G. Foster, 
Brigadier-General Commanding . 

By a General Order dated New Berne, January 12, 1863, the 
following named officers were announced as constituting the Staff 
of the Major-General Commanding: 

Brigadier-General, Edward E. Potter, Chief-of-Staff ; Lieutenant- 
Colonel Southard Hotfraan, Assistant Adjutant-General ; Captain James 
H. Strong, Aide-de-Camp and Assistant-Adjutant and Inspector Gen- 
eral; Major J. L. Stackpole, Judge Advocate; Major John F. Andrews, 
Senior Aide-de-Camp; Major Edward N. Strong, Aide-de-Camp; Captain 
George E. Garrard, Aide-de-Camp; Captain Louis Fitzgerald, Aide-de- 
Camp; Captain Daniel Messenger, Provost-Marshal; Lieutenant- 
Colonel Herman Briggs, Chief- Quartermaster ; Captain J. C. Slaght, 
Assistant-Quartermaster; Captain Henry Potter, Assistant-Quarter- 
master; Captain William Holden, Assistant-Quartermaster ; Captain J. 
J. Brown, Assistant-Quartermaster; Lieutenant Joseph A. Goldthwaite, 
Acting Commissary of SubMstence; Lieutenant T. W. Farquhar, United 
States Engineer Corps, Chief Engineer ; Lieutenant M. F. Prouty, Act- 
ing Ordnance-Officer; Lieutenant J. Myers, United States Ordnance 
Corps; Surgeon F. G. Snelling, Medical Director. 

From July 15 to November 15, 1863, General Foster was in 
command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and 
from December 12, 1863 to February 9, 1864, he commanded the 
Department of the Ohio. This command he was obliged to relin- 
quish on account of severe injuries, resulting from a fall from his 
horse. After remaining on " sick leave " two months in Balti- 
more, he assumed command of the Department of the South, 
retaining it from May 26, 1864 to February 11, 1865. From 
August, 1865, to December, 1866, he commanded the Department 
of Florida. 



GENERAL JOHN G. FOSTER 91 

He was made Lieutenant-Colonel in the Engineer Corps of 
the Regular Army, March 7, 1S67, and brevetted Major-General 
of the Regular Army. He was mustered out of the Volunteer 
service September, 1866. " After thirty-two years of continuous 
service he retired to his home in Nashua, where, suffering for six 
months as a consumptive (a disease which had carried off most 
of his family) he died September 2, 1874, and was buried with 
military and civic honors due his rank and services. 

" It was his fortune to hear the first gun that ushered in the 
Civil War, and when at its close the news arrived in Florida of 
the surrender of Lee and Johnston, he was still pressing maraud- 
ing bands infesting that State." We take the liberty of quoting 
here the excellent tribute to his memory and services, by the 
Historian of the Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts Regiment. 

" Major-General Foster was regarded as one of the most ac- 
complished, brave and prudent officers in the army, and during 
his long and varied service never suffered a defeat on the field. 

** He was endowed with wonderful foresight and fertility of 
resource, enabling him to provide for any emergency, so that his 
troops never were found in false or fatal positions. This was in 
part due to his military training, and in part to a trait asserting 
itself in all his acts, that what was worth doing at all was worth 
doing well. As a result, whatever field he entered, he became con- 
versant with all its features and detail. As engineer on the coast 
defences of North and South Carolina, previous to the war, he 
had not only acquainted himself with the fortifications, but the 
topography of the surrounding country during the Rebellion. As 
commander of New Berne he built its fortifications so well that 
though the enemy several times drove the garrison into the in- 
trenchments they never dared assault them. John G. Nicolay, 
private secretary to President Lincoln, commenting on the bom- 
bardment of Fort Sumter thirty-six hours, without the loss of a 
single life, says, ' Captain Foster, the accomplished engineer of 
the fort, by many expedients known to military science, had 
pushed its defences to a state of relative completeness, with the 
limited means within the fort. Most of the embrasures of the 
lower tier of casemates were closed, and here the garrison were 
securely housed.' 



92 THE FOBTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, 31. V. M. 

" His nature was more inclined to aggression than defence. 
By restless activity with a small force, he was able to inflict seri- 
ous losses upon a larger one, and by surprises and reconnois- 
ances, to hold them constantly on the defensive. He was a strict 
disciplinarian ; but his genial nature cultivated a most cordial 
relation with subordinates. His wise, humane, and yet deter- 
mined course, secured the fear and respect of both friends and 
foes. 

His remains now rest in the Nashua Cemetery, a plain 
marble shaft, bearing the following inscription, marks his last 
resting place : 

To my Husband, 

John Gray Foster, 

Lieut. Col. U. S. Engineers, 

and 

Brevet Maj. Gen'l United States Army, 

Died at Nashua, 

Sept. 2, 1874. 

Aged 51. 

Post No. 7, Grand Army of the Republic, Nashua, N. H., 
has the honor of bearing his name. 




COL. T. J. C. AMORY, COMMANDING I7TH REGT. MASS. VOLS. 
ACTING BRIGADIER GENERAL 



Colonel C 3|. C. amort- 

From Army and Navy Journal, Octobei 22, 1864. 



® 



i^2^^°^HE Army will read with deep regret the announce- 
i^H(jf \ ment of the death, at New Berne, N. C, on the 6th 
instant, of Colonel T. J. C. Amory, late of the 
Seventeenth Massachusetts Volunteers, and the 
Seventh Infantry. His disease was yellow fever, which reached 
a fatal termination a few days after the same malady had de- 
prived him of his devoted wife. 

Colonel Amory was graduated at the Military Academy in 
1851, and was assigned to the Seventh Infantry, in which he ob- 
tained a first lieutenantcy in 1855, and in 1861, a captaincy. In 
the latter year he was appointed colonel of the Seventeenth Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers, with which regiment he took part in Burn- 
side's North Carolina Expedition, where he remained stationed 
up to the time of his death. 

Colonel Amory was a quiet, unobtrusive, cultured gentle- 
man, and in every respect a fine soldier. During nearly the 
whole of his service in North Carolina, he was in command of a 
brigade or a sub-district equal to a brigade. He had been fre- 
quently recommended to promotion to volunteer rank more pro- 
portionable to the importance of his command and his worth as 
an officer, but for some reason he failed to obtain what was 
generally felt to be his due. But to one of Colonel Amory's tem- 
perament who was far more devoted to duty than to fame, the 
absence of the star from his shoulder was no great source of dis- 
content or uneasiness. He earned what was better than rank, 
the respect and confidence of every comrade, officer and soldier 
in his command. 




Cl^e Signal Corp^. 

BY GEORGE W. ESTABROOK OF COMPANY A. 

Entrance into the Corps. 

NE day while at Camp Amory on the Trent, I had a 
summons from Lieutenant Pond of Company A, and 
on reporting, was told by him that a detail would 
soon be made from our Company for the Signal 
Corps and he asked me if I would like to be detached for that 
service. I had an old college friend in the Corps, and a member 
of another Massachusetts Regiment, a man whom I knew intim- 
ately and liked extremely. From what I had learned, it seemed 
as if there would be more liberty of action, that I could see and 
do more than would be possible as a private in the line, that the 
life would be more full of adventures than ordinary service. 

I concluded to accept the offer, telling the Lieutenant that 
if he and the Colonel thought the Rebellion could be put down 
more easily and efficiently, I was willing to be detached for the 
service, and I reported at once for duty at the Corps Head- 
quarters in New Berne. I don't remember where our officers 
were quartered, but we men were in an old building, which was 
used at one time as an undertaker's or a carriage-builder's shop, 
and located on one of the main streets of the town. It was a 
loose-jointed old structure, not nearly as tight as our barracks 
at Camp Amory, and no way of warming it except by a sheet-iron 
stove, and I recall how bitter cold it was there. 

There were no commissioned officers there with us, but we 
all were in charge of one of the older men. There was no " Guard 
mounting" nor visible authority, and everything was done in a 
" go as you please " manner. The instruction and drill in our 
duties were given by older men, and but a short time was required 
to give us a fair inkling of their- scope and to remove any illu- 
sions with which we regarded them, and our privileges and op- 
portunities. In regard to illusions. First, L supposed we were 







CORP. AUGUSTUS S. LOVETT, CO. A 
GARDNER GILMAN, CO. A 



GEORGE W. ESTABROOK, CO. A 
THOS. W. SHAPLEIGH, CO. A 



THE SIGNAL COB PS 95 

a mounted body, and so I believe we should have been, but there 
were not horses enough to go around, and thus I never had one. 
To be sure I did not know how to ride, and it was therefore just 
as well for me that I did not become a cavalryman, but I never 
regretted not being mounted. My • friend Bancroft on the 
strength of the reputation the Corps enjoyed of being mounted, 
got on tick from the Sutler or some other person, a fine pair of top- 
boots, with spurs, and that was as far as he got, for he never had 
a horse, at least not while I was in the Department of North 
Carolina. He used to walk about a great deal, with those boots 
on, and presented a very gallant and martial appearance. 

For arms, we had Colt's revolvers. I don't think I ever had 
occasion to fire mine. For uniform, cavalry jackets, as well as 
ovfr usual regimentals, and cavalry trousers, with reinforced seats. 
The privileges of the Corps were quite substantial, as the Corps 
jackets commonly passed us all over the city during the day, and 
a written pass was easily obtained, running for an indefinite 
time. I do not think I was ever turned back by a sentry for 
want of a pass. We went out when we liked, and where we liked, 
after we had learned our work, doing pretty much as we chose, 
which was a very pleasant change from the monotony of camp. 



THE FLAGS, TORCHES AND MANNER OF SIGNALLING. 

I presume you are more or less familiar with the tools of our 
branch of the service, and to some extent with the method of 
their use, but a brief description may be of interest, and there may 
be some points you do not know about. Signalling with us was 
done by flags and torches, as messages were sent by day or night. 
The flags were of two sizes, four feet and six feet square, and 
were on jointed poles, twelve and sixteen feet in length. The 
flags usually had a colored square in the centre to distinguish 
them, I suppose, from other flags which might be used in the exi- 
gencies of the service. 

Night work was done with torches attached to staffs, similar 
to those used with the flags. Beside the swinging torch, another 
and a larger one was placed on the ground before the operator to 



96 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

indicate his position, and help in reading the motions by afford- 
ing a fixed point relative to the swinging torch. The large torch 
held about two quarts, and the swinging torch about half as much. 
We used camphene for filling them, and had a gallon canteen 
for carrying it. The grounded torch was not to be let go out while 
a message was being sent, and filling such a one from a gallon 
canteen while a high wind was blowing, was often a necessary, and 
always a rather unpleasant incident of the night work. 

The harder the wind blew the larger the flag had to be, as 
in a wind, it would double over itself and reduce the field ex- 
posed to the watchers at the other stations. Officers, of course, 
had field glasses for field work, but on stations, large spy glasses 
were used, which were fixed in place when the stations were far 
apart, as it would be hard to train them accurately. If the 
stations were not too distant from each other, the glasses could 
be lined by fixed marks in the home stations. I believe it is 
claimed that signalling has been done between points more than 
twenty miles apart, although I never saw it done. I have known 
of it being done between stations a dozen miles apart. 

The first day after I reported for duty, I was taken into the 
yard back of our quarters by one of the old men, who gave me a 
flag and told me I must take position holding it erect before me, 
and when he called " One ! " I must move it in a quarter circle to 
my left and return it to the upright position. This was a con- 
tinuous movement, without pausing when the flag was at its 
lowest point. The order " Two ! " required a corresponding 
motion to my right. There could be a I and II and a III and 
nil made by making one, two, three or four of these left hand 
movements. There could not be a 12, though there might be a 14, 
which was made by the movement over a quarter circle to the 
left, and then by a half circle to the right. So 23 was made to 
right a quarter, and then to the left a half circle. Thus we 
obtained 1 — 14 — 142 or 143 — 141 without our making in fact 
more than four arcs of circles. At any time we were able to get 
thirty different and easily distinguishable movements, furnishing 
one for each letter in the alphabet, and four which were used 
for abbreviations, such as " ing " or "tion." There were com- 



THE SIGNAL CORPS 97 

binations of five arcs used for numerals, but this was very seldom 
done, it being as easy and quick to spell the words out as to em- 
ploy them. 

There was another set of motions consisting of dropping the 
flag to the front. These were called 5 — 55 — 555, and they were 
employed to mark the end of a word, of a sentence, and of a mes- 
sage. The call to attract the attention of an observer was made 
by a continuous waving of the flag or torch from one side to the 
other until noticed and acknowledged by a similar swinging. Of 
course in signalling the operator faced the observing station, as 
otherwise the direction of motion could not be well distinguished 
by the observer. As you will realize, a constant watch had to 
kept up by day and by night at all stations, changing the eye 
from glass to glass, or point of the compass to point of the com- 
pass at short intervals. ^ 

When we entered the Corps the idea prevailed that the 
privates were not to be instructed in the meaning of these vari- 
ous movements. 

" Ours not to reason why, 
Ours but to do, or die ; " 

or at any rate, ours was simply to obey orders. I suppose the 
theory was that a private would be more likely than an officer to 
betray the code, as it was called, that is, to tell the enemy what 
the motions meant, or perhaps to tell one another or others of 
our soldiers. This, I think, was very silly for reasons I will state. 
In the first place we soon found out that the older men knew the 
code perfectly, and could read the messages with ease whenever 
they could see them ; but they could not tell us new men any- 
thing. I never knew whether this was because of jealousy of us 
or to retain their superiority, or whether they were ordered to 
observe such reticence. The principal objection to such a course 
was its absolute futility. It is true that to the uninitiated spec- 
tator who saw the swiftly moving flags, or watched the gleaming 
lines of light, the whole thing looked very complicated and 
mysterious, but it is in fact very simple, unless a cipher is used 
far more complicated than the system employed while I served, 
and requiring a key for its translation. Where a symbol is con- 



98 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

stantly employed in place of a letter, the possession of a hundred 
or so words used consecutively in a communication is enough to 
work out a translation in a very short time. I think I could do 
it in a half hour or so. 

Everyone has noticed how much more frequent the use of 
some letters is than others. Then the short words of common 
occurrence used, all contain at least one vowel, so from the little 
words, the "its," "has," "at," and " ises," one can soon deter- 
mine which are the vowels, and after half a dozen letters are 
learned, the rest is very easy. For this reason, I say, unless a 
pretty complicated cipher is used, the communications are easily 
read by any intelligent friend or foe who is in a convenient loca- 
tion and is willing to take a little trouble. My friend Ingraham 
and I soon puzzled the whole thing out. I believe we first deter- 
mined the meaning of 5s, indicating, as I said, the end of a word, 
sentence, or message. If I remember right, we next noticed that 
the preliminary orders were usually first — 1 and then 14 then 5. 
This we guessed meant, as it actually did, " To " with the address 
of the message. "To" Captain "so and so," or Lieutenant 
"such a one." We never wrote anything down, but would re- 
member the series of numbers between two fires (?) and try and 
piece ovit the word with what we already knew and guessed. 
I think we had it all in a fortnight. There were at that time, in 
all probability, messages sent in cipher, but I never knew of one 
to be used after I had picked out the code. I could always tell 
what the oflficer was sending as well as if he had handed it to me 
in writing, or told it and left me to send it. I remember one of 
the new officers calling the letter by name instead of its number 
once or twice like this "t," number "one." Of course we all 
remembered such give-aways. 

I surprised one of the old men once by translating for him in 
a very short time, a page he had written down with a variation of 
meaning of numbers from that on the code. He thought it could 
not be done. Of course, as we got informed in our duties, we 
found things pleasanter, especially after we got so familiar with 
the code that we could tell the message sent. Occasionally we 
had news of interest. I was on .duty one night in South Caro- 



THE SIGNAL COBPS 99 

lina when a vessel came into Hilton Head Harbor, and the signal 
officer on board called up a station at headquarters, not my sta- 
tion. I was so located that I could see the torch motions per- 
fectly well, and read that the monitors had crossed the bar into 
Charleston Harbor. Sometimes we caught an officer tripping in 
his grammar, or spelling, at which we were amused, and felt our 
self-complacency restored in some degree ; and that leads me to 
say that I thought then, and still believe, we could have officered 
the corps from the ranks fully as well as it was officered. 

The men were a very intelligent set, more so than the 
average Massachusetts companies I think, and you must bear in 
mind that the corps was made up from regiments from almost 
everywhere. We had men from New York, New Jersey, Connec- 
ticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and some from the Western 
States. One, a Pennsylvania Dutchman, a solid-looking man, but 
very bright, stayed in the corps and, I believe, rose to a Cap- 
taincy. He went on the Goldsboro Expedition and came back 
leading a blind mare which belonged to some rebel general, and 
which he gave to one of the officers who sent it North, using it 
for breeding purposes, as it was a very fine animal. It was said 
that he took a rebel Major or Colonel prisoner on the Goldsboro 
Expedition. He rode up to him and demanded his sword, and 
on getting that said, " Now give me your haversack," and he got 
that too, with cookies in it. He was a fine cribbage player, and 
I played many a game with him. Rogers was a capital man. 
He was frequently sent on duty alone, or with a man or two under 
him. No officer was more expert than he. Hardy of the corps 
was a bright old man. He had been on a New Bedford whaler 
in the Pacific for a long time, and could speak the Spanish lan- 
guage quite fluently, having picked it up in the South American 
ports. 

I found the old men of the corps very good fellows, and we 
had a mutual liking for each other. Since the war, we have 
formed a Signal Corps Organization, and have an annual dinner 
for the New England Branch. My service in it was not very 
extensive. When the Goldsboro Campaign took place I was just 
being instructed in my duties, and the older men were so much 



100 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

more experienced, they were sent and I was left behind in New 
Berne. After that, there was nothing of that nature in North 
Carolina. 

In January I was sent with two or three other men under a 
Lieutenant down the railroad towards Morehead City. We were 
told to take three day's rations and our blankets, expecting to be 
gone only two or three days. Our station was set up on a stilt- 
like scaffolding, straddling the railroad where it made a curve, 
so we could look either way along the line. It was a very swampy 
and desolate place. Nearby was a block-house occupied by a 
company, or part of a company from one of our regiments. It 
was here I first saw blood shed. A soldier in the block-house 
shot a pig and gave me a piece of the meat. This was ihejirst, 
and also the lasthXood I saw shed. This, however, was my good 
luck, and not due to the nature of the service. I believe that 
members of the Signal Corps were rather more exposed to capture, 
or being picked off by sharpshooters or guerillas, than those 
engaged in other branches of the service, for the nature of the 
duty requires that they should frequently be put into isolated 
positions with insufficient support, and their swinging flags and 
torches were an advertisement of their position by day and night, 
while an enemy, of course, feels that gobbling a post may seri- 
ously cripple his antagonist. 

I remember that at this station we sent messages as to the 
arrival at Morehead City of government transports and ships of 
war This was impressed upon me, because from there we were 
ordered direct to Morehead City and sent to Hilton Head, 
South Carolina, on the transport Guide with the Twenty-Fourth 
Massachusetts. I thought the men of that regiment a pretty 
tough set. We had no ^opportunity to get our things from New 
Berne, and we went to South Carolina with only what we had on, 
and blankets, except perhaps an extra pair of stockings and 
handkerchief or so. After landing, we were sent off into camp, 
and on station, and as the paymaster did not get around and we 
had no credit with any sutler, we had pretty hard times. While- 
there I had a slight attack of fever, but not enough to send me 
to the hospital. After being there five or six months, I was sent 
back to New Berne, and rejoined the regiment. 



THE SIGNAL CORPS 101 

In regard to the utility of the corps, I would say I believe 
it capable of being made of extreme advantage, if properly 
officered and manned. It should have for its officers not only 
good soldiers, capable of observing what is going on in the field 
and judging of the presence, movements and plans of the enemy 
from the indications which present themselves, but they should 
be men of scholarship and acuteness enough to readily use a 
pretty complicated cipher system, not easily puzzled out and 
capable of quick change. Such systems exist, but require ability 
of a peculiar kind in the officer using them, and I think a special 
education should be pursued by the practitioner. Of course in the 
field a single code must be used, as the information must be im- 
mediately available, and equally, of course, it is often of little 
importance if the enemy does know what is being said. When 
Sherman signalled Corse, and Corse sent his famous reply that 
he would hold the Fort, the facts so communicated were enough 
for each of them, and the Confederates might have known them 
without detriment to the communicants. Then in the attacking 
of fortified places, the attack on the fortifications of New Orleans 
by Farragut, for instance, the artillery fire was directed and 
regulated without its being necessary for the attacking vessels to 
expose themselves to the fire of the forts. Signalling, bear in 
mind, can be made like the eye or the ear. It bridges impassable 
spaces, and moves with the rapidity of sound and light. I regard 
a well disciplined and intelligent organization for this purpose 
as indispensable in modern warfare by sea or land, and I have 
no doubt such advances have already been made, that another 
war would find our forces far more completely and efifectively 
assisted by it than it was while I was a member and knew of its 
operations. 




©croic w>tm of i^ctoic j^acn — Cl^c 
cEjcpctiitton to CD^olDisboro 

BY JOHN S. C. ABBOTT. 

From Harper's New Monthly Magazine December, 1864, published by 

permission. 

N Tuesday, the 9th of December, 18(52, a division 
of the army in North Carolina under General 
John G. Foster, received orders to put three days' 
rations in their haversacks, and prepare for an im- 
mediate march ; but where they were not informed ; neither was 
it supposed to be any of their business to inquire. Blind, un- 
questioning obedience is the law of the army. The rising of the 
sun on Thursday, the 11th, found these troops vigorously on the 
move from New Berne, directly west, towards Goldsboro, along 
what is called the Trent Road, a road running a few miles west 
of the River Trent and almost parallel with it. The force con- 
sisted of four brigades, composed of nineteen regiments. The 
line of march was formed by two hundred cavalry in advance ; 
then followed the several regiments of cavalry, infantry, and 
artillery, while the rear was composed of one hundred and fifty 
baggage wagons. The entire line, in easy marching order, ex- 
tended about five miles, filling the whole road. 

It was a splendid wintry morning, mild and serene. As the 
vast army was beheld from an eminence moving along the wind- 
ing road, with the fluttering of innumerable banners, and the 
gleam of burnished arms, the sight inspired the most phlegmatic 
with enthusiasm. The army numbered in all thirteen thousand 
infantry, eleven hundred cavalry, with fifty-one pieces of artillery. 
The troops that day marched eighteen miles over a heavy, sandy 
road, with occasional sloughs to wade, and, as night approached, 
they prepared for their encampment in a large plain of about 
three hundred acres, which they found opened in the forest. 

As the twilight faded away hundreds of camp-fires, brilliant 



HEROIC DEEDS OF HEBOIC MEN 103 

with the blaze of the resinous pine, lighted up the scene with 
wondrous beauty. The soldiers drank their hot coffee from 
their tin cups, ate their frugal supper of hard bread, and the camp 
resounded with jokes and laughter as the most of them threw 
themselves down for a shelterless bivouac, with the sand for a 
mattress, and a knapsack for a pillow. Wearied with the long 
day's march the reign of silence soon commenced. All of the 
men were provided with rubber blankets which they spread 
upon the ground. Over that a woolen blanket was spread. And 
then, three cuddling together, with their feet to the fire and with 
their united three blankets and three overcoats spread over 
them, enjoyed more luxurious slumber than is usually found in 
ceiled chambers and on beds of down. 

At five o'clock the next morning, Friday, the 12th, the 
drum beat the reveille, roused all from their slumbers. It was 
a bitter cold morning, so cold that the water in the canteens of 
the soldiers was found frozen. The icy ground seemed solid as 
a rock. The fires, from piles of pitch-pine, were immediately 
brightly blazing, the ever-welcome coffee was boiling, and after 
their breakfast of hard bread the soldiers were again upon the 
move. Marching rapidly along a level country covered with pine 
forests, and where few dwellings were found, at noon they reached 
a road turning nearly at right angles to the north. This road 
led directly to Kinston, one of the most important towns in. 
North Carolina, situated on the northern bank of the Neuse, 
about forty miles above New Berne. The soldiers by this time 
had supposed that Kinston was their destination. But much to 
their surprise, they found that they were not guided upon that 
road, but leaving it on the right, pressed directly forward in a 
westerly course. The soldiers subsequently ascertained that 
which the officers already knew, that half-way between this cross- 
ing and the town of Kinston, there was a stream called South- 
west Creek, where the rebels, in anticipation of an attack, had 
erected formidable intrenchments. 

General Foster, one of our boldest and most efficient 
officers, sagaciously sent forward a small force of cavalry to de- 
ceive the rebels by the feint of an attack upon their elaborate 



104 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

works at the creek. At the same time the main body pressed 
vigorously forward on the road towards Goldsboro, and with the 
setting sun sought their second night's bivouac, having effected 
a march of nearly twenty miles. The wearied soldiers, after a 
hurried meal, again threw themselves on the frozen ground and 
slept soundly. Scarcely had the morning dawned ere the beat of 
the drum aroused the slumbering host. They replenished their 
waning fires, in haste prepared their breakfast of fragrant coffee 
with hard bread, and at six o'clock the tramp of armed men and 
the rumbling of carriage-wheels again resounded through the soli- 
tude of the forest. All day long they continued their march, 
until about the middle of the afternoon, when, having passed 
several miles beyond Kinston, they came to another cross-road, 
which at a very sharp angle led back, in a northeasterly direc- 
tion, toward that city. 

The head of the long column turned sharply round and en- 
tered this road. By it they could cross the Southwest Creek at a 
point farther up the stream by a bridge which was feebly de- 
fended. The rebels, however, fearing this movement, and yet 
not daring to vacate their inlrenchments on the main road, had 
sent forward a small force and burned the bridge. They had 
also placed two 1'2-pounders on an eminence on the north side of 
the creek, to prevent the reconstruction of the bridge or the 
floating of pontoons. Here the Union troops were brought to a 
stand. While the advance of the column waited for the artillery 
and the wagons to come up, pioneers were sent forward, under 
strong protection of artillery and musketry, to attempt to rebuild 
the bridge. 

The creek was here but a few rods wide, with somewhat pre- 
cipitous and densely-wooded shores. The road from that point 
to Kinston, a distance of about fourteen miles, ran all the way 
through an almost unbroken forest. A few pieces of Union ar- 
tillery were sent ahead, to engage the attention of the rebel bat- 
tery, while the Ninth New Jersey Regiment secretly forded the 
stream above and below, and rushed upon the hostile cannon 
from either flank so impetuously and unexpectedly that guns, 
horses, and men were all taken, almost before there was any con- 
sciousness of danger. 



HEROIC DEEDS OF HEROIC MEN iQS 

It was Saturday night, the third day of the expedition 
Again the troops bivouacked in the open air, but all night long 
working parties of engineers and pioneers were busy rebuildino- 
the bridge. Before the dawn of Sunday it was completed, and ^t 
five o clock the troops were again upon the march. As before a 
body of cavalry led the advance along the narrow road, with pine 
forests on either side. They frequently encountered the pickets 
of the enemy, and in slight skirmishes, easily dispersed them. 
The cavalry was followed by a strong body of artillery, who 
shelled the woods wherever there was any suspicion that the foe 
might be lurking. 

It will be remembered that the line of the army, filling the 
whole capacity of the road, occupied an extent of about five miles 
At nine o'clock in the morning those in the rear of this lon^ 
column heard the roar of the artillery among the advance, shot 
answering shot. It announced that the enemy had been found 
and It sent an electric thrill through the eager host. Every man 
pressed forward. The whole army soon found themselves in a ' 
clearing of the woods of about twenty acres, on the right-hand side 
^ of the road. There was here opportunity for the army to deploy 
and make ready for action. The enemy were so effectually con- 
cealed in the woods that not a man could be seen; and their 
batteries, commandingly posted under the protection of an ap- 
parently impassable swamp, were constantly pitching their 
shells over the tree tops into the midst of our advancing troops 
Six Parrot guns were brought forward by the patriots and placed 
in position to return the fire. It was a blind battle of invisible foes • 
but the two hostile parties had discovered each other's position' 
and bloody scenes were at hand. 

The Ninety-Second and Ninety-Sixth New York Regiments 
filed into the woods on the left of the road, to charge the rebel 
batteries on their right flank. The Ninth New York plunged 
into the woods on the right of the road, to advance upon the 
batteries under shelter of the thicket, between the road and the 
swamp. The Forty-Fifth Massachusetts rushed boldly into the 
swamp Itself, and toiling onward through a tangled net-work of 
roots and stumps, and up to their knees in mire, sought to trav 



106 THE FOHTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

erse it, that they might attack the batteries on their left flank. 
The swamp was densely covered with huge old trees, whose 
gnarled roots were twisted in all possible contortions beneath the 
ooze and slime of the bog. But a few moments elapsed before the 
whole forest was alive with the rattle of musketry, for the heads 
of each of these divisions had met the foe. Our troops keeping up 
a constant fire, steadily advanced, driving the rebels before them, 
who were fighting, Indian-fashion, behind stumps and trees. 

At length the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts, who had penetra- 
ted the swamp, forced their way through it, and ascended a little 
knoll beyond covered with shrub oaks. But they had hardly 
formed in line before a shower of bullets, as well as shot and 
shell, came rattling in among them, a rebel battery having got 
their precise range. The Tenth Connecticut and One Hundred 
and Third Pennsylvania came up at the same moment, having 
followed through the swamp. The rebel guns (cannon) opened 
upon their left flank, raking their position. The fire of these guns 
was so concentrated and powerful i/iat it cut a perfect path, two 
rods wide, for some distance through the fonst. No flesh and blood 
could stand such a storm. The Union troops threw themselves 
on their faces and hugged the ground as their only protection. 
* They could not move in any direction without the utmost 
peril 

While in this terrible situation they heard the well known 
cheer of their comrades announcing triumph on their left. The 
Ninety-Sixth and Ninety-Second New York had come up, flanked 
and successfully charged the rebel battery. At that shout the 
Tenth Connecticut, Forty-Fifth Massachusetts, and One Hun- 
dred and Third Pennsylvania sprang to their feet, and rushed to 
join their comrades in the charge. The rebels waited not for 
the impetuous onslaught, but abandoning everything, fled pell-mell 
for the bridge which crossed the Neuse, opposite Kinston, which 
was not far distant. The retreat of five hundred and fifty of the 



* Note. The Forty-Fifth Kegiment, however, had orders to and 
did continue to load and fire, while in this position. 



HEROIC DEEDS OF HEROIC MEN 107 

foe was cut off, and they were taken prisoners. * The Union 
artillery came rushing up along the road, shelling the fugitives 
in their flight. The rebels, in their consternation, had no chance 
to destroy the bridge, and the patriot troops, following closely 
upon their heels, crossed the river and took possession of Kins- 
ton. The brunt of this battle— and it was truly a heroic fight— was 
met by the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts, Tenth Connecticut, and 
One Hundred and Third Pennsylvania, essentially aided by the 
Ninety-Sixth and Ninety-Second New York. Five Union Regi- 
ments drove six thousand rebels from their intrenchments. 

The rebel prisoners stated that they considered their position 
quite impregnable, for they had not supposed it possible for any 
advance to be made through the swamp. They had consequently 
massed their forces to block up the passage of the road. The 
first intimation they had of the position of the regiments who 
had dashed through the swamp, was from the storm of bullets 
which swept their ranks. There was an old church near the 
range of the hostile batteries, which was thoroughly riddled with 
shot. As our troops occupied the ground vacated by their foes 
they found sixteen dead bodies in the church. The prisoners 
confessed they carried off as many dead bodies as they could, and 
had throwr them into the river to conceal their loss. 

Most of the prisoners were South Carolinians. They were 
ferocious in :heir hate, declaring that they would fight forever. 
They said they had received orders from General Evans that morn- 
ingto give no quarter. They had not entertained the idea that they 
could be beaten. Our troopsfound that the rigor of rebel conscrip- 
tion hadstrippedthe countryof every man capable of bearing arms. 
Many of the prisoners said they had been dragged away from 
their families without any process of law, and without an hour's 
delay. The general aspect of the region through which the army 
passed testified to ^he truth of these statements. Wide fields re- 
mained uncultivated, and in not a few cases ripened crops were 
left to perish unharvested. Vast barns and granaries were left 
entirely empty. On the most extensive plantations but few signs 

* Note. The Foity-Fifth Regiment bad charge of these five hun- 
dred prisoners. 



108 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

of life were visible. A few aged negroes, too old to run away and 
too valueless to be removed, were loitering about, bewildered by 
the sudden and inexplicable change. Now and then a few women 
were found who had been left behind. They did not exhibit the 
ferocity which had been generally displayed by female rebels ; 
they were generally anxious for the war to end on any terms, as- 
serting they were living under a reign of terror, and that they had 
more to fear from the rebel than from the Union troops. 

The retreating rebels had stripped the houses of most of their 
movable furniture and of all eatables. In the little dilapidated 
city of Kinston, desolation and starvation reigned. The women 
and children who alone remained all looked care-worn and 
hungry. Many of the poorer class came rambling through the 
Union camp, begging bread of the soldiers, and eagerly picking 
up the fragments which our surfeited troops had thrown away. 
The women, accustomed only to the brutal aspect and bearing of the 
Southern soldiers, expressed much surprise at the gentlemanly 
appearance and demeanor of the Northern troops. But three 
white men were found left in Kinston, and they were Union men 
who had hidden themselves from rebel rule. All the rest had 
been carried off, either voluntarily or involuntarily, by the rebels. 

" On looking around the town, we found every evidence of 
our large and small shot having taken excellent effect. By the 
time two or three regiments had crossed the bridge, Major-General 
Foster dispatched Colonel Potter, under a flag of truce, to com- 
municate with General Evans, and to demand a suirender of his 
forces. The flag was recognized. We found the rebel regiments 
retreating up the railroad and on the road, and in various ways, 
straggling or otherwise, towards Goldsboro. General Evans re- 
fused to comply, on high military grounds, etc. Soon after our 
artillery commenced anew to shell the rebels across the town, 
firing low, in fact so low, that some of the shells swept very 
closely over our heads. 

General Evans then sent by a flag of truce, his compliments, 
etc., to General Foster, and requested a place of safety for the 
women and children, as he intended to return the fire from his 
artillery. Our artillery ceased firing, and the.women and child- 



HEBOIC DEEDS OF HEROIC MEN 109 

ren that could be found, were conducted] to a place of safety, 
when we found, on preparing again for action, that the bird had 
tiown ; that General Evans had succeeded, during the flag of 
truce operations, in safely conducting off what remained of his 
entire command. The Ninth New Jersey captured the regimental 
flag of a South Carolina regiment before crossing the Neuse 
bridge, and are now carrying it as a trophy of their gallantry. On 
the road after crossing the bridge, we found the following letter 
(it evidently had been dropped during the course of the enemy's 
hasty retreat ;) 

Gbi-DSBORO, December 14, 1862. 
General Evans: 

All the men I have here have been sent to you. You received them 
last night. Rogers is nearly with you, four hundred strong. I under- 
stand from rumor that three other regiments are on their way here from 
Petersburg. J. A. J. Bjjadfokd. 

The rebels destroyed some eighty or ninety bales of cotton. 
This we found burning as we entered the town. Most of it be- 
longed to a Scotchman named Nichols. Four companies of the 
Forty-Fifth Massachusetts were detailed to patrol the town. 

The battle of Kinston was fought on Sunday. These were 
strange scenes for our Puritan boys, who had been trained in the 
Sabbath-schools and churches of the North. The victorious 
Union troops passed over the bridge into Kinston, and encamped 
in a large field on the north side of the village, built their fires, 
boiled their coffee, and sat down to review the labors of the day. 
The Massachusetts Forty-Fifth lost eighteen killed and had fifty 
wounded. Large numbers had bullet-holes through their hats 
and part of their clothing. The Tenth Connecticut met with a 
still more severe loss, as did also the One Hundred and Third 
Pennsylvania and the Ninety-Sixth New York. The rebels lost^ 
in addition to the prisoners we have mentioned, eleven pieces of 
artillery, a large quantity of small-arms and ammunition, and an 
immense depot of provisions, which they set on fire to prevent it 
from falling into the Union hands. The battle in the swamp 
lasted four hours. A young soldier of the Massachusetts Forty- 



110 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Fifth, who had never before been under fire, thus graphically 
describes his sensations in a letter to his friends : 

" When we first filed into the woods I would have given all I 
was worth to have been once more safely at home. But after the 
first shot was fired I could not restrain myself. I had no thought 
of any personal danger. The balls would whistle and hum over 
our heads, and every now and then a shell would explode and 
cover us with mud, and too often with blood. But it seemed to 
me as though something told me not to fear. I said one little 
short prayer for myself, thought of each one of you, imagined I 
heard the sweet church bells of Framingham, and shut my eyes 
for an instant and saw you all. It could have been but an instant, 
and then I thought of nothing but pushing the rebels out of the 
swamp. As we drove the rebels before us I cannot describe the 
exultation we felt that we had helped win a victory for the Stars 
and Stripes. But the sad times were at night, when we missed 
from the camp fires the faces of those whom we had learned to 
love, or when we went back to the woods to bury the dead or to 
save the wounded." 

Early the next morning — Monday the 15th — the army re- 
commenced its march. Filing rapidly again back across the 
bridge they pressed along a road which skirted the southern 
banks of the Neuse, toward Whitehall, which was directly west 
upon the river, at the distance of about twenty miles. It required 
nearly five hours — from daylight until 11 o'clock — for the whole 
army to defile across the narrow bridge. They then, to prevent 
pursuit and the harassment of their rear, smeared the bridge over 
with tar and set it on fire. The structure, of wood, twenty rods 
long and forty feet above the water, was speedily enveloped in 
rushing billows of flame, and disappeared in smoke and ashes. 
Such a long line of troops, with its ponderous artillery and heavily- 
laden wagons, necessarily moves slow. But by vigorously push- 
ing forward they traveled seventeen miles that day, and again 
bivouacked by the road-side, about three miles from Whitehall. 
The weary soldiers did not need beds of down to enable them to 
sleep soundly that night. 

Tuesday, 16th, at 5 o'clock in the morning the troops were 



HEROIC DEEDS OF HEROIC MEN m 

again upon the march. They had been in motion scarcely an 
hour when the roar of battle was again heard at the head of the 
column. The cavalry and one battery were in the advance. 
As they were approaching the little village of Whitehall, which 
is on the south bank of the stream, they found that the enemy 
had stationed themselves on the opposite side of the river, 
having destroyed the bridge, and were strongly posted, with 
ten guns in battery on the opposite bank. The guns were pro- 
tected by long lines of rifle pits. A brief but spirited confiict 
here ensued. 

The confiict at Whitehall lasted about an hour and a half, 
one brigade only of the Union troops being called into action! 
It was found on almost all occasions that our artillery practice 
was far superior to that of the rebels. Not infrequently the Union 
batteries would take position in an open field and silence a rebel 
battery carefully intrenched, of the same number of guns. While 
this artillery battle was raging, the main body of the army moved 
rapidly along the road at a little distance from the river, to gain 
the stream at a point which the rebel guns did not command. 
While thus moving, a shell fell into the ranks of the Forty-Fourth 
Massachusetts, instantly killing four men. The patriot batteries 
at length silenced the rebel cannon, and our troops advancing to 
the river, destroyed two gun-boats which the rebels were build- 
ing there. The village of Whitehall, which stood between the 
hostile batteries, was literally knocked to pieces. The dense 
woods which fringed the opposite bank of the stream were mown 
down by our deadly fire as the scythe mows the grass. For a 
quarter of a mile back from the river, and half a mile up and 
down the banks, scarcely a tree was left standing. 

The shell is a terrible and remorseless engine of destruction. 
Nothing can be imagined more demoniac than the yell with 
which they swoop through the air. It is heard the moment the 
shell leaves the gun, and with the larger size, now often used, is 
so shrill and piercing that even if a quarter of a mile distant it 
seems directly upon you. Many of these massive bolts are 
hurled with such velocity that if they pass within ten feet of one's 
head they produce a vacuum which takes away the breath ; and 



112 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

as il whirs by the scream grows fainter and fainter, till it expires 
in a thundering explosion. The noise which these shells make 
is indescribable. There is nothing with which to compare it. 
It can only be imagined bv those by whom it has been heard. 

Having dispersed the rebels at Whitehall, our victorious 
little army, under their vigorous leader General Foster, without 
crossing the river, aud with scarcely an hour's delay, pressed 
forward toward the west, still ascending the banks of the Neuse. 
Night overtook them twelve miles beyond Whitehall. Here they 
found their sixth encampment. Scarcely had the dawn of Wed- 
nesday morning the 17th appeared, ere the troops were again in 
motion. A party of cavalry had been sent in advance by a cross- 
road on Monday to a place called Mount Olive, twenty miles 
south of Goldsboro, to destroy as much as possible of the railroad 
there, and a long trestle railroad bridge. This enterprise the in- 
trepid cavalry had successfully accomplished. They now returned 
to the main body, having ridden seventy miles in twenty-four 
hours. 

The great object of this whole military expedition was to 
destroy the railroad running south from Goldsboro, which was 
the principal line of northern communication for the rebels. 
Like most villages in a slave-holding country, Goldsboro is an 
insignificant hamlet, not important enough even to be noticed in 
a general gazetteer. It is but little more than a railroad station, 
where the Wilmington and Weldon road crosses the Atlantic and 
North Carolina track. There was a costly high bridge an eighth 
of a mile long, which here crossed the river, which had been a 
long time in process of construction. It was an important ob- 
ject of the expedition to destroy this bridge. The rebels, fully 
appreciating its importance, made a vigorous stand for its de- 
fense. But General Foster on this expedition as much out-gen- 
eraled the rebel officers in strategy and tactics as his soldiers 
out-fought the rebel rank and file in the open field. At eleven 
o'clock Wednesday morning, our soldiers were within five miles 
of the bridge. The rebels were found there in force, and the 
battle was renewed. A few miles below the railroad viaduct 
there was a small stream called Sleepy Creek, where there was a 



HEROIC DEEDS OF HEROIC MEN 113 

common road bridge across the Neuse. A portion of the army 
was sent down to this bridge to make a feint, with as much noise 
as possible, of crossing at that point. 

The rebels deceived by the supposition that it was our main 
object to seize the railroad junction at Goldsboro, had assembled 
a large force at this bridge, superior to our own, to guard the 
passage. General Foster adroitly compelled them to divide their 
force between this upper and lower point, and kept the river 
between him and the foe to prevent being overwhelmed by any 
sudden assault. To prevent the Union troops from crossing the 
river the rebels made their first stand at Kinston. Here, as we 
have mentioned, the Union troops drove them back, and destroyed 
the bridge. They next made a stand at Whitehall, destroying 
the bridge themselves. Here the patriots silenced their batteries 
and destroyed two of their gunboats. The rebels then drew 
back their forces to the vicinity of Goldsboro, and established 
themselves at the two bridges of which we have spoken, five miles 
apart. While a part of our troops followed down Sleepy Creek 
to the bridge the main body moved on to the railroad bridge, 
the object of the expedition. 

General Foster had no wish to cross either of these bridges. 
He was well aware that there was a sufficient force of rebels on 
the other side, gathered from Wilmington, Weldon, Raleigh, and 
even Virginia, to overwhelm the force at his disposal. The as- 
sault commenced at both bridges at the same time. From eleven 
o'clock in the morning until three o'clock in the afternoon there 
was the continuous roar of battle. The rebels had taken posi- 
tion on the south side of the railroad bridge. They were how- 
ever, soon driven in confusion from their position and across the 
bridge, and the bridge was utterly destroyed. The flames con 
sumed its frame, and its buttresses were demolished by shot and 
shell. The great object of the expedition having been thus ef- 
fectually accomplished, the army immediately commenced its 
return. The rebels now began to comprehend the true position 
of affairs. They had assembled in such force as vastly to out- 
number the patriots. But there was a wide and rapid river, with 
all the bridges destroyed, flowing between them. In this emer- 



114 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

gency the rebels went back, ascending the river about five miles, 
and crossed in the vicinity of Waynesborough. Then marching 
down the southern bank of the stream, they vigorously set out 
in pursuit of our leisurely retiring columns. They overtook the 
patriot rear-guard in the vicinity of Sleepy Creek.* As the rebels 
came on in solid mass the patriot batteries, in good position, re- 
mained quiet until they were within three hundred yards, and 
then with double-shotted guns, they poured in so tremendous a 
volley that no mortal strength or valor could breast it. Three 
times the rebel ranks were broken by the awful carnage, and 
three times they rallied anew to the onset. Finally they broke 
beyond recovery, and fled in wildest confusion back among the 
forests and the hills. Some prisoners who were taken said that 
they lost in this terrific storm of war, which lasted but a few 
moments, eight hundred men. It was a very bold attempt of in- 
fantry to storm batteries up to the muzzle of their guns. 

The patriots now retired unmolested, and encamped Wed- 
nesday night on the same spot where they had encamped the 
night before. The next morning, at four o'clock, they were 
again upon the march, and thus they tramped along, singing 
songs of victory, until six o'clock Saturday night, when they en- 
camped about six miles from New Berne. The Sabbath morning 
sun rose cloudless over the North Carolina pines. The day was 
mild and beautiful, as though nature had no voice or feature in 
harmony with the discord of war. The patriot troops resumed 
their march with waving banners and pealing bugles, and thus 
rejoicingly re-entered the camp from which they had marched 
but ten days before. They marched into their encampment to 
the dear old tune " Home Sweet Home." The distance these 
iron men had travelled, over often the worst of roads, and through 
a series of battles, was about two hundred miles." 



*NoTE. The Forty-Fifth Regiment was the rear guard on that day. 




CORIOKAI. CHARLES EUSTIS HUBBARD, CO. A 







' ''»^*»'^>*Tfift^*^»*(^&i^ 



'Mmv' 



€]^c mucial Beportjg of tl^c a^arcli to Mnmn 
auD QBattlc of Minmn 

BY CORPORAL CHARLES EUSTIS HUBBARD OF COMPANY A. 



^J^ HE Story of our first expedition and battle, with its 
,^|^ ^'^"ous incidents was written long ago, and our indi- 
^'fR^ vid^al adventures are still fresh in our memories. 
VVr--^| It seemed to me, therefore, that the history of the 
expedition, as detailed in the official reports and correspondence 
of the officers, both Union and Confederate, would be more 
instructive and interesting than to repeat mere personal recollec- 
tions of these eventful days. 

I have accordingly copied such portions of the official 
records as pertain especially to the history of the march to, and 
the Battle of Kinston. 

The Department of North Carolina was under the command 
of Major-General John G. Foster, then but thirty-eight years of 
age, and the forces at his disposal December 10, 1862, consisted 
of the following troops, viz. : 

Present for Duty Aggregate'^^Prefent 

V ^ r. • J ^ , rx, Otlicers Men Present & Absent 

First Brigade, Col. T.J. C. Amory... 137 34.56 4417 snin 

Second Brigade, Col. T. J. Stevenson 113 toS 3802 S 

Unassigned lOi 2426 3209 5736 



499 12,373 15,569 28,441 

As General Foster deemed this number of troops insufficient, 
he had requested that re-inforcements might be sent him. 

Headquarters Department of North Carolina, 

New Berne, November 18, 1862. 
Major-General H. W. Halleck, General-in-Chief United States 
Army, Washington, D, C. 

General: 

Referring to my report of recent reconnoisance, I have the honor to 
make the following statements. The enemy have much increased their 

115 



116 THE FOBTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

force and their activity in the State. We have engaged at different 
times in one way or another, seven old regiments, viz.: the Eighth, 
Tenth, Seventeenth, Twenty-Sixth, Thirty-First, Fifty-First and Fifty- 
Ninth North Carolina, and I am informed, by what I consider reliable 
authority, that Governor Vance has had a difficulty with President 
Davis, as regards conscripts, the consequence of which is that the Gover- 
nor is raising or has raised, two brigades of conscripts, within assisting 
distance of Goldsborough. 

Their artillery force I think to be inferior to mine as yet. There 
were at Tarborough sixteen pieces and I found threatening this town on 
my return ten other pieces. These, with the supporting force, retired on 
my return. And in the same connection I would state that I heard near 
Tarborough of the appointment of General Longstreet to the command 
of this Department. This report has since been confirmed both here and 
in the Richmond papers. In addition. Governor Yance in person was 
with the forces in Tarborough. I would respectfully remark that the 
above simple statements prove the reliability of my opening paragraph, 
and, in addition, show the determination of the enemy to withstand my 
advances in their rich country of the Eastern counties, and, also if 
possible, to diminish my hold on that section. On the other hand the 
weakening influences of the past malarious season, has so weakened the 
strength of my old regiments, that for hard, active service, I have, 
scarcely available one-half their nominal strength at the moment. 

The new regiments, nine months' men, arrived here, viz. : the Third 
Fifth, Forty-Third, Forty-Fourth, Forty-Fifth and Forty-Sixth Massachu- 
setts are good troops, but are new, and some have never had their arms, 
and I should wish some drill before trusting them in a fight. Admiral 
Lee has been here, and with him I had a full and free talk, and am 
happy to say that he fully coincides with me in my views as to co-oper- 
ation, and as to force required. Referring to the above simple state- 
ments, I would most respectfully suggest, that, if possible, I should be 
allowed ten thousand old troops in addition to the few new troops 
ordered here, and would express my hopes and wishes that those old 
troops should be the men of the North Army Corps, with whom I have 
been associated, and of which corps I was the senior officer under General 
Burnside. The sooner I have the force, the sooner I will endeavor to 
perform my plans, and, I think, the views of the Government, viz.: the 
cutting of the railroad (Wilmington & Weldon;, and the taking of AVil- 
mington, and the works of New Inlet, and the mouth of the Cape Fear 
River. I most respectfully request, in addition to the officer recom- 
mended for promotion to Brigadier-General, that three regular Brigadier- 
Generals be sent me, and as"a matter of choice, I would suggest General 
Gillmore, and if none be available, now appointed, call your attention 
to Captains , Morton and Casey of the Engineer Corps, and Lieut. 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON ny 

Col. Briggs or Captaiu D. W. Flagler, Ordnance Corps, as most accept- 
able to me. I would also ask an engineer officer, of which I have none, 
and an ordnance officer. I have received from General Dix a letter as 
to his co-operation with me in any attempt to cut the railroad communi- 
cations, and would say that such co-operation would be most desirable 
as proved at Tarborough, where the re-inforcements came even from 
Petersburg. I can act, and he assist. If the line be cut south of \Yel- 
don, and he act and I assist, if at Weklon, which point he can reach more 
easily than I. I have the honor to be General, very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

J. G. FOSTKR, 

Major-General Commanding. 

General Wessell's Brigade, composed of New York and 
Pennsylvania Volunteers, was sent in response to this request. 



The last of November General Foster went to Fortress 
Monroe to confer with General Dix as to the expedition, as 
appears from the following. 

FoRTKESs MoxROE, Ya., December 1, 1S62. 

General H. W. Halleck, General-in-Chief, United States Army, 
Washington, D. C 

General: 

I have just arrived here to confer with General Dix in regard to 
operating in offensive movements against the enemy. I shall return 
early tomorrow morning unless you wish me to remain longer to o-ive 
me some special orders. 

J. G. Foster, 

Major-General Volunteers. 



Ma.jor-General J. G. Foster, Fort Monroe, Ya. 

I have no special instructions to give. Possibly the Secretary of War 
jnay have tomorrow. H. W. Halleck, 

General-in-Chie/. 



118 THE FORTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Major-General Peck, Suffolk, Ya. 

I expect an officer from General Foster to-night. If not too late you 
had better defer any strong demonstration until lie arrives. 

John H. Dix, 

Major-General. 



Major-General Dix, Fortress Monroe, Va. 

The interview with General Foster today was all that could be 
desired. He is an old friend, and we canvassed matters fully. Have 
memorandum which will govern moves some day. I proposed to demon- 
strate strongly on a given day which he did not expect, and which pleased 
him very much. I very much desire that new troops should arrive before 
Wessell's Brigade moves. 

John J. Peck, 

Major-G ener al. 



War Department, Washington, D. C, December 6, 1862. 
Major-General Dix, Fortress Monroe, Va. 

The Adjutant General informs me that Jourdan has been restored. 
You speak of sending a brigade of your troops to General Foster. By 
whose authority is this done? General Foster asked for more troops 
but they were refused by the War Department. All available tioops 
will immediately be wanted in your department. 

H. W. Halleck, 

General-in-Chitf. 



Fort Monroe, Ya., December 6, 1862. 
Major-General H. W. Halleck, General-in-Chief. 

When in Washington on October 30th you desired me to communis 
cate with General Foster, and to co-operate with him in harassing the 
enemy. 1 wrote to him, but he being absent, did not receive my letter 
for some time and bis answer did not reach me until November 27th. 
I advised you of these circumstances by letter of the 29th ultimo, and 
that I had sent an officer to him. He came here immediately, and on 
conferring with him, I agreed to let him have a brigade for ten days to 
attack Goldsboro and cut the railroad at that place. 

I directed General Peck to meet him at Norfolk and arrange the 
time. The brigade under General Wessells left Suffolk yesterday to- 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON ng 

march to Gates Ferry near Gatesville, where transports will be ready to 
receive it. I shall regret greatly, if, in this, I have mistaken your 
wishes or exceeded my authority. If it is not too late to recall General 
Wessells, if it be thought best and if I receive your order at once. I did 
not know that General Foster had been refused troops by the Secretary 
of War. John H. Dix, 

Major-General. 



Major-Genekal Dix, Fort Monroe, Va. 

The temporary detachment of the brigade to assist General Foster 
is approved. Have all your other troops ready to move by the time the 
brigade returns, or before. The transportation will be mainly by water. 

H. W. Halleck, 

General-in-Chief. 

Before the expedition had started General Foster had quite 
a correspondence with General French, Confederate Commander 
of Department of North Carolina, regarding the conduct of the 
Union troops in North Carolina. 



HEADtiUARTERS, DePARTSIENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 

Petersburg, Va., November 27, 1862. 
General J. G. Foster, U. S. A., New Berne, N. C. 

Dear Sir: During the march of the army under your command up 
the valley of the Rounda River in the early part of the month, many 
wanton acts of destruction of private property and many depredations 
were committed by the troops under your command. Negroes were 
forcibly abducted from their owners, many isolated houses in the village 
of Hamilton and Williamston were wilfully burned ; parlors of private 
residences were used for stables; family carriages were taken to your 
camps, abandoned and destroyed; bedding was carried into the streets 
and burned, doors and windows broken, women were insulted by your 
soldiers, and robbed of all the money and valuables on their persons, 
and all their clothing and that of their children, except what they had 
on, was cast into the fire, or torn to pieces. In general terms, your 
soldiers committed many robberies, and practiced a wanton and malic- 
ious destruction of private property. 

Having been over a portion of your line of march, and examined 
these evidences of destruction, I reported them to my Government, and 



120 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

I am instructed to address you and inform you, that such outrages are 
considered as f(_)rfeiting the right of yourself and officers to be treated as 
prisoners of war, and to iuquiie of you, whether these outrages were 
committed with your linowledge and sanction. 

The action to be talcen in the case will depend on the answer you 
may make, and if no answer be returned in ten days after the delivery 
of this letter, it will be considered by the Government that you admit 
and hold yourself responsible for the acts charged. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. G. French, 
Major-General Commanding. 



Headquakters, Department of North Carolina, 
New Berne, December 4, 1862. 

JIa.joe-General S. G. French, Commanding Department of North 

Cai'olina, Petersburg, Va. 
General: 

Your favor of November 27th I have the honor to acknowledge. 
I had previously received word from General Martin on the same subject, 
and as my answer to him covers most of the ground in yours, I beg leave 
to enclose a copy. 

I beg to say in relation to postscript of your letter, that not a negro, 
to the best of my belief, was forcibly abducted from his owner, and, 
indeed I only suffered those to follow me who insisted upon so doing. 

There were fifteen houses (says General Martin) burned at Hamil- 
ton ; the fact I deplore. At Williamstou, two were burned from the 
defect in the flue of the chimney, as shown by investigation, and one 
small house pulled down to prevent the spread of fire. Members of my 
staff were in each house and none of them saw horses in the parlors, 
though in one or two instances on piazzas. Family carriages (not over 
three) may have been taken to transport sick men, not to destroy or 
abandon. 

That houses of peaceful citizens with the families in occupancy 
were entered, women and children insulted and robbed, I do not believe, 
as the Provost Marshal heard nothing of the kind so gross as you 
report. In respect to that part of your letter as to the treatment of any 
officers not as prisoners of war, I would say, that if after my letter your 
Government proposes to act on that principle, I beg that you will have 
me informed for the regulation of my own course. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. G. Foster, 
Major-General Commanding. 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON 121 

[Indorsement.] 

Richmond, Va., December 10, 1862. 
Respectfully forwarded for the information of the War Department. 

G. W Smith, Major-General. 
[Inclosuke.] 
Headquarteks, Department of North Carolina, 

New Berne, N. C, December 4, 1862. 

BRiGAmER-GENEBAL J. G. MARTIN, Commanding. 
General : 

Your letter of November 25th inclosing an extract from the Boston 
Traveller describing the alleged depredations of the Army under mv 
command in their late march up the country, I have received. In reply 
to your request to know whether these thing* were done by my order 
1 have to state that draught animals, and in some cases, carriages to be 
used as ambulances, beeves and pigs to subsist my men when "short of 
provisions, and forage to subsist cavalry, were taken by«my order 

Every other depredation was not on\y not done by my orders but 
against them, and against the strongest efforts to prevent them. On the 
march we found all the towns almost entirely abandoned by their inhab- 
itan s, the houses, in some case.s cleared of their furniture, in others 
partly so, and in some, not at all. I quartered my troops in the aban- 
doned houses only. The principal cause of the depredations which I 
know were committed, was, I think, that so many houses contained apple 
brandy and which escaped the eye of the Provost Marshal. I trust sin 
cerely that in the future marches in this State you will be pleased 
to find a marked improvement, in all these respects, and I earnestly • 
recommend that you urge all peaceable citizens to remain on their 
estates, as that course will aid me greatly in protecting their property 
I have the honor to remain, General, your obedient servant, 

J. G. Foster, 
Major-General Commanding. 

Headquarters, Department of North Carolina. 
Petersburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 

MA.JOR-GENERAL J. G. FosTER, Commanding United States Army 

New Berne, N. C. 
General: 

Your letter of the 4th inst. inclosing a copy of one addressed by vou 
to General J. G. Martin has been received. War, even when conducted 



122 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

by the acknowledged rules of Christian nations, inflicts so many evils 
on society, that they should not be increased by the lawless acts of 
soldiers. It affords me much gratification to learn that the acts of 
depredation referred to in my letter, were not only not done by your 
orders, but agaiust them and against your strongest efforts to prevent 
them, and it is to be hoped no future cause for complaints will be given 
by your forces. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. G. French, 
Major-General Commanding. 



Headquahters, 18th Army Corps, 
New Berne, N. C, December 27, 1862. 

Major-General S. G. Frencu, Commanding Department of North 
Carolina, Petersburg, Va. 

General: 

Your favor of the 13th inst., received to-day. I most fully agree with 
you that war is most horrible in the misery and ruin it must cause, 
even when waged according to the acknowledged rules of Christian 
nations and therefore beg to call your attention to, and ask if it was by 
your approval, that in the recent attack on Plymouth, many houses and 
other buildings were fired, and to that extent families ruined and made 
homeless; that only want of time prevented other damage being done. 
I would also call your attention to the case of Mrs. Philips, who was 
shot dead by a Confederate soldier. On occupying the town of Kins- 
ton recently, the streets were found in many cases full of burning cotton, 
naval stores, etc., a destruction of property, which I do not know your 
approval or disapproval of. The effect was that one house was set on 
fire, and that it was only by the greatest efforts of officers and soldiers 
that a large portion of the town was saved from destruction. Trusting 
that by our united efforts the war within our Department may be robbed 
of some of its horrors, I am General, very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

J. G. Foster, 
Major-General Commanding . 



Union Reports : 

December 10, 1862. General Foster reported to General 
Halleck as follows, viz : 



THE MARCH TO KINS TON 123 

Headquarters Department of North Carolina, 

KiNSTON, N. C, December 14, 1862. 
General: 

I have the honor to inform you that I left New Berne for this place 
on the 11th, but, owing to the bad roads and consequent delays to 
train, etc., I did not reach South West Creek (five miles from this town), 
till the afternoon of the 13th. The enemy were posted there, but by a 
heavy artillery fire in front, and vigorous infantry attack in either flank, 
I succeeded in forcing a passage and without much loss. This morning 
I advanced on this town and found the enemy strongly posted at a defile 
through a marsh bordering a creek. The position was so well chosen 
that very little of our artillery could be brought in play. The main 
attack, therefore, was made by theinfantry assisted by a few guns pushed 
forward on the roads. We succeeded after five hours' hard fight in driv- 
ing the enemy from their position. We followed them rapidly to the 
river; the bridge over the Neuse at this point was prepared for firing, 
and was fired in six places, but we were so close behind them that we 
saved the bridge. 

The enemy retreated precipitately by the Goldsboro Road. Their 
force was about six thousand men with twenty pieces of artillery. The 
result is, we have taken Kinston, captured eleven pieces of artillery, 
taken four or five hundred prisoners and found a large amount of 
quartermaster's and commissary stores. Our loss will not probably 
exceed two hundred killed and wounded. I march tomorrow at day- 
light on Goldsboro. From that point I return to New Berne, whence I 
will make a more detailed report. 

I am, General, with great respect, 

Your obedient servant, 

J. G. Foster, 
Major-General Commanding. 
To Major-General H. W. Halleck. 



General: 



Headquarters Department of North Carolina, 
New Berne, N. C, December 29, 1862. 



Referring to my letters of December 10th, 14th and 20th, I have the 
honor to report that I left this town at 8 A. M. of the 11th, with the fol- 
lowing forces, viz : 

General Wessell's Brigade of General Peck's Division (kindly loaned 
me). Colonel Amory's Brigade, Colonel Stevenson's Brigade, Colonel 
Lee's Brigade, in all about ten thousand infantry; six batteries, Thiid 



1"24 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

New York Artillery, thirty guns; Belger's Battery, First Rhode Island 
Artillery, six guns; section of Twenty-Fourth New York Independent 
Battery, two guns; section of Twenty-Third New York Independent 
Battery, two guns; total forty guns. The Third New York Cavalry, 
64O men. 

We maiched on the first day on the Kinston Road ahout fourteen 
miles, when finding the road obstructed by felled trees, for half a mile 
and over, I bivouacked for the night, and had the obstructions removed 
during the night by the pioneers. 

I pushed on the next morning at daylight. My cavalry advance 
encountered the enemy when about four miles Irom the bivouac of the 
previous night, and after a sharp, but brief skirmish, the enemy were 
routed with some loss. On arriving at the Vine Swamp Roads, I ordered 
Captain Hall with three companies of cavalry to push on, up the main 
Kinston road as a demonstration, while the main column proceeded by 
the Vine Swamp Road to the left, thereby avoiding the obstructions, 
and the enemy on the main road. Captain Hall encountered the enemy 
in some force, but after a severe fight whipped them, taking eighteen 
prisoners and killing a number of the enemy. 

The march of the main column was somewhat delayed by the bridge 
over Beaver Creek having been destroyed. This was rebuilt and I 
pushed on, leaving a regiment, Fifty-First Massachusetts, and a section 
of artillery, the Twenty-Third New York, at the bridge to hold it, and 
to protect the intersection of the main road, and the road I was on, to 
support Captain Hall, and to prevent any force driving him back and 
occupying the cross-roads^in the rear. The main column pushed on 
about four miles and bivouacked for the night. There was cavalry skir- 
mishing during the day. On Saturday, the 13th, we again started, leav- 
ing the second main road, the one I was on, to the right, and leaving at 
this intersection the Forty-Sixth Massachusetts and one section of 
artillery, the Twenty-Fourth New York, to hold ihe position and feint 
on the second main road. We reached South West Creek, the bridge 
over which was destroyed, and the enemy posted on the opposite bank 
some four hundred strong, with three pieces of artillery. 

The Creek was not fordable, and ran at the foot of a deep ravine, 
making a very bad position for us. I ordered a battery in as good a 
position as could be obtained, and under their fire, the Ninth New 
Jersey, which had the advance, pushed gallantly across the creek by 
swimming, by fragments of the bridge, and by a mill dam, and formed 
on the opposite bank. At the same time the Eighty-Fifth Pennsylvania 
of General WesselTs Brigade, forced a passage by the felling of trees, 
and fording about half a mile below the bridge, and engaged the 
enemy's left, who thereupon retired and deserted his breastworks. 
I had ordered the Twenty-Third Massachusetts of Colouel Amory's 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON 125 

Brigade, to cross at the mill to support the Ninth New Jersey, and also 
crossed the remainder of General Wessell's Brigade. 

Colonel Hickman, with the Ninth New Jersey, advanced and was 
fired upon when about one mile from the creek, with cannister and mus- 
ketry. The regiment charged at double quick, drove the enemy, took 
some prisoners, and captured a six pounder gun, caisson, etc., complete. 
General Wessell's Brigade bivouacked on the further side of the creek, 
with the Ninth in the advance. The balance of the command with the 
artillery remained on this side of the creek. The Ninth New Jersey, 
Company K, Thiid New York Cavalry, and Morrison's Battery, Third 
New York Artillery, had quite a skirmish with the enemy, but drove 
him, and encamped for the night. From the south side of the creek, 
I sent a company of cavalry to strike and proceed up the Kinston Road 
No. 2 (I was on No. 3.) Tlie company proceeded on the road toward 
Kinston and found the enemy posted by a bridge which was prepared to 
be destroyed. The company charged them and they retired with some 
loss, destroying the bridge. The enemy's force at this place was esti- 
mated at one regiment, and four pieces of artillery. Major Garrard with 
three companies of cavalry and one gun in section of Allis' section of 
artillery, proceeded on a reconnoisance on a road leading to Whitehall. 
After following the road about ten miles and having met with no opposi- 
tion they rejoined the main column. Sunday, the 14th inst., I advanced 
the column, and when about one mile from Kinston, encountered the 
enemy in strong force. They wt-re posted in strong position in the 
wood, taking advantage of the ground which formed a natural breast- 
work. Their position was secured in their right by a deep swamp, and 
their left was partially protected by the river. The Ninth New Jersey 
was deployed as skirmishers and General Wessell's Brigade with Morri- 
son's Battery, Third New York Artillery, was ordered to advance to the 
right and left of the road, the battery being sent to our extreme right, 
supported by one of General Wessell's regiments. Colonel Amory's 
Brigade was then advanced, the Seventeenth Massachusetts Volunteers 
being sent to support Colonel Hickman on the right, and two regiments, 
the Twenty-Thiid and the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts regiments, ad- 
vanced up the road. My artillery, three batteries, I posted on a large 
field, on the right of the road, and about three-fourths of a mile in rear 
of our line of attack, the only position they could be placed in. I then 
ordered Colonel Stevenson's Brigade, with Belger's Rhode Island Bat- 
tery, forward. The Twenty-Fourth Massachusetts Regiment supported 
this battery, and the Fifth Rhode Island, Tenth Connecticut and Forty- 
Fourth Massachusetts were ordered forward, the two former on the left 
of the road, and the latter on the right, to support the regiments there, 
in pushing the enemy and turning that flank. 

The Tenth Connecticut advanced steadily to the extreme front, re- 



126 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

lieving two of General Wessell's brigade, which were short of ammuni- 
tion, and after receiving a terrible fire for twenty minutes, made a most 
gallant charge in conjunction with the Ninety-Sixth Regiment, New 
York Volunteers of General Wessell's Brigade, which with the advance 
already made (slowly but surely) of the entire line, forced the enemy to 
retreat precipitately for the bridge over the Neuse which they crossed, 
firing the bridge, which had been prepared for that purpose. Several 
regiments were so close, however, that about four hundred prisoners 
were taken from the enemy. One line was formed to the river and the 
fire extinguished before great damage was done. 

The Ninth New Jersey and the Seventeenth Massachusetts Regiments 
and General Wessell's Brigade were at once crossed, pushed into the 
town and halted. I ordered the bridge to be at once repaired for the 
crossing of cavalry and artillery. General Evans retired about two 
miles from town with his command, aud formed line of battle. 

I sent a flag of truce to inquire whether he proposed to surrender- 
He declined. I immediately prepared to attack him, but knowing that 
he had three light batteries, and one section to start with, was unwill- 
ing to sacrifice my men, and waited for my artillery to cross. I ordered 
Batteries E and Third New York Artillery to shell the enemy with their 
twenty pounders (four in number) from the opposite bank, and crossed 
Colonel Amory's Brigade with all despatch, but before I could attack the 
enemy they had retired, and it being night by this time, I was unable 
to pursue, moreover my object was not accomplished. 

The troops bivouacked in the field bieyond the town that night, a 
provost guard was established for the protection of the town and all 
necessary precautions were taken. I sent Captain Cole, Company K, 
Third New York Regiment of Cavalry down the east bank of the Neuse 
to a work commanding the river. He reported it deserted with six 
guns in position, and the work to be of great strength. 

I sent the Company back with teams to bring up the guns and blow 
up the magazine. Captain Cole being unable to remove the two heavy 
guns, one inch columbiad and one thirty-two pounder, destroyed them, 
and brought four field pieces complete. These with two others deserted 
by the enemy and one taken by the Ninth New Jersey, I sent to New 
Berne, under escort of Captain Cole's Company K, Third New York 
Cavalry. 

I am, General, with great respect. 

Your obedient servant, 

J. G. FOSTEK, 

Major-General Commanding. 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON 127 

General Orders No. 81. 

Headquarters Department of North Carolina, 

New Berne, December 26, 1862. 

The Commanding General desires to thanic the troops under his 
command for the new proof of their couratje and steadiness afforded by 
the recent expedition. The Veteran Brigade of General Wessells and 
the troops of this department alike, did their duty as soldiers, ivell. 

By order of Major-General J. G. Foster. 

Southard Hoffman, 

Assistant Adjutant General 



General Orders No. 18. 

Headquarters Eighteenth Army Corps, 

New Berne, January 15, 186.3. 

In consideration of, and as a reward for their brave deeds at Kins- 
ton, Whitehall and Goldsboro, the Commanding General directs that 
the regiments and batteries, which accompanied the expedition to Golds- 
boro inscribe on their banners those three victories. 

Kinston, December 14, 1862. 

Whitehall, December 16, 1862. 

Goldsboro, December 17, 1862. 

The Commanding General hopes that all future fields will be so 
fought, that the record of them may be kept by inscription on the ban- 
ners of the regiments engaged. 

By command of Major-General J. G. Foster. 

Southard Hoffman, 
Assistant Adjutant General. 

Officers killed:— Captain Henry A. Wells, Lieutenants William W. 
Perkins, Theron D. Hill, Tenth Connecticut, and Colonel Charles O. 
Gray, Ninety-Sixth New York, at Kinston, December 14, 1862. 

Officers mortally wounded :— Lieutenants Jonn C Coffin and John 
M. Simms of the Tenth Connecticut. 

The foregoing list of casualties embraces the losses on skirmishes 
in the Kinston Road, December 11th and 12th, skirmishes at South West 
Creek, December 13-14, engagements at Kinston, December 14th, at 
White Hall, December 16th, skirmish at Thompson's bridge and engage- 
ment at Goldsboro Bridge, December 17th. 



128 THE FORTY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Report of Colonel Thomas J. C. Amory, Seventeenth Massachusetts 

Infantry, Commanding First Brigade, First Division of Engage- 

mentn at Kinston, White Hall and Goldsboro Bridge, 

December 14, 16, and 17. 

Headquarteks First Brigade, First Division. 
Department of North Caroi-ina, New Berne, Dec. 21, 1862. 

Major : "^ 

I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken 
by the brif^ade under my command in the several actions of the 14th, 
16th and 17th inst. The First Bricrade, consisting of the Seventeenth, 
Twenty-Third, Forty-Third, Forty-Fifth and Fifty-First Massachusetts 
Ret^iments (the last three being nine months' volunteers}, marched from 
New Berne with the army under Major (General Foster on the morning 
of the 11th inst. 

The brigade numbered at this time nearly thirty-five hundred men. 
Of these, about one hundred were sent back on our second day out, 
being mostly convalescents from the hospitals who were found unfitted 
to continue the march. On our arrival at South West Creek on the 
13th, I was ordered to form my brigade into two lines on the left of the 
road, detaching one regiment to line the bend of the Creek, the passage 
of which was disputed by the enemy. 

I sent forward the Twenty-Third Massachusetts, which crossed at the 
mill dam, the bridge having been destroyed; this regiment remained on 
the opposite bank, and rejoined my command on the marcli the next 
morning. The Fifty-First Massachusetts had previously been detached 
with orders to remain at Beaver Creek guarding our rear; this regiment 
joined my command in the evening of the 14th. 

On approaching the battlefield of Kinston on the morning of the 
14th, by order of the Commanding General, I detached the Twenty- 
Third and Forty-Third Massachusetts to the right and left of the road 
respectively, in support of batteries. 

The Seventeenth was sent to the extreme right to support Colonel 
Hickman, Ninth New Jersey in advance. While superintending that 
movement on the right, the Twenty-Third and Forty-Fifth were ordered 
forward in the centre, and opened fire in the wood, gradually advancing, 
as did the entire line, driving the enemy to the bridge. On the right I 
posted the Forty-Third to cut off the forces of the enemy on the river 
road from the bridge and a portion of these, some sixty in number, 
shortly after surrendered to Major Chambers, Twenty-Third Massachu- 
setts. In this action the Forty-Fifth suffered most severely, as indicated 
by their return of killed and wounded, hereto annexed, together with 
the reports of regimental commanders, to which I beg leave to refer for 
particulars. 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON 129 

The different regiments of my brigade were, during most of the 
actions, scattered through the wood, or separated in support of batteries. 
All who came under my observation conducted themselves with com- 
mendable steadiness and gallantry. 

Report of Colonel Charles R. Codman, Forty-Fifth Massachusetts 

Infantry, of Engagements at Kinston and White Hall, 

December 14th and 16th. 

Headquarters Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Militia, 

December 22, 1862. 

Lieutenant : 

I have the honor to report that eight companies of this regiment 
(two being on detached service) were engaged in two actions during the 
late expedition into the interior of North Carolina. 

On the 14th inst., the regiment being on the march towards Kinston, 
I received orders from Major Hoifman, chief of the staff of tl^e Com- 
manding General, to advance into the wood on the south side of the 
Neuse Kiver to support the troops of Wessell's Brigade, then engaged 
and said to be hard pressed. I was directed to act under General Wes- 
sell's orders. In compliance with this order, the regiment proceeded 
along the road until_directed by General Wessells to file to the right, 
when it proceeded to enter a wood, which, as afterwards appeared, was 
exposed to a cross fire from the enemy. 

Upon entering the wood the regiment opened fire upon the enemy, 
who were found to be in my front and whose fire, for a time, was very 
sharp. The regiment continued to advance, occasionally lying down to 
rest, and to avoid the enemy's fire, when hottest, and finding after pene- 
trating the wood, that the enemy had fled. I should add that the Tenth 
Connecticut Regiment, during one of those periods, when this regiment 
was engaged, advanced gallantly through the wood to its assistance and 
both regiments penetrated the wood at nearly the same time. 

The conduct of the troops was excellent throughout. The action 
continued for more than an hour, during which time the regiment suf- 
fered the loss of one Corporal, and twelve men killed, or who have died 
of their wounds, and one Sergeant, five Corporals and thirty-eight privates 
wounded. On the 16th, in the battle near Whitehall, this regiment was 
ordered by Colonel Amory, commanding the brigade, to form upon the 
AVhitehall Road, to act as circumstances might require. By further 
orders from Colonel Amory, the men were directed to lie down. The 
regiment did not move from this place during the action except to take 
position a fewfeet in rear of the road, but, nevertheless, met with some 
casualties, sustaining the loss of one Sergeant, and three privates 
wounded. The conduct of the men in this instance was also admirable. 



130 ■ THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

I beg to add that, from the statements of prisoners, and from other cir- 
cumstances, I am satisfied that in the Battle of Kinston it was the fire 
of this regiment that first made untenable the position of the enemy 
upon the road on the south side of the Neuse River. The present 
effective state of the eight companies novF in camp at New Berne is 
twenty-nine officers and 582 men, a total of thirty-three officers and 
763 men. 

I have the honor to be, respectfully, 

Charles R. Codman, 
Colonel Commanding Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Militia. 

Lieut. E. T Parkinson, A. A. A. G., First Brigade, Department of 
North Carolina. 

Beport of Brigadier-General Henry W. Wessells, United States Army, 

Commanding Third Brigade, General Peck's Division of Operations, 

December 3-21, 1862. 

No serious obstacles were interposed by the enemy until arriving at 
South West Branch, six miles from the town of Kinston, where it was 
found that the main road crossing the creek was well watched and strongly 
guarded both by artillery and infantry. A skilful feint having been 
made toward this point, the main body moved by an upper road crossing 
the creek, about half a mile below on a mill dam. The bridge was 
found to be partially destroyed, and the enemy covering it with two guns 
and a force of infantry. This position was at once reconnoitered by the 
Ninth New Jersey Volunteers with their usual iutrepidity, and a cross- 
ing was effected by the mill, threatening the enemy's right. At the 
same time by direction of the Commanding General, I detached the 
Eighty-Fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel Howell, with orders to 
force a passage below the bridge, by felling trees, or fording and engage 
him on the right. This difficult duty was handsomely performed. Howell's 
skirmishers, led by Captains Hooker and Phillips, pushed boldly through 
the swamp, engaged the enemy's battery under a shower of grape, and 
by a well directed fire of musketry, drove the cannoneers from the 
ground, and Hickman's advance appearing simultaneously from the 
left, the enemy f^ed, leaving one of his guns in our possession. The 
brigade in the meantime crossed at the mill, and being joined by the 
Twenty-Third Massachusetts Volunteers, moved forward about three 
miles and bivouacked for the night, the Ninth, New Jersey Volunteers 
with Morrison's Battery, taking up a position about one mile in advance. 
On the following day, December 14th, the line of march was resumed 
at an early hour, and in the usual order. Colonel Hickman's skir- 
mishers were soon engaged with the enemy's outposts, and to support 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON 131 

him, I directed the Eighty-Fifth PeoDsylvania Volunteers to move 
through the wood ou the left of the road, with a view to act against the 
enemy's right. A section of Morrison's Battery was also ordered for- 
ward, supported by the One Hundred and Third Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers, Lieutenant Colonel Maxwell, with directions to take a suitable 
position and open fire. The Eighty-Fifth New York, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Wellman,was then thrown forward and to the right of the road, 
with instructions to engage the enemy on the flank, and press him 
vigorously toward the left. This regiment was soon followed by the 
One Hundred and First Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel Gray, with 
similar orders. In the meantime being informed that a portion of the 
Ninth New Jersey Volunteers were failing in ammunition, I directed the 
Ninety-Second New York Volunteers, Colonel Hunt, to move down the 
road and relieve or support Colonel Hickman, as circumstances mio^ht 
require. All these movements were executed by the several regiments 
with alacrity and precision deserving the highest praise. My whole 
brigade was now in position before the enemy's line ; the fire was heavy 
and ahnost incessant; the wounded were being rapidly brought to the 
rear, and the enemy concealed by the wood, and posted behind an 
almost impassable swamp, maintained his position with stubborn 
obstinacy. All this time and on my application to the Major-General 
Commanding, I was reinforced in succession by the Seventeenth 
Twenty-Third and Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers. These fine 
regiments took their positions with the coolness and precision of vete- 
rans, and the whole line was directed to advance and push the enemy 
at everypoiut. The Major General Commanding, having arrived on the 
ground made further disposition of the troops, and conducted the 
affair to a rapid and successful termination. 

Under my orders to advance, the whole brigade supported on the 
left by other regiments, moved gradually forward, covering towards the 
enemy's line of retreat, driving him from the church and throwing him 
back toward the bridge, over which the main body escaped, leavino- 
several hundred prisoners in our hands. 

The retreat of the enemy was closely followed by the Eighty-Fifth and 
One Hundred and Third Pennsylvania Volunteers on the left (the latter 
suffering severely in crossing the open field) while the Ninety-Sixth and 
Eighty-Fifth New York and the One Hundred and First Pennsylvania 
Volunteers charged from the right. The Ninety-Second New York moved 
along the road in support of the battery. The bridge was fired in 
several places by the enemy, and exposed to a destructive fire of artil- 
lery and musketry from the opposite bank, but every regiment includ- 
ing those from other brigades, seemed to vie with each other in emula- 
tion and pressed forward with unflinching determination. That gallant 
officer, Colonel Gray, Ninety-Sixth New York Volunteers, with his face 



132 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

to the foe, and the colors of his regiment first on the bridge, fell mortally- 
wounded in the hour of victory. 

The flames were extinguished without serious injury to the bridge, 
and my brigade being formed on the opposite bank of the river con- 
tinued its march through the village of Kinston and bivouacked for the 
night on the Goldsboro road. 



Report of Lieutenant Colonel Wilson C Maxwell, One Hundred and 

Third Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry, of Engagement at 

Kinston, December 14, 1862. 

Headquarters, One Hundred and Third Eegiment, 

Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
Camp near New Berne, N. C, December 25, 1862. 

Sir: 

I have the honor to report the action of the One Hundred and 
Third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the engagement at Kinston, 
Sunday, December 14th at 9.40 A. M. I was ordered to move my regi- 
ment forward as a support to one section of Morrison's Battery, having 
the right wing rest on the right, and the left wing on the^ left of said 
section, with orders to direct our movement with the battery. Aftor 
advancing gradually for over lifty rods with said battery we halted, 
-when the Ninety-Second New York Volunteers moved past us, ynd 
filed off in front of the right wing of the One Hundred and Third. 
After remaining not more than one hour in advance they fell back 
across the right wing and re-formed their line in our rear At this time 
Captain Stewart, Assistant Adjutant General, came up and ordered mo 
to move my regiment forward through a swamp of thick undergrowth 
and water from one to two feet deep and about twenty rods wide. 
Immediately after crossing said swamp we received a volley of musketry 
from the enemy's line, vrhich we then learned, vv^as but a few rods in 
our advance. We delivered a volley, lay down under cover of a small 
knoll, reloaded and fixed bayonets, rose, delivered another volley, and 
charged up over the bank. At this time an order from the Eighty-Fifth 
Pennsylvania, which was moving up in rear of the left wing, demanded 
us to cease firing into our own men. The enemy's fire in front of our 
left, was immediately directed on our right, making a connection with 
the fire from our strong line in front, a heavy cross fire, also we were in 
danger of a fire in the rear from the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts whose 
line was immediately in rear of our right wing. Under this combined 
fire, I gave the order to lie down and from this position we again rose, 
charged after the enemy some twenty rods, when the fire was completely 
silenced. 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON I33 

We were then ordered to halt and await the arrival of the battery. 
During this time the Ninety-Sixth New York moved the flank from our 
right and reached the bridge. From the time we first formed our line 
as a support to the battery, until we reached the bridge was from 9.40 
A. M. to 2 P. M. Our loss during this time, out of four hundred and 
thirty actually engaged, was fourteen killed and fifty-eight wounded, 
some of the latter, mortally. During the whole of this time, all of the 
officers and men of the regiment behaved in an exemplary manner, 
showing entire coolness. I will mention that when we made our first 
charge the Tenth Connecticut overlapped our extreme right, two com- 
panies from the second charge, we moved past their line, passing their 
left. Accompanying this, you will find a complete list of the killed 
and wounded made from the Surgeon's report. 
I have the honor to be, sir, respectfully. 
Your obedient servant, 

W. C. Maxwell. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding One Hundred 

and Third Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
To Captain Andrew Stewart, Assistant Adjutant General, Third Brigade, 
Peck's Division. 



Beport of Lieutenant-Colonel Horace A. Manchester, First New York 

Marine Artillery, of Naval Operations on the Neuse River, 

December 12-1,5. 

Headquarters, Marine Artillery. 
New Berne, N. C, December 16, 1862. 
Sir: 

In accordance with your instructions, on the 12th inst., after wait- 
ing until 4 P. M. at Willis Landing, and learning that your boats could 
not reach me for want of water, I proceeded on the Steamer Allison, 
accompanied by the Steamers Ocean Wave, Port Royal, Wilson and 
North State to ascend the Neuse River on a reconnoissance toward 
Kinston. At dusk I anchored in the neighborhood of Lee's Landing, 
about twenty miles from New Berne by the river, making all disposition 
for defence in case of attack. At daylight on the 13th, got under way 
and with much difficulty and labor, worked our way up to within two 
miles of Kinston, meeting with but slight opposition from the guerillas 
on shore, by whose fire, one man of the Allison's crew was seriously 
wounded. About two miles from Kinston upon a turn in the river, we 
suddenly found our boats in face of a 10-gun battery and penned up 
within the banks of the river about one hundred feet wide. 



134 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

I immediately ordered the Port Royal, Ocean Wave and Wilson to 
retire, the North State now having arrived, and interposed the Allison 
between the battery which had opened fire and the boats. The boats 
had to be backed down, as the river would not admit their turning, and 
it took twenty or thirty minutes. 

We replied to the enemy's fire with one Parrott gun, the first fire 
being within cannister range. These shells were exploded within the 
batteries with apparent effect, as the enemy ceased their fire for some- 
time after. It was sunset when the firing commenced and it became 
dark so soon that I was scarcely able to get the boats under the protec- 
tion of the trees, before we were left to grope in total darkness. The 
enemy's shell exploded over and around us, with but little damage. 
The Allison received three shots, one taking off the top of the pilot 
house; the next passing through the roof and through the smoke stack, 
and the third, cutting away some fender and light work. Our boats 
were moved in double line, hay, beef, bread, etc, being packed along 
the sides. The guns were put into battery on the decks, and bags of oats 
spread over the decks. In this position we waited until morning in ex- 
pectation of the enemy's appearance. Several attempts were made to 
reconnoitre our position in the early morning, which were promptly 
defeated by the sentinel's fire. A reconnoisance was made on theirs by 
Lieutenant Doane, but little information gained. Soon after taking up 
our position for the night, we heard heavy firing a few miles to the 
westward of us, which continued about an hour. At daylight the next 
morning, upon examination, I found the largest boat on the bottom and 
that the water had fallen during the night over nineteen inches. I im- 
mediately ordered a lighter boat to hitch on to the Ocean Wave and 
drag her off, and then drop down the river to deeper water. This was a 
slow operation, as we had to go stern foremost and our boats often 
grounded. The forenoon was consumed in getting five miles. Here 
we found the North State, and learned that a force of the enemy was 
about three miles below to dispute our passage down. We turned all 
our boats but the Ocean Wave, and dropped down, two miles farther, 
when we succeeded in turning her. The North State was sent forward 
to find the enemy's position, the others following, to shell them out. 
About a mile from an old dam, at a turn where the water was swift, we 
found the first party, after one of their number had been tumbled into 
the water by a shot. Occasional firing was kept up by the enemy for 
five miles, when we came upon a party lodged behind a log house. 
They stood but one fire from our Parrotts and ran, leaving, as we learned, 
several of their number killed and wounded. Here we learned from a 
contraband that a party of seventy had crossed early that morning to 
obstruct the river at Oldfield Bank Landing, and that, by the addition 
of others, we miglit expect to meet one hundred and forty men there. 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON 135 

We proceeded at once to the place, the enemy keeping up an occasional 
shot at us. Here we found them in possession of both sides of the river 
and occupying the turn, so as to fire in the stern of our boats. They 
opened on the Ocean Wave, with a volley, which was returned with 
interest, and the other boats seeing their position for the fire, opened 
with grape and caanister with such effect that the last boat coming up 
could find no one to fire at. The boats after a brief delay passed on to 
Street's Ferry, where meeting the boats of the Navy, reported to you. 
In the last fight, Edwin J. Perkins of Artillery was killed, 

another of that regiment, and a member of the Signal Corps were 
seriously wounded. Our loss was one killed, and three seriously and 
several slightly wounded. Of the enemy, one was shot from the bridge 
and fell into the water, and two were blown to pieces on the bank. At 
the log house, thirty men are said to have been in it, when two 30-pounder 
Parrotts loaded with cannister were fired through it at a distance of two 
hundred feet, and at the Oldfield Bank, the fire of the Ocean Wave, 
North State and Port Royal was direct and within four hundred feet of 
the enemy. The Ocean Wave a,nd Allison are somewhat disabled, both 
by shot and contact with trees; the North State has lost her rudder. 
The other boats are in good order for use. 

Respectfully, 

H. A. Manchestek, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding, Marine Artillery. 

Commander A. Murray, U. S. Navy. 



CONFEDERATE REPORTS. 

Rejiort of Major-General Gustavus W. Smith, C. S Army, Commanding 

Dejyartment of North Carolina and Southern Virginia, of 

Operations, December 13-18, 1862. 

Peteksburg, Va , December 13, 1862. 

"The force of Suffolk is believed to be still strong and threatening. 
Evans has been fighting all day in advance of Kinston, principally artil- 
lery. We were retiring slowly and at night the enemy were near the 
bridge at Kinston. Evans called for reinforcements. One regiment 
started from here at 8 o'clock, and one more will start at 6 o'clock in 
the morning from this place, and one from the Blackwater. I will 
l>robably not leave this place. 

Is there anything from Fredericksburg? 

G. W Smith, Major-General. 
Hon. James A. Selden, Secretary of War. 



136 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

GoLDSBORO, N. C, December 15, 1862. 
I arrived here at 3 P M. The telegraph with General Evans is cut off. 
By latest information he vras at Falling Cre^k, six miles this side of 
Kinston. Enemy now estimated at thirty thousand, and scouts report 
reinforcements constantly arriving from New Berne. Governor Vance is 
here. He tells me that all accounts agree in stating that our troops 
behaved admirably in the engagement yesterday. 

G. W. Smith, Major-General. 
Hon. James A. Selden, Secretary of War. 



Hon. Jamks A. Selden, Secretary of War. 

P. S. A good many of Evans' troops were cut off, and are now 
coming straggling in across the river. The heavy guns in the battery at 
the obstructions below Kinston had to be abandoned when General 
Evans fell back. They had previously beaten back the gunboats. The 
two hundred men composing the garrison with the field battery, retired 
toward the North and arrived here with their pieces last night. General 
Evans has not furnished me with an estimate of his losses. 



Reports of Brigadier-General Nathan G. Evans, C. S. Army, Command- 
ing Brigade of Operations, December, 13-17. 

Kinston, N. C., December 14, 1862. 

General Foster attacked Kinston yesterday with fifteen thousand men 

and nine gunboats. I fought him ten hours. Have driven back his 

gunboats. His army is still in my front. I have only four regiments 

and will await his attack this morning. I think I can hold my position. 

N. G. Evans, 

Brigadier-General. 
General S. Cooper. 



Headquarters, Evans' Brigade. 
Near Goldsboro, N. C, December 20, 1862. 
Major : 

I have the honor to submit the following report of the action of the 
troops under my command in the recent engagements near Kinston, 
White Hall, and the railroad bridge near this place. 

On Saturday, the 13th inst., the enemy approached Kinston in con- 



TSE MARCH TO KINS TON 137 

siderable force, aad attacked the line of our forces under the immediate 
command of Colonel James D. Radcliffe, North Carolina troops, who 
had taken position in the west side of Southwest Creek. At 10 o'clock 
I arrived on the ground and assumed command, and ordered Colonel 
Radcliffe to take command of the left wing, at the crossing of the upper 
Trent road. The enemy was then attacked at Hines' Mills, while he at- 
tempted to cross the creek. After a sharp engagement of an hour I fell 
back toward the Neuse River, keeping line of battle, and arresting his 
approach about two miles from Kinston bridge. He then attacked in 
considerable force, but retired after an engagement of ten hours. I 
rested on my arms that night in this position, the enemy ceasing fire 
after nightfall. 

" On the morning of the l4th (Sunday^ being informed by Colonel 
Radcliffe that the enemy was approaching his position, I directed him 
to open fire, while I would attack his left. I ordered an immediate 
advance, and soon became engaged with my whole line, with the enemy 
in heavy force, supposed to be about twenty thousand men. 

The action lasted three hours, when ascertaining his greatly 
superior force, I retired with my command across the Neuse Bridge, 
when the enemy pursued with heavy fire, stormed the bridge, and drove 
me back to the town of Kinston, capturing about four hundred, includ- 
ing a number of sick prisoners. Reforming my line with the additional 
reinforcements of Colonel S. H. Rogers, Forty-Seventh Regiment North 
Carolina troops, in a commanding position in the rear of the town, I 
again awaited the attack. About 3 P. M. Major-General Foster sent 
his staff officer, Colonel Potter, to summon us to surrender, which I 
promptly declined. In an hour he commenced shelling the town, but 
hesitated to renew his direct attack. Taking advantage of ray position I 
retired in column to Falling Creek, where the Major-General Command- 
ing had forwarded me additional reinforcements. At this point, a very 
strong position, I encamped for the night. 



Report of Colonel Peter Mallett, North Carolina Battalion, of Engage- 
ment at Kinston, December 14, 1862. 

Fayetteville, N. C, February 20, 1863. 
General : 

Confinement to my bed for the last two months will, I trust, be 
sufficient apology for the delay in reporting to you the part taken by 
my command in the battle at Kinston, Sunday, December 14th, 1862. I 
arrived at Kinston by railroad, Sunday morning at 7 o'clock and im- 
mediately reported to, and was ordered by you to take position with my 



138 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

battalion, consisting of eighteen oflBcers and men in rifle pits on 
the bank of Neuse River to support a South Carolina Battery command- 
ing the county bridge. 

At 8.30 we were in position, and in a few moments musketry firing 
commenced on the left of the line of battle, which was formed on the 
west bank of the river, and at 9 o'clock the first gun was fired by the 
artillery. 

At 9.15 I received an order through one of your aids to march at 
double quick across the bridge. You ordered me to take my command 
through the field on the right of the White Hall road, and engage the 
enemy. We passed through the field, under a fire of shell from the 
enemy (losing one man) to the distance of a quarter of a mile, to a fence 
on the edge of a swamp, on the other side of which the enemy appeared 
to be in force. Here we engaged the enemy for some time, but the 
principal point of attack appeared to be the church, known as Harnet's 
Chapel, on my left where was stationed a section of Starr's battery, 
supported by the Sixty-First Kegiment North Carolina troops under 
Colonel Radcliffe. 

At length the firing upon my part of the line ceased almost entirely. 
Being anxious to charge the enemy and drive him back, I sent Lieuten- 
ant Little to the section of artillery on my left, to ascertain the real 
position of the enemy, and of our forces, ii being impossible to charge 
through the swamp in my front. About the time of Lieutenant Little's 
return (without any accurate information) I received by courier a 
written order from you as follows, " Colonel, Let me know if the enemy 
are in your front. If not, join me at the bridge." 

At this time there being no indication of the enemy in front, I drew 
off in good order, and returned to the bridge, but to my surprise you 
were absent, leaving no order, or instructions for me. Observing that 
the South Carolina battery commanding the bridge, had been removed, 
and the bridge apparently deserted, I considered you were waiting for 
me on the east side, and retreating toward Kinston, I proceeded across 
the bridge. In a few moments, after crossing, I was met by an officer 
of your staff with orders to go back. 

This order I promptly obeyed, marching again at a double quick 
through the same field to my former position under the enemy's artil- 
lery, and was almost immediately hotly engaged with his infantry. In 
about an hour I was with eighty to one hundred men from the Sixty- 
First North Carolina, Lieutenant-Colonel W. S. Evans, commanding, 
who took position on my right. The enemy made a vigorous charge at 
this time on my left and was as vigorously repulsed. Old veterans 
vyould not have met the foe with more coolness and determination than 
these newly tried men. He appeared determined to force his way 
through my lines. At the church I ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Devane 



THE MARCH TO KINSTON 139 

torejnforcemyleft. He took his position promptly and did good service, 
and I here take pleasure in testifying to his coolness and undoubted 
bravery. 

With his assistance, and the company of my right flank, commanded 
by Lieutenant MacRae, ^also ordered to the left, we held the enemy in 
check for some time. My ammunition now began to fail, and after 
sending repeatedly to the rear, could not be replenished. Apprehend- 
ing an attempt to turn my right, Captain MacRae acting as ray lieu- 
tenant-colonel, was directed to observe closely and give me immediate 
notice of any advance in that direction. He repoi'ted the enemy in 
force, but no attempt was made to jfiank me, owing, I suppose, to the 
impenetrable swamp between us. 

At this time having held the enemy in check for about three hours, 
looking in vain for reinforcements, the section of artillery near the 
church retired, I since have learned, for want of ammunition. 

Immediately after, Lieutenant-Colonel Devane sent us word that 
the enemy was flanking us on the left, and withdrew his men toward 
the bridge. Finding myself alone, and the enemy pressing upon us, I 
ordered a retreat, which was made in good order, the men continuing 
their fire with effect. At the bridge I intended to make another stand, 
but on approaching it found it on fire, and crowded with men endeavor- 
ing to cross. A panic ensued The enemy pressed upon us from two 
directions at double quick in large force, and the bridge, the only 
means of escape. While endeavoring to keep the men back, fearing the 
bridge would fall every moment, I was wounded in the leg and obliged 
to relinquish the command to Captain MacRae whose self-possession 
and bravery should not be left unnoticed. 

Being under a heavy cross fire, from an overwhelming force, my 
men and ammunition exhausted, and the bridge impassable, I advised 
Captain MacRae to surrender. The enemy now directed his fire upon 
the retreating troops on the Kinston side. The enemy's force was 
between twenty thousand and twenty-five thousand men, with seventy- 
two pieces of artillery. General Foster admitted to me that we had 
repulsed three of his veteran regiments with a loss of one hundred men, 
since ascertained to be about two hundred ami fifty. 

I regret to report the loss of two of my best officers, who fell at the 
close of the engagement. Lieutenant J. J. Reid, commanding Company 
A, fell by my side near the bridge, and Lieutenant J. H. Hill, command- 
ing Company C, while retreating on the Kinston side. Both led their 
companies gallantly through the entire engagement. Braver or more 
gallant young men never drew a sword. Our loss was seven killed, 
twenty-two wounded, eight missing, and one hundred seventy-five taken 
prisoners. After diligent search and inquiry for Adjutant E. N. Mann 
and Lieutenant R. K. Williams, I am reluctantly forced to include them 
in the list of killed. 



140 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Officers and men, nearly all of whom were under fire for the first 
time, behaved with the coolness, determination and bravery of veterans. 
It would be almost invidious for me to discriminate but I cannot refrain 
from mentioning the conspicuous gallantry and bravery of Lieutenant 
J. R. McLean, commanding Company F. 

Enclosed please find a list of killed and wounded. Twelve killed 
and thirty-four wounded. 

Hoping I may be allowed to engage the enemy under more favorable 
circumstances, I am General, 

Your obedient servant, 

Peter Mallett, 
Colonel Commanding Battalion, 



THIJ MARCH TO KINSTON 141 

RETURN OF CASUALTIES IN THE UNION FORCES. 

Compiled from nominal lists of casualties, returns, etc. 



COMMAND. 



10th Connecticut 

3rd Massachusetts 

5th " 

17th " 

23rd " 

24th " 

25th " 

27th " 

43rd " 

44th " 

45th " 

46th " 

51st " 

9th New Jersey 

3rd N. Y. Cavalry 

3rd N. Y. Light Artillery 

Batteries B, E, F, H, 1, and K 

New York Light Artillery 

24th Battery (section) 

N. Y. Marine Artillery 

85th New York 

92nd " " 

96th •' " 

85th Pennsylvania 

103rd " 

Ist R. I. Light Artillery 

Battery F 

5lh Rhode Island 



Total . 



Killed 






Wounded 



19 



pS 
W 



25 



5 
3 

468 



Captured 
or Mi Being 






12 



100 

2 

7 

32 

67 

8 

5 

3 

4 

21 

77 

4 

2 

95 

10 



32 



1 
3 
3 

19 
7 
9 

69 



7 
4 

591 




Ci^e Eetunt j^arcl^ from d^olDjsboro. 

BY PRIVATE FRANK A. FIELD OF COMPANY A. 

OU have already learned that the Expedition to 
Goldsboro started from New Berne early in the morn- 
ing of December 11th, 1862, the force consisting of 
^{^^\ the three branches of the service. Infantry, Cavalry 
and Artillery, about twelve thousand strong, and an army train 
large enough to carry " our knitting work and slippers" We 
started for a ten days' tramp with three days' rations in our 
haversacks, and seven days' in the army trains. Our cartridge 
boxes, haversacks, etc., were loaded: and with these our rifles, 
overcoats and blankets ; it could also be truthfully said, that we 
were loaded, but I am happy to state, not in the "Gold Cure " 
sense. The object of this expedition (as we afterwards learned) 
was to keep the confederate forces in North Carolina so busily 
engaged, that they could not reinforce General Lee's Army in 
Fredericksburg, where General Burnside was preparing to attack 
them. Battle was offered wherever and whenever we could get 
at them. On our outward march, the careless use of fire arms 
by the confederates in the battles of Kinston, Whitehall and 
Goldsboro made, at times, the return march of those engaged in 
the fights a something of very doubtful quantity. However, 
after five days' marching and fighting, the- column appeared be- 
fore Goldsboro, had a fight, did the work it was sent to accom- 
plish, destroyed the bridge, etc., and on the afternoon of the fifth 
day started on the return trip. In starting from Goldsboro, the 
confederates, whom we had fought and driven, didn't seem to be 
perfectly satisfied with our short sojourn and came across the 
river and attacked our retiring column. The challenge was 
quickly accepted by the Federal forces. The second engage- 
ment seemed to put a quietus on their ideas of insisting upon our 
accepting more of their hospitalities in the way of shot, shell, 
and infantry fire. 

I remember, comrades, as no doubt you do, when the word 

142 



THE RETURN MARCH FROM GOLDSBORO 143 

came down the line that the object of the expedition had been 
accomplished, and we were ordered to take up our line of march 
for New Berne ; at that time, we were in a short strip of woods 
and had just fairly got started, when the word came that the 
rebels had crossed the river and attacked our forces. Of course, 
the return order was countermanded and orders given to advance 
on Goldsboro. The movement not being done very quickly on 
account of our long line stretching down through the woods, 
Colonel Codman put us through a sharp drill in the manual of 
arms at that point. Our Colonel was a good one, and meant, 
and did keep the regiment up to the mark of duty and discipline 
every time. The second engagement did not last a great while, 
as the confederates were soon settled, and then we began our 
return march in earnest. 

We soon went into camp, as it was getting along towards 
night. Of course, the rail fences around our camp paid tribute 
in the way of furnishing wood for camp fires, and rations of hard 
tack and coffee were at once in order. As near as I can remem- 
ber, the boys slept pretty soundly that night, as they were pretty 
tired after the marching and fighting of the previous days. Our 
camp was in an open cornfield. The snoring of the regiment in 
an ordinary hall might be objectionable, but on that particular 
night it doubtless proved a gentle lullaby to those North Caro- 
lina owls roosting in the trees nearby, enjoying the brilliancy 
and novelty of the scene, and picking their teeth by the light of 
our bivouac fires. Next morning "Reveille " was sounded early, 
our blankets were rolled and rations taken care of, and then we 
started on our tramp. 

The thrilling incidents of the outward march were not re- 
enacted, as we had in the three fights shown the enemy that we 
were equal to the occasion of taking care of them, and for that 
reason they probably concluded to let us alone on our return trip. 
I remember that when we arrived at Whitehall where the fight 
occurred at the fork of the roads, at the foot of a small hill in a 
clump of trees, I saw Colonel Codman standing by the new made 
grave of Color Sergeant Parkman. He felt most keenly, as did 
all the regiment, the loss of our noble and brave color sergeant. 



144 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

The position of the regiment in that fight was in a large 
field at the foot of a small hill. We were supporting the Twenty- 
Third Massachusetts, which was stationed on the opposite side 
of the road, in the woods where we first took up our position, 
but later were ordered over the fence and further back. We 
went over and under that fence pretty lively, as we were under a 
very heavy fire. Had our favorable position of lying down been 
interfered with by the driving back of the Twenty-Third Regi- 
ment — which regiment bravely held its ground — both regiments 
would have been badly cut up, as we were in direct line of the 
fire of the confederate batteries, and also had a battery of our 
own stationed in our immediate rear, raining shot and shell over 
us into the confederate ranks and stronghold. Our position was 
a very trying one, as we could not fire a shot, and had to lie very 
close to the ground to prevent being like a pepper box, full of 
holes. 

On the return trip, as on the advance, chickens and other 
live stock that attempted to stay the onward march of our 
column, were, of course, taken care of, as the army claimed the 
right of way. The result of that claim was that our bivouac 
fires put some of the aforesaid live stock in shape to add greatly 
to the material strength of individual members of the corps. 
When we arrived at the battle field of Kinston, we learned of the 
death of comrade Elbridge Graves of our company, who was shot 
in that action, and of whom it can be said, that his company and 
the country could claim no comrade more honest, true and faith- 
ful. We also learned that the dead of that action had been 
buried, and the wounded were sent to the hospitals at New 
Berne. 

We had been ten days on the march, and in three short en- 
gagements, and the boys looked worn and tired as we entered 
New Berne. I remember noticing some of them coming in chafed 
and footsore, looking more like old men of seventy, leaning on 
their staffs, than young men temporarily used up by the fatigues 
of the march. The Invalid Corps which had charge of our camp 
during our trip, received us with open arms. The boys soon be- 
gan to wash up and dig themselves out, so as to be ready for the 



THE RETURN MARCH FROM GOLDSBORO 145 

active duties of camp life ; also to be in readiness for further 
orders from headquarters, which were liable to come at any 
moment for another expedition, tramp or fight. From this ten 
days' experience we learned that war^had its light and dark shades 
by which the makeup of the individual soldier and the army as a 
whole could be tested as regards manhood, heroism and pat- 
riotism. An army in active service is an excellent place to learn 
the exact measure of its component parts whether taken individ 
ually or collectively. 




Catjalr^ €)perationjs on ti^e cBjcpetittton to 
dB'OlDjsitioro. 

COMPILED BY PRIVATE ALBERT W. MANN OF COMPANY A. 

HILE we were engaged wi:h the enemy before Kins- 
ton, the cavalry were busy in another direction. 
Captain Jacobs, with his company of the Third New 
York Cavalry and some light (Third New York) ar- 
tillery, advanced on another road, to the right of the main 
column, and attracted as well as distracted, the attention of the 
enemy. Captain Jacobs came upon a regiment of rebel infantry, 
engaged them, drove them off with artillery, and then charged 
his men across, thereby saving quite an important bridge. 
Another diversion was created by Major Garrard, who sent on 
another road with a portion of ^his battalion of Third New York 
Cavalry, one piece of Allis' flying artillery and two or three light 
field pieces. By this means General Evans was so mystified, re- 
garding our order of movements, that he could not bring the en- 
tire force under his command into operation in such a manner 
as to unitedly affect our main column. 

After our main column had entered Kinston, Captain Cole 
of Company K, Third New York Cavalry, was ordered to pro- 
ceed down the river to the blockade, and where a battery had 
been erected to- play upon our gunboats if they attempted to 
ascend the river. Captain Cole, on arriving at the place — a sort 
of half circular fort with breastworks, a mile and a half long — 
ascertained from a negro that the rebels had moved six brass 
pieces about six hours before he reached there ; that they had 
more guns there; and that a guard had been left to protect them 
until they could be secured, the rebels not having horses enough 
to get them all away. Captain Cole attempted to surround the 
fort and capture what there was remaining in it, when the guard 
discovered his force and decamped for the woods without firing 
a shot. Company K charged on the fort and took possession 

146 



CAVALRY OPERATIONS 147 

thereof, capturing everything in it. The armament remaining 
was found to consist of seven guns, including one eight inch 
Columbiad, two thirty-two pounder iron guns, and four six- 
pounder iron guns. The four latter were found to be loaded, 
primed and ready to be fired, but the brisk movements of Cap- 
tain Cole and his daring company prevented the execution of the 
latter deadly operation. Company K and its commander were 
highly complimented by the Commanding General for their gal- 
lantry on this occasion. A small amount of provisions, clothing, 
etc., was found in the fort, which was left. The four six pounders 
were brought away ; the Columbiad and the thirty-two's being 
too heavy to be removed, were spiked and the carriages burned. 
Captain Cole reached Kinston about midnight with the trophies. 

The next morning at five o'clock he received orders from 
General Foster to return to New Berne with the seven pieces — 
two brass and five iron — captured with other trophies. The two 
brass pieces were the same captured from us at Little Washing- 
ton three months previous. On his way down, Captain Cole 
captured eight rebels and brought them into New Berne. 

December 16th, under cover of the action on both sides. 
Major Garrard, with his command, pressed on past Whitehall, 
and made a rapid march (a distance of over twenty miles) to 
Mount Olive Station, a small place situated on the line of the 
Wilmington & Goldsboro Railroad. Before reaching the town, 
they passed through a swamp and then struck a turpentine path 
and after a full gallop of a distance of over four miles, came out 
at Mount Olive Station at three o'clock in the afternoon. This 
action was a perfect surprise to the people of the place. The 
ticket agent was selling tickets ; passengers were loitering around 
waiting for the cars, the mail for Wilmington laid already on the 
platform, and a few paroled prisoners were in readiness to go to 
Wilmington, probably to fight again. As a matter of course, for 
the time being Major Garrard put everybody under arrest. The 
telegraph wire was immediately and afterwards effectually cut 
and destroyed by Captain Wilson of the Third New York Cav- 
alry. Mount Olive is seventeen miles from Goldsboro. Captains 
Wilson and Pond with their respective commands, of the Third 



148 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

New York Cavalry, were sent seven miles in the direction of Wil- 
mington, to destroy an extensive bridge and trestle work. This 
they accomplished with great labor, after a few minutes' skir- 
mish, and joined our main force at dusk. In connection with 
the destruction of the bridge and trestle work, they also de- 
stroyed the track and set fire to the cross ties in several places. 

At Mount Olive Station, among the private papers of the 
Postmaster, was found the following : 

" Whereas, we the people of the counties of Wayne and Dublin have 
seen a proclamation from the black republican President, Abraham 
Lincoln, calling for seventy-five thousand men, (and a call made on 
North Carolina among the rest,) for the purpose of subjugating bretbren 
of the Confederate States, who are asking nothing but for their rigbts to 
be respected and their institutions let alone, the interest of North Caro- 
lina being identified with the said Confederate States, we, as her citi- 
zens, deem it highly necessary to express our views to the world, irres- 
pective of former party ties ; therefore 

Resolved, that tbe example of our patriotic forefathers is too plainly 
set before us to be unmindful of our duty. We know tbe cause of the 
Confederate States to be tbe supreme interest of North Carolina; there- 
fore, we pledge our fortunes, our lives, and our most sacred honors, in 
the maintenance of the said cause. 

Resolved, that, for the aid and furtherance of said cause and the de- 
fence of our homes and our rights, we will form a military company for 
the purpose of drilling that we maybe the better prepared to defend 
our homes and our country. 

Resolved, that we call upon all good citizens to sustain us and give 
us their aid for the support of our company. 

Rettolved, that the manly and patriotic courage of His Excellency, 
John W. Ellis, in ordering our forts taken and held by troops of this 
State, and his independent denial of troops to Abe Lincoln to sustain 
him in his diabolical policy, meets the entire approbation of this com- 
pany and this community.'' 

While this was being done, Captain Jacobs with a company 
of the Third New York Cavalry, and one piece of Allis' Flying 
Artillery, was sent three and a half miles in the direction of 
Goldsboro, on the line of the railroad, to destroy the track, some 
culverts and a bridge. Just as Captain Jacobs reached the three 
and a half mile point, the mail train from Goldsboro came ratt- 
ling down. The engineer on the train, in coming around a sharp 



CAVALRY OPERATIONS 149 

turn, observed ahead a heavy, dark smoke, and immediately 
whistled down brakes and reversed his order of proceeding. 
Notwithstanding this, Captain Jacobs was enabled to bring his 
piece of artillery into such a position as to give the retreating 
train the force of three shells. After doing his work, and well 
and ably developing the bump of destruction in North Carolina, 
he joined Major Garrard at Mount Olive Station at sundown. 
The force at Mount Olive Station in the meanwhile had taken 
up a large extent of the track, destroyed the switches and did 
all the damage they could ; then about eight o'clock they set out 
for a change of base, made several strategetical movements 
through woods and swamps, and reached the great army about 
midnight, having cut across, as explained above, without moving 
on any main road more than five minutes at a time. We had 
hardly left Mount Olive Station, when the enemy came down as 
near as he could with a so-called " Merrimac Railroad Car" and 
shelled the woods for quite a while. A newspaper correspondent 
who accompanied the cavalry on this little raid says: "On leav- 
ing Mount Olive I paused for a moment to behold the sight pre- 
sented to our view. I saw the railroad apparently on fire for 
miles in extent, huge fires of ties and warping rails, and the 
blank amazement that was but too evident in the faces of our 
now released prisoners. The woods were bright and radiant with 
the reflected light ; our hidden road was also illuminated, and 
all nature seemed changed, as the light reflected on the waters 
in the swamp, if not to one of beauty, at least, to a great degree 
of attractiveness. As we left the place, the boys gave three 
cheers for the Major's success, and later he was highly compli- 
mented by General Foster on making his report of this action." 
" In the battle of the bridge at Goldsboro, the rebels had, 
as prisoners report, between eight and ten thousand troops en- 
gaged. We never had over one-third of our force engaged. 
While the battle was progressing at the bridge. Major Fitzsim- 
mons, with his battalion of the Third New York Cavalry, made 
a dash against Dudley Station, on the line of the Wilmington 
Railroad, five miles from Goldsboro railroad bridge, took several 
rebel pickets prisoners, captured and destroyed a train of four 



150 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

cars, took up three miles of the railroad track, burned some 
trestle-work, a bridge and some little et ceteras, including a most 
complete destruction of the line, and joined the main column 
without loss to his command. The Major also repeated a simi- 
lar experiment at Everett Station, on the line of the same rail- 
road. Major Garrard with his battalion of the Third New York 
Cavalry, went (while the main army was moving) early in the 
morning to Tomkins' Bridge, over the Neuse River. He took 
with him a section of Ransom's Twenty-Third New York Artil 
lery. On arriving in the vicinity of the bridge, Captain Jacobs, 
with his company of cavalry, was ordered to charge down to it. 
He did so, found the bridge in flames, and received fire from the 
enemy. The Major immediately opened fire, with his artillery, 
and at the same time dispatched a messenger to inform General 
Foster with regard to his position, condition, etc. As soon as 
General Foster received the information, he re-inforced the Major 
with four pieces of artillery from Angell's Battery and the Forty- 
Third Massachusetts Regiment under Colonel Holbrook. After 
a fight of over two hours they silenced the enemy's heavy guns 
and musketry and returned to the main column with a loss of 
one killed and four wounded. Before leaving, our forces could 
go anywhere in that neighborhood, along the bank of the river 
without being fired at. The rebels had eight pieces of artillery 
and four regiments of infantry at this bridge. About ten o'clock 
AUis' Flying Artillery and Companies G, A and D of the Third 
New York Cavalry, in attempting to join the main column from 
another direction, were attacked by two pieces of the rebels' 
artillery, and, as is supposed, about a regiment of rebel infantry. 
In less than fifteen minutes our artillery silenced that of the 
enemy. 

In the account of the engagement at Goldsboro railroad 
bridge, no mention is made of the fact that the enemy, on finding 
that our troops were outflanking them by wading through a mill- 
stream, hoisted the gate at the mill and let the water rush down 
with astonishing impetuosity. By this means one or two of our 
men were drowned, while the others still pushed on, with the 
water up to their armpits, regardless of the difticulty. On our 



CAVALRY OPERATIONS 151 

return march we learned by flag of truce from the rebels at Kins- 
ton, that their loss was between eight and nine hundred, and that 
the two South Carolina Regiments that charged Morrison's Bat- 
tery, lost in that charge three hundred and fifty men. Their 
color bearer was shot three times. 

In the Eighty-Sixth Pennsylvania, one of the privates at the 
battle of "Kinston had a pack of playing cards in the breast 
pocket of his coat. A musket ball from the rebels passed clear 
through the pack, hardly bruising the skin." 




m^t ConfcDtjcate account of ti^e (BolDjSboro 
€icpet)itton. 

FROM CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY, VOLUME IV. 
Edited by General Clement A. Evans of Georgia. 

ECEMBER 11th, 1862, two days before the battle of 
Fredericksburg, General Foster left New Berne, N. C, 
with a force of ten thousand infantry, six batteries 
having in all forty pieces of artillery, and six hun- 
dred and forty cavalry. On the 13th, Foster had reached South 
West Creek not far from Kinston. The confederates had de- 
stroyed the bridge, and Colonel Radcliffe's Sixty-First North 
Carolina Regiment was posted on the west side to delay Foster's 

advance. 

The Ninth New Jersey and Wessell's Brigade crossed over 
the creek and after an engagement of about an hour General N. 
G. Evans, commanding the confederates, was obliged to with- 
draw. He took position on the Neuse river about two miles from 
Kinston bridge. To opposeToster's ten thousand men. General 
Evans had the Seventh, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third South 
Carolina Volunteers and Holcombe's Legion, also South Caro- 
linians; in addition, he had the Sixty-First North Carolina 
Regiment, Mallett's North Carolina Battalion, and Boyce's South 
Carolina, and Starr's and Bunting's North Carolina Batteries, in 
all two thousand and fourteen men. While Evans was moving 
from the creek to the river, a fleet of small gunboats that had 
come up from New Berne to attack the works at Kinston, under 
Commander Murray, endeavored to get in reach of the works. 
Owing to too low water, only one of the boats, the Allison, came 
into action, and Colonel S. D. Pool's Battalion of heavy artillery 
soon drove it back. 

BATTLE OF KINSTON. 

On the 14th, General Evans with his South Carolina Brigade 
on the left and the North Carolinians under Radcliffe on the 

162 



THE CONFEDERATE ACCOUNT 153 

right, awaited Foster's attack. Foster sent in Wessell's Brigade 
and batteries, supporting Wessell's by Amory's Brigade, and 
then by Stevenson's Brigade. The odds were, of course, too 
great for Evans, and after two hours and a half of stubborn con- 
tention, he was forced back across the bridge and followed so 
closely, that, at the crossing, four hundred of his men were cap- 
tured. Evans reformed his broken lines, and was joined by the 
Forty-Seventh North Carolina Regiment which had just arrived, 
under Colonel S. H. Rogers. General Foster sent in a demand 
for the surrender of the Confederates, but, of course. General 
Evans promptly declined compliance. General Evans retreated 
to Falling Creek. General Foster did not pursue but recrossed 
the river and continued on towards Goldsboro. 

BATTLE OF WHITEHALL. 

On arriving at Whitehall, eighteen miles from Goldsboro, 
General Foster found the bridge burned, and General B. H. Rob- 
ertson of General Evans' command, posted on the opposite side 
of the river ready for battle. General Robertson having under 
his command the Eleventh North Carolina, Colonel Leventhorpe, 
the Thirty-First, Colonel Jordan ; six hundred dismounted cav- 
alry men from Ferrebee's and Evans' regiments, and a section of 
Moore's battery, under Lieutenant N. McClees, had been sent to 
burn the bridge. General Foster sent forward the Ninth New 
Jersey Regiment, followed by Amory's Brigade and eight batter- 
ies took position on the river bank. A heavy artillery and infan- 
try fire commenced at nine thirty on the 16th. General Robert- 
son says in his report : " Owing to the range of hills on the 
Whitehall side, the enemy had the advantage of position. The 
point occupied by his troops being narrow, not more than one 
regiment at a time could engage him. I therefore held Leven- 
thorpe, Ferrebee and Evans in reserve, leaving the artillery (two 
pieces,) Thirty-First Regiment, and two picked companies in 
front. The cannonading from the enemy's batteries became so 
terrific that the Thirty-First Regiment withdrew from their posi- 
tion without instructions, but in good order. I immediately 
ordered Colonel Leventhorpe forward. The alacrity with which 



154 THE FOBTT-FIFTH IlE(;iMENT, M. V. M. 

the order was obeyed by his men, gave ample proof of their gal- 
lant bearing, which they so nobly sustained during the entire 
fight, which raged with intensity. The conduct of this regiment 
reflects the greatest credit on its accomplished and dauntless 
commander." The two guns of McClees were no match for the 
many batteries across the Neuse, but he served them with cool- 
ness and gallantry. Captain Taylor, of Foster's Signal Corps 
reported that " the lire from the Eleventh was one of the severest 
musketry fires I have ever seen." 

Colonel W. J. Martin, historian of the Eleventh Regiment, 
says of the conduct of his regiment : " Posted along the river 
bank, from which another regiment had been driven back, it was 
pounded for several hours at short range by a terrific storm of 
grape and cannister, as well as musketry ; but it never flinched 
and gained a reputation for endurance and courage which it 
proudly maintained to the fateful end." The Eleventh Regiment 
that thus distinguished itself was the first regiment organized in 
North Carolina, and while known as the First North Carolina, 
fought in the Battle of Bethel. General Robertson reported his 
loss at ten killed and forty-two wounded. The Federal loss 
eight killed and seventy-three wounded. 

BATTLE OF GOLDSBORO. 

After this brush with Robertson, Foster moved on towards 
Goldsboro, his main object being to burn the railroad bridge 
there. 

At and near the bridge were stationed General Clingman, 
with the Eighth, Fifty-First, and Fifty-Second North Carolina 
Regiments, under Colonels H. M Shaw, W. A. Allen and J. K. 
Marshall ; Companies B, G, and H, Tenth Artillery, acting as in- 
fantry under Lieutenant-Colonel S. D. Pool, and Starr's Battery. 
Other troops were in the vicinity, but for reasons not now appar- 
ent, were not moved to the bridge in time to assist the men en- 
gaged. The Sixty-First Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Devane 
arrived on the field during the engagement and reported to Brig- 
adier-General Clingman, in time to take part in the afternoon 
action. 



THE CONFEDERATE ACCOUNT 155 

When General Foster reached a point near Goldsboro he 
ordered five regiments to move down the railroad track and burn 
the bridge. A regiment was sent with them to protect the 
flank. General Wessell's Brigade was advanced to be in sup- 
porting distance of the advance. The Federal regiments and 
artillery attacked promptly. All the Federal artillery seems, 
according to Foster's report, to have been engaged at the 
bridge. The attack fell principally on the Fifty-First and 
Fifty-Second Regiments, on the south side of the bridge, 
and on Pool's four companies on the north side of the 
bridge. Starr's two pieces opened. The two regiments were 
unable to hold their own, broke, were reformed again by General 
Clingman, and then driven back to the county bridge. As these 
regiments were in retreat, Lieutenant George A. Graham, of the 
Twenty-Third New York Battery, rushed gallantly forward, and 
in spite of the efforts of Pool's men to reach him with their rifles, 
set fire to the bridge. General G. W. Smith reported that as 
Clingman's Regiments fell back, General N. G. Evans arrived on 
the field with his South Carolina Brigade and assumed command. 
By his direction the Fifty-First and Fifty-Third supported by 
Holcombe's Legion, made a charge against H. C. Lee's Brigade, 
of which that officer said : " A portion of the enemy, instantly,' 
with loud cheers, charged up the hill towards the battery, and 
bore up steadily in the face of a well directed and most des'truc- 

*^^^ fi^^ The enemy, meanwhile, had been staggered by 

the crushing fire of the batteries, and at sight of my supporting 
regiments broke and fled in disorder to the woods. His retreat 
was covered by a heavy fire from the battery on his right which 
inflicted on my command a loss of three killed and nineteen 
wounded." "This battery," as Colonel Lee calls it, was one 
gun of Lieutenant Fuller's section of Starr's, the other gun was 
overturned. Lieutenant Fuller acted with great coolness, and 
showed a soldier's aptitude for finding and striking the enemy. 
General Clingman said of the determined manner in which Lieu- 
tenant Fuller fought his solitary gun : " Lieutenant Fuller with 
the greatest gallantry continued to reply until darkness put an 
end to the contest." 



156 THE FOHTY-FIFTII BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

After the afternoon engagement General Foster withdrew 
his troops and returned to New Berne. The total Federal losses 
during this expedition was five hundred and ninety-one killed and 
wounded.* The total Confederate loss, as reported by General 
Smith, was three hundred and fifty. 



What some of the southern papers had to say about our 
Expedition to Goldsboro, at the time. 

The Raleigh State Journal, of the 18th. inst. (December, 
1862,) states that nine regiments and two batteries of artillery 
arrived there on Tuesday, and several brigades are on their way. 
By this time the force in and around Goldsboro is sufficient to 
battle, if not capture the invaders. 



The Richmond Examiner states the Confederate forces at 
Goldsboro, on Wednesday evening (December 17th,) to be about 
seventeen thousand, with reinforcements hourly arriving and ex- 
pected. General Smith is represented as sanguine of success, 
and it is reported, that General Lee telegraphed him that he 
could spare him, if necessary, thirty thousand men. 



The railroad south of Goldsboro has been torn up for some 
distance by the enemy, and all communication with Wilmington 
is cut off. 



A later dispatch to the North Carolina Standard states that 
the enemy have disappeared from south of Goldsboro. 

The Richmond papers of the 20th, state that an official dis- 



*NoTE. It is evident the loss reported by General Smith refers 
only to killed and wounded, for in the Confederate account of the battle 
of Kinston — a loss of four hundred men by capture is acknowledged. 

A. W. M. 



THE CONFEDERATE ACCOUNT 157 

patch was received at the War Department yesterday, from Gen- 
eral Lee, stating that there were symptoms that the enemy were 
retiring to the Potomac. 



GoLDSBORo, N. C, Dec. 19, P M 

arnJ^pnT'' w?"^"'' ''^'"' ^°^'°''' °° '^' Wilmington Railroad, has 
arrived from W.lmmgton. He passed over the entire track on a hand 

TJ: ?v. 'm^^' ^' '^° ''P*'' "" ^^"'^^'' *" *^° d^y«. '^"d the bridge 
over the Neuse, m six or eight. All quiet here. 



A reconnoissance last night by a squadron of the Third 
North Carolina Cavalry, under Captain Canoway, found the 
enemy encamped about two miles below Whitehall. 

Rumor in the streets this morning says reinforcements 
passed Kinston, on the south side of the Neuse river, to succor 
their skedaddling friends. 




Cl^e pcjosonal €jcpertencc of a ComraDe 

i^ounDeD in t\^t 13attlc of ^^itei^all, 

^tctmhn xott^, 1862. 

CORPORAL LUTHER F. ALLEN OF COMPANY A. 

HE day after the Battle of Kinston, December 15th, 
after burning the bridge, we marched on along the 
j^ river road towards Whitehall. A night's rest in 
bivouac, and we resumed our march the next morn- 
ing and soon heard the roar of battle in our front. 

The location of the battle field of Whitehall was on a level 
piece of ground with slight elevations on our left and rear. As 
our Regiment was being brought into position, our worthy Colonel 
saw, or thought he saw, something out of order, and immediately 
began to put us through a drill to straighten us out, and I dis- 
tinctly remember one of his orders, namely, " On the right by 
files into line," and the way it was executed was lively indeed, 
and must have pleased our Captain, as it was done " with a 
snap," the air meanwhile, being heavily impregnated with shot 
and shell. Soon we were stationed immediately in front of one 
of our batteries, as support, in case of a sudden charge of the 
enemy. 

This position was one of great peril, as this Artillery Duel, 
as it is called, was in full play, and the noise of the combined 
batteries, composed of forty-six guns, was something awful. We 
could feel the windage of every shot that passed over our heads, 
and it was soon found necessary for our gunners to train their guns 
for lower fire, and we were ordered to "lie down," which we did 
very quickly, as the iron hail was growing fiercer every minute. It 
is needless to say that not a man had any objection to obeying the 
order. As soon as we were stretched on the ground, it seemed 
as if the artillery had gained a great advantage, and were bound 
to make the most of it, for they worked their guns for all they 

158 







HENRY R. THOMl'iON, CO. A 
CORP. LUTHER F. ALLEN, CO. A 



DANIEL \V. FISHER, CO. I 
L. HENRY WHITNEY, CO. A 



EXPERIENCE OF A COMRADE WOUNDED 159 

were worth and the noise was enough to satisfy any one. We 
were soon made to understand that we were not on a "picnic." 

While in this position, I was struck on the neck near the 
spine by a piece of a three or four inch shell, which paralyzed me 
as far down as my waist, and to my finger's ends, so that I did 
not know when it was done. As I gradually came to conscious- 
ness, I found that I was bleeding freely, with a pool of blood 
under my chin, and my clothing soaked with blood. I found 
near my head a piece of iron about a third of a shell, which was, 
no doubt, the cause of my trouble. After examining it, I threw it 
away. I immediately spoke to Captain Denny, and he detailed 
Orderly-Sergeant Barstow and Comrade Merriam to help me to 
the rear a little way, where members of the Band took me on a 
stretcher still farther to the rear, and placed me in a gravel pit, 
where the wounded were being cared for, and where I saw our 
noble Color Sergeant, Theodore Parkman, dying from the effects 
of a shot in the head. 

After this episode the Regiment was ordered to fall back 
behind a rail fence so that the artillerymen could train their 
guns still lower. I can remember the position of but one other 
regiment, that of the Twenty-Third Massachusetts, which was 
on our left and in advance, lying flat on the ground, as we were. 
Soon after the Third Rhode Island Battery occupied our first 
position, and began to pour a deadly fire across the river. While 
in our first position I saw the working of the Signal Corps, sta- 
tioned on rising ground at our left, where they could see the 
position of the enemy and signal to General Foster and Staff who 
were on the right, and in advance just out of the line of fire. 

HOW WE GOT BACK TO NEW BERNE. 

As [ said before, I was placed in a gravel pit with the other 
wounded men. When the firing ceased, two comrades of Com- 
pany A came to the rear to find me, and seeing an ambulance 
near they helped me into it. I had just got comfortably fixed, 
when the driver came along and said I must get out, as that was 
a New Jersey ambulance, so that I was put on the ground again, 



160 THE FORTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

and laid there until* about dark when I was taken to a small 
house where the surgeons were busy as bees, attending to the 
wounded, who were there in great numbers. I was placed on 
the floor of a small room with two other men, one of whom I 
soon found was a New Jersey artilleryman, named Manchester. 
After the worst cases were disposed of, the surgeon and a helper 
dressed my wound at about 9 P. M. The next day, Wednesday, 
the 17th, we were loaded into one of the empty army wagons that 
were coming back from the front, not very comfortable vehicles, 
but all that could be had. 

I was put in with two other men. One was named Johnson, 
a Third New York artilleryman, who had lost both hands by the 
premature discharge of his gun, and the other a Dutchman, of 
the One Hundred and Third Pennsylvania, whose back was 
broken by a falling tree. 

Having the use of my hands, and the other men being com- 
pletely used up, I attended to them, as best I could, but there was 
little to do, as neither of us had anything to eat or drink, and 
our appetites were becoming ravenous. We jogged along in our 
United States gig until we reached the burned bridge at Kinston, 
where a hospital had been improvised in the building nearest to 
the bridge. Here many who had fallen out from various causes 
together with wounded men, were being cared for. As we halted 
here for a rest, some of the men came out to see us, and among 
others. Comrade Wilmonton of Company A., whose feet were so 
chafed that he was unable to march farther. He was acting as 
nurse. I asked him if he had any " hardtack," and he went into 
the house and brought out one whole tack and a few pieces, 
which I soon divided and fed to Johnson, the Dutchman and 
myself. We called it a treat. Soon the train of wagons began 
to move again toward New Berne, and continued down the Neuse 
road until darkness came upon us when the train stopped in the 
road, and the drivers unhitched their horses, put up their feed 
troughs, at the back of the wagons, fed their horses and fastened 
them there for the night. 

With this train was a small army of those who were disabled 
in various ways, but could travel and look out for themselves. 



EXPERIENCE OF A COMRADE WOUNDED 161 

These were soon busy building tires and mak^ing coffee for their 
supper, but there was none for us in the wagon. The sight of the 
road for a long distance was weird in the extreme, with men mov- 
ing about the fires, the wagons in the midst of the road, and 
with all, no noise, as we were in the enemy's country, without a 
guard. 

Finally we began to get settled for the night, but as our 
driver had captured a young goat the day before, and its contin- 
ued bleating did not conduce to sleep, we were ready to put an 
end to its little life. All things have an end, and so that night 
wore away and we began to move again. Continuing the march 
without rations, we reached a small house near the river, where 
we were to wait for steamers, that were coming down with 
wounded men from the front. At this house, which had no con- 
veniences for taking care of wounded men, we waited one day and 
two nights. The nurses detailed to care for us found that the 
owner of the place had a small pig and some corn meal, so we 
fared sumptuously on boiled pork without salt, and corn bread — 
a fare that we would loathe at home, but hunger made it a sweet 
morsel. 

Many of the men were camped in the yard by the day, but 
as darkness came on they filed into the house and packed it full. 
On Saturday, December '20th, two wheelbarrow steamers arrived 
about 10 A. M., from up the river, and we were placed on board 
wherever we could. The boat was so crowded that the nurses 
could move around only by stepping over and between men, who 
were lying wounded on the deck in every conceivable manner. 
The worst cases were cared for in the cabin, where one or more 
died, on the passage to New Berne. 

I was fortunate in getting a seat on the rail of the boat, and 
found a Manchester man, George A. Brown, Jr., a member of the 
Twenty-Third Massachusetts, who was disabled by a shot strik- 
ing under his feet in the ground, making it impossible for him to 
march further. Food was scarce, and if ever in my life I was 
hungry, it was on the 20th of December, 1862. The captain of 
the boat was a pompous individual, trimmed in gold lace, but so 
intoxicated he did not seem to know what he was doing. We 



162 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

steamed along very well for a while, when the boat with its load 
of suffering men struck the shore, and swung around in such a 
manner that the trees on the bank scraped the poor fellows on 
the deck like a brush harrow. The captain swore, and gave his 
orders in a thick voice, and then the boat would reach the op- 
posite bank and strike in the same manner. This went on for 
some time until a negro, who was sober, took the helm, then we 
proceeded all right until about nine o'clock in the evening when 
we arrived off the city of New Berne. Here there were no 
wharves for such steamers, so we all had to be taken in boats to 
the shore. I was fortunate in getting ashore in one of the first 
boats, and my Twenty-Third Massachusetts friend, being posted 
in the city, directed me to the Foster General Hospital while he 
went to his camp beyond the city. 

This hospital, a fine stone structure, was originally the head- 
quarters of the Masonic Fraternity of the State of North Caro- 
lina. I went to the office, and one of the attendants asked me 
if I was to be in Bennett's Ward. I said "Yes, I guess so," not 
knowing or caring who Bennett was. I was numb and cold, and 
weak from loss of blood and as hungry as a man could be, so this 
man told me to go into the kitchen, and the cooks would give me 
something to eat. The sight of that kitchen, with a large cauld- 
ron of beans, hot and steaming for the wounded, who were ex- 
pected to come in at any moment, the warmth of the room, the 
great dipper of stewed beans, will never be forgotten to my latest 
day. 

After getting warm and doing justice to the ample meal, I 
went back to the office and was put to bed in Bennett's ward, his 
first arrival. As my clothing was taken off my vest was like a 
piece of tin, and would stand upright, being saturated with 
blood. 

The next day, Sunday, General Foster and his young 
daughter called and had pleasant words for the men. This ward 
was the hall of the Grand Lodge of Masons. It walls were cov- 
ered with the emblems of the Order painted very artistically. 
The ceiling, dome shaped, was covered with paintings and gold 
stars and was a pleasanter sight than bare walls. In a short time 
all the beds throuehout the building: were tilled. 



In the Bosion Eveni?ig Transcript oi January 22, 1863, ap- 
peared the following beautiful poem, which is inserted here, as 
an appropriate place. It was signed "Co. A. 45th Mass." The 
author is unknown but it is generally believed that it was written 
by the late Lieutenant George E. Pond of Company A. 

^ ^olDter'js Letter. 

" Our van had pressed onward the whole weary way, 
The boys were all hopeful, and some few were gay, 
As we neared the thick wood which covered the foe, 
We halted at last; 
And pulses throbbed fast, 
As each felt the cold dread 
That before the day fled 
Some one of our number in death might lay low. 

Soon the artillery passed by at full speed; 

Soon followed the horsemen, each urging his steed; 

Then while we at the front stood waiting the sign, 

Up rose the Soul's prayer! 
" Oh God ! my life spare !" 

Now shoulder to shoulder, 

Each brave heart grew bolder. 
As " Forward," came thundering along the line. 

We had heard this same order the long march through. 
But now it was freighted with import anew; 
The Onset was ours; who the End could foretell '? 

All death fear was gone, 

All thought of self flown. 

And not a step faltered, 

And not an eye altered. 
As we closed in the track of our pioneer shell. 

How the next command thrilled us, "Advance and Fire!" 
With the enemy's shot whizzing faster and nigher; 
One sole duty was ours, to hear and obey. 

We loaded and fired. 

We loaded and fired. 

My good limbs did their part, 

But my spirit dispart 
From the terrible Conflict sped far away. 
163 



164 THE FOliTY-FIFTJI REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

I was with you, dear friends, in the old hallowed spot, 
I traced each loved feature, each scene unforgot. 
You were sad, my heart was o'erflowing with joy. 

My snailes met your tears. 

Hopes mingled with fears. 

You dreamed not, dear brother. 

Dearest father and mother, 
That near you was hovering your own soldier boy. 

Well, the batile was fought- we carried the day; 

The whisper now ran, " Wlio had fallen in the fray?" 

In low accents, the name of poor ' Graves ' was given, 
Of our bravest and best. 
One had gone home to rest ; 
And the while we marched through 
Conquered Kinston, we knew 

Our beloved young Comrade had passed into Heaven." 






.1 t , 



v AVb.N-a-f ft 1. ^ ft <i i ' '* * ' " ' < ii 



THE Halt 




CORP. ALBERT A. CHITTENDEN, COMPANY A 



Regimental Colotjg auD tl^e Color (Bmrh. 

BY CORPORAL ALBERT A. CHITTENDEN OF COMPANY A, A MEMBER 
OF THE COLOR GUARD. 



|BOUT the middle of September, 1862, in response to 
^ this notice, and others similar to it, several compan- 
^ les recruited for the Forty-Fifth Regiment, M. V. M, 
-^ were occupying new barracks at Readville, Mass. 



Headquarters, Company G, Forty-Fifth Regiment, M. V. M. 

Tremont Temple, Boston, September 12th, 1862. 
Sir: 

You are hereby ordered to report at this Office, on Monday, Septem- 
ber 15, promptly at 1.30 P. M., to proceed to Camp at Readvi^ie 

i, «/' /r ^^^ ^' ^ ^^^^^ ''' ^'"*°^ Government Blankets, each man 
IS advised o bring one, and an overcoat. He will also bring his Sur 
geon s Certificate. Also 2 woolen shirts and 3 pairs stockings 

Per order of 

Captain Sturgis. 
Note. Company G afterwards became Company A. 

The barracks at Readville were soon equipped with flag- 
poles, each fiying a national flag contributed by the several com- 
panies. Every morning there was a friendly competition as to 
which company should have its colors first at the peak, after the 
firing of the sunrise gun. Some of these flags are still in exist 
ence. Company A had the pleasure, at a recent reunion in Bos- 
ton o seeing their old Company flag brought from St. Louis by 
Orderly-Sergeant Barstow, to whom it was donated upon our 
muster out. The 1st day in November was a very busy and in- 
teresting day at Camp Meigs, being the occasion of the gift from 
lady friends of the Regiment,'of a Massachusetts State Banner 
The following is a copy of the correspondence and a description 
ot the occasion. 



165 



166 THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

PRESENTATION OF COLORS TO THE CADET REGIMENT. 

The largest number that has yet visited Camp Meigs, at Readville, 
attended yesterday, Saturday afternoon, November 1, 1862, to witness 
the presentation of a beautiful Regimental State flag to the Forty-Fifth 
Cadet Regiment, — a gift from tlie ladies of Massachusetts; of which 
the following correspondence affoi'ds an explanation: — 

Boston, Oct. 30, 1862. 

CoL. Chakles R. Codman, Forty-fifth Regt. Mass. Vols. 

Sir: 

It is our lileasing duty, on behalf of nearly one hundred ladies 

(whose names we will send you in a day or two,) to offer to the regiment 

Under your command a stand of regimental colors. 

We hope it may give the regiment as much pleasure to receive them 

as it gives these ladies to offer them. 

Will you please name a day and hour when it will be convenient to 

receive these colors at your camp with the usual formalities? 

Rev. Dr. Lothrop will make the presentation. 

Respectfully yours, 

F. H. Peabody, ) ri -^t 
E. W. Kinsley; j Committee. 



Boston, Oct. 30, 1862. 
Messrs. F. H Peabody and Edward W. Kinsley. 

Gentlemen, — In behalf of the Forty-fifth Regiment of Massachu- 
setts troops, I beg to thank you, and, through you, the ladies you repre- 
sent, for their kindness and thoughtfulness in desiring to present a stand 
of colors to the regiment. 

That such a kindly thought has been entertained, is a source, I am 
sure, of the greatest pride and pleasure to every officer and soldier under 
my command. 

In their name,'! accept the standard; and, in compliance with your 
request, would designate Saturday next, Nov. l,at three and a half p.m., 
as the day and hour for making the presentation. 
Very gratefully and truly yours, 

Chakles R. Codman, 
Colonel commanding Forty-fifth Mass. 

The donors were from all parts of the State ; and many, with their 
sympatliizing friends, were present to witness the ceremony. Governor 
Andrew and a number of military gentlemen were in attendance; com- 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUARD 167 

prising General Samuel Andrews ; General Pierce, commandant of the 
post ; Colonels Burrell, Holbrook, and Holmes, with members of their 
staffs. 

The regiment was formed in three sides of a hollow square, on the 
parade-ground, at four o'clock; and the Rev. Dr. Lothrop, on behalf of 
the ladies, presented the flag in the following eloquent speech: — 

KEV. R SAMUEL K. LOTHROP's ADDRESS. 

Colonel Codman, — It is with mingled pleasure and anxiety that I 
find myself honored with the duty of presenting to you, and, through 
you, to the regiment you command, this standard in behalf of the ladies 
whose subscriptions have procured it, and of whose patriotic principles, 
of whose interest in your welfare, and of whose sympathy in all you 
may do or dare, suffer or sacrifice, in your country's cause, it is a noble 
emblem and a blessed testimony. 

It is expected of me that I should say something appropriate to this 
occasion. Yet what language, what forms of speech that rhetoric could 
coin or mortal lips utter, can be so eloquent or so impressive as the stern 
facts of which this presentation is the indication, or the circumstances, 
solemn and touching in their appeal to all our hearts, under which it is 
now made? 

Our country is at war, — a war within its own borders ; at war with a 
portion of its own citizens; at war to preserve its institutions from de- 
struction, its government from overthrow, its union from being broken 
and severed: and no language can add to the force with which this fact 
appeals to every thoughtful mind and patriotic heart. You and the 
officers under your command have felt the force of this appeal, and have 
been organized, under the authority of the Government, to serve in the 
Volunteer Army of the United States; all of you, I believe, from the 
most patriotic motives, and many of you, as I know, at large sacrifices 
of personal interest and convenience, and from a deep sense of duty, — 
deep enough to triumph over all the strongest and tenderest affections 
of your hearts. 

From my long connection as chaplain of the Independent Com- 
pany of Cadets, — at whose suggestion and through whose influence this 
regiment has been raised, and out of whose ranks it has been so largely 
officered, — I have, from the beginning, felt a deep interest in its char- 
acter and success as a military organization. I know, as you do, how 
gladly, when this enterprise was first started, some of the officers of 
that old and honorable corps would have given themselves to this 
service, and taken the jjlaces which naturally belonged to them in this 
regiment, had they not been restrained, some of them by physical in- 
firmity, others of them by domestic relations of such a character, that to 
join you would have been the neglect and the dereliction of a higher 



168 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

duty. I know also,whal you do not, and what your modesty may have 
concealed from you, that there is no man whom the commander and the 
superior officers of that corps would have so confidently designated for 
the responsible post you occupy, as yourself. They know that you are 
a good soldier, of some experience, well instructed in military tactics, 
in the discipline of the camp, and competent to command men. They 
know you to be just, firm, considerate, independent, reliable. They 
know and believe that you will watch over these one thousand men, and 
take care of them in all the ways and in all the interests in which, as 
their commander, it is your duty; and that, whenever the dread hour 
comes, — as come it soon may,^you will lead them into battle, cool, 
calm, with undaunted courage, and with that fear of God, that fear of 
failing and shrinking from duty, which shall banish all other fear from 
your soul. 

While I thus allude to the confidence reposed in yourself, I may 
oongratulate you on the material of your regiment, — the officers and 
men whom you have to command. I know very many of them. I know 
the high tone of their character and the purity of their principles. I 
know their substantial worth as men, as citizens, and as Christians. I 
know and have observed the order, the dignity, the temperance, the 
manifest conscientiousness, that have prevailed, and been exhibited in 
this camp from its formation. I know, what many outside do not, that 
you may go through these barracks in the evening, and that often you 
will hear the voice of prayer. — oot from the reverend chaplain (though 
his voice, God Almighty bless him in his work! will never be wanting 
either in prayer or instruction), but from the men, who are brothers in 
arms and brothers in Christ; and I tell you, sir, — I speak it not profes- 
sionally, but from a deep conviction, founded on the philosophy of 
human nature, — that the men who pray are the men to tight. They fear 
God; in a righteous cause, they fear nothing else; and surely this is a 
righteous cause. 

I may not detain you to dwell upon the character of this war, nor is 
it necessary : but I maybe permitted to say very brietly, that if ever 
there was a rebellion utterly, absolutely, without any justifying cause, 
in any oppression endured, any wrong done by the Government to those 
who have instigated it, — if ever there was a rebellion ignoble and un- 
worthy in its objects, it is this. If ever there was a political crime 
worthy the sternest condemnation of the civilized world, and against 
which the cry of outraged humanity should gu up from all corners of the 
earth, it is the crime of disturbing the peace of thirty millions of people, 
and deluging this continent with blood and tears; it is the crime of at- 
tempting to overturn this Government, to break up and destroy the 
union of these United States, and to raise on its ruins and over a large 
portion of its territory a government, which, from its very nature aijd 
institutions, must be adverse to the liberties and progress of mankind. 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUARD i69 

The thing has grown upon us so gradually, that its wickedness does 
not shock us as it ought; and the Government, and the people at the 
North, seem to me never to have been moved by the feeling of intense 
Christian indignation against the authors and abettors of this war which 
they would be justified in feeling, and which they must feel before they 
can go into it, and conduct it with the energy that will triumph. There 
should be on your part a fixed, earnest, indomitable determination that 
this crime shall not prosper, that this rebellion shall not succeed, that 
this Government and country shall not be broken up and ruined- and 
however dark the present hour,-and it is not dark to the hopeful - 
however gloomy our prospect8,-and they are not gloomy to those who 
trust and have faith,-and whatever of failure or defeat may have over- 
taken our arms-and yet they have done much and often triumphed 
nobly,-we must not give way to despondency, nor seek to effect bv 
compromise what should be done by force, or reach through policy what 
should be achieved through victory. If millions of treasure have been 
expended, millions more must be spent if need be; if thousands and 
tens of thousands of lives have been sacrificed, thousands and tens of 
thousands more must be ready for the sacrifice if demanded Xo 
amount of treasure that can be calculated or measured, no amount of 
reasure, whether of money or of life, is to be put in the balance against 
the awful necessity that rests upon us to rescue our country from the 
grasp of this gigantic Rebellion, the success of which, if permitted, will 
be to the shame of our manhood, to the dishonor of our principles, and 
we know not what amount of misery, degradation, and ruin to our 
country. 

Shut up to a terrible necessity, with sharp and terrible passages of 
confi.ct before us, God commands us now, as, long ages ago, he com- 
manded through Moses, " Say to the children of Israel that they .« for- 
ward. You and your officers and men have understood that command 
and are ready to obey; and the hour of your departure is at hand I 
need not say to you, that departure is a matter of as deep Interest to us 
as to yourselves. You are our friends, our neighbors, our fellow-citi- 
zens Among you are, to some of us, fathers, husbands, sons, brothers 
bone of our bone, flesh of our flesh. Our hearts go with you; our ten- 
deres sympathies will follow you. Our prayers shall ascend con- 
tinually to the Almighty for your safety,-earnestly, for your 
safety,-but more earnestly that you do your dutv well and bravelv- 
for there IS something of the Spartan mother in all our hearts; and we 
would rather have any of you brought home dead upon his shield, than 
knowthat you had failed in duty,-had saved life, but tarnished it with 
an unmanly cowardice and a base dishonor. 

You will fight under the banner of the Union,-the glorious Stars 
and Stripes,-that good old flag which carried our fathers through the 



170 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Revolution, and in whose a^rand folds there still slumbers the power of 
a free people. But you will fifjht also under a Massachusetts flag for the 
preservation of the Union and the honor of the old Bay State; and we 
ask you to carry with you all that inspiration which comes from the 
associations and memories that enrich the history of our State, — from 
the Rock at Plymouth, from the plains of Lexington and Concord, from 
the shaft on Bunker Hill,— and unite it with that which the names of 
Saratoga, Yorktown, and Trenton, and Marion and Moultrie, and all 
other names glorious in our country's annals, may impart- 

Therefore the banner which I present to you is a State banner On 
one side it bears the arms of the State, with the motto, whose deep sig- 
nificance we are at this moment illustrating, " Ense petit placidam sub 
Libertate quietam:'" on the reverse, the pine-tree, the device on the coin 
and the flag of the old Colony, with the motto, "God speed the Right!" 
Let the motto give strength to your arms, and energy to your hearts ; 
and, whenever the banner is unfurled to the breeze, let it be a holy in- 
centive to such noble courage and faithful duty as shall ever guard it 
from dishonor. Let it speak to your hearts of home, of kindred, of 
honor, of country, with a power that shall make you irresistible overall 
enemies. As you take this banner, sir, henceforth let the cry of your 
regiment be, — 

"Onward, then, the pine-tree banner! 
Let it kiss the stripes and star, 
Till, in weal and woe united. 
They for ever wedded are. 

AVe will plant them by the river, 

By the gulf, and on the strand. 
Till they float, and float for ever, 

O'er our free, united land !" 

As the flag, at the close of the speech, was unrolled, the regiment 
greeted it with clapping of hands, and the band played a patriotic air. 
Colonel Codman, receiving the flag from the hands of Dr. Lothrop, 
spoke as follows: — 

COLONEL CODMAn'S REPLY. 

I accept from your hands, sir, in behalf of the mothers, wives, and 
sisters of the officers and soldiers of the regiment, this beautiful banner. 
We could not have received our colors from a more acceptable source. 
The sympathies of the women of Massachusetts must always be prized 
by her soldiers ; for, sir, this is a war for women as well as for men, for the 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUARD 171 

poor and the rich alike, for Protestant and for Catholic, for the native- 
born and the adopted citizen. It is emphatically the people's war. 
The cause of the people is at stake: their right of self-government, and 
all their rights, are the issues of the hour. 

You present this standard to a regiment devoted to that cause, 
fighting as they do for the unity and nationality of the country; deter- 
mined as they are, that, by the blessing of God, there shall be, as there 
has been, but one nation between the St. Lawrence and the Gulf of 
Mexico; and that all men, all combinations of men, and all social and 
political institutions, that stand in the way of this cause, shall be put 
down by force of arms. 

We go, sir, to the seat of war, prepared, every one of us, to do our 
duty; to meet any fate that may befall us, confident of the final success 
of our arms and the triumph of the right. 

Once more, sir, I thank the ladies for this banner. It may float 
over many a well-fought field; and, before you see it again, it may be 
tattered and torn. Be assured, however, that to whatever perils we are 
exposed, and through whatever dangers we may pass, among our pleas- 
ant and most inspiring memories will be the recollection of the inci- 
dents that mark the close of this glorious autumn day. 



After a salute by the band, the regiment presented arms. Colonel 
Codman gave the banner into the hands of the color-sergeant — Theodore 
Parkman, of Company H,— saying he trusted in his courage and fidelity 
to maintain the Jiag and the honor of the Forty-fifth Regiment. 

The flag is an elegant specimen of skill. It is of blue silk, fringed 
with orange. Its inscriptions are as described by Dr. Lothrop in his 
address, with the addition, '' Presented by the Women of Massa- 
chusetts." 

After the presentation services, the regiment performed sundry 
marches and military evolutions on the field; concluding with a fine 
dress-parade,— a fitting close to a very interesting occasion. 



172 



THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



List of Names of the Subscribers for the Purchase of the Regimental Flag 

presented by the Women of Massachusetts to the Cadet Regiment, 

Forty-fifth M. V. M. 



Brookline. 
Bostou. 



Boston. 

MiltOD. 
Jamaica Plain. 
Boston. 



Mrs. C. R. Codman, Boston. 

" O. W. Peabody, " 

■' Russell Sturgis, Jr. " 

" Daniel Denny, " 

" Daniel Denn.v, Jr., " 

" Geo. P. Denny, " 

" H. A. Rice, 

" J. C. Howe, " 

" James Lawrence, " 

" F. W. Lincoln, Canton. 

" H. P. Kidder, Boston. 

" \V. H. Davis, Milton. 

" Cliarles Larkin, " 

" Moses B. Williams, 

" Jacob Wendell, Jr., 

" Samuel R. Pay son, " 

Edward W. Kinsley, " 

Miss M. L. Kinsley, Springfield. 

" S. A. Kinslej-, " 

Mrs. John Stetson, 

" E. O. Tufts, 

" C. C. Holmes, 

" J. M. Call, 
Mrs. T. P. Ricli, 
Miss Susan D. Rogers, " 
Mrs. Edward Wigglesworth, Boston. 
Miss S. N. Wigglesworth, 

" M. G. Wigglesworth, 
Mrs. C. H. Parker, 

" George Hayward, Jr., 

" G. M. Dexter, 
Mrs. Frank Hodgkinson, Jamaica Plain. 

" Otis Rich, Boston. 

" H. W. French. Easton. 

" Oakes Ames, " 

" John Lowell, Brookline. 
Miss Olivia B. Lowell. " 
Mrs. Curtis B. Raymond, Boston. 

'• J. B. Palmer, " 

Miss Lothrop, " 

Mrs. A. D. Weld, W. Roxbury. 

" John Brooks Parker, Boston. 

" John E. Thayer, Brookline. 

" W. H. Lane, Newtonville. 

" R. B. Forbes, Milton. 

'• J. H. Wolcott, Bostou. 

'• R. H. Bond, Jamaica Plain. 

Miss L. O. Bond, " 



Mrs. B. C. Clark, Boston. 
" H. J. Gardner, " 
" T. W.Tuttle, Dorchester. 
" S. P. Dexter, Boston. 
" Jolin Jeffries, Jr., " 

" Dr. John Jeffries, " 

Miss C. A. Jeffries, " 

" A. M. Jeffries, " 

Mrs. Dr. .John Homaiis, " 

iSIiss H. B. Homans, " 

•• S. W.Clark, " 

Mrs. John M. Forbes, Milton. 
'• T. B. Wales, Jr. Boston. 
" Daniel Kimball, " 

" Alvah Burrage, " 

" G. W. Wales, " 

" ^V. G. Brooks, " 

" Edward W. Codman, " 

Miss Leslie W. Codman, " 

Mrs. C. H. French, Canton. 
" F. H. Peabody, Boston. 
" Gardner Brewer, " 

Miss Brewer, " 

Miss T. C. Amory, " 

Miss A. A. Plnkham, " 

Mrs. W. F. Whitney, " 

" Thomas Lee, " 

" L. M. Keith, Newtonville. 
" .J. Worcester, " 

" John A. Bird, Boston. 

" C. D. Homans, " 

" Samuel H. Hunneman, " 
" Jno. H. Hunneman, " 
'• Francis A. Dewson, " 
" Mary E. Badger, Newtonville. 
" Julia Rice, Greenfield. 
" T. B. Wales, Boston. 
" M.A.Wales, " 

" B. Welles, " 

" A. L. Stone, " 

" M. L. Hale, " 

Miss Anna E. Rousseau, " 

Mrs. Mautou Eastburn, " 

Miss Adi Bigelow, " 

Mrs. Horatio Bigelow, " 
" James Horswell, " 

Miss Carrie Churchill, Bostou. 
" Alice L. Hale. >(ewburyport. 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUARD 



173 



Bostou. 



Roxbury. 
Boston. 



Cambridge. 

Boston. 
Brookline. 

BoBton. 



Mis8 S. E. Bond, Jamaica Plain 

'• M. L. Bond, 
Mies Annie Jackson, 
Miss Sarah G. Dalton, 
Mrs. A. A. Shapleigb, 
Miss H. N. Shaideigh, 
Mrs. W. C. Appleton, 

•• Stephen Winchester, 

" J. H. Cunningham, 

" Job. N. Howe, 
Miss Emma Livcrmore, 
Mrs. George \V. Blagden, 

" Ed. S. Philbrick, 
INIiss Winsor, 
Mrs. H. W. Pickering, 
Miss R. \V. Pickering, " 

'• F. G. Pickering, " 

Mrs. Geo. F. Woodman, Jamaica Plain. 

" George Woodman, " 

" S. A. Dix, Boston. 

" C. T. Appleton, " 
The Misses Appleton, " 
Mrs. Ellen T. Hobart, " 

" Mary French " 

" W. S. Lelaud, Roxbury. 

" Nathan Appleton, Boston. 
Miss Appleton, " 

Mrs. W. A. Bangs, " 

" A. D. Williams, " 

" G. B. Upton, " 

" E. E. Hale, 



Miss E. T. Parker, Roxbury. 
Mrs. S. K. Bayley, Milton. 
" Joseph Murdoch, Roxbury, 
" J. W. Sever, Boston. 
" J. Sturgis Nye, Hingham. 
" T. W. Gray, Boston. 
" E. F. Thayer, " 

'< G.H.Thayer, " 

" C. H. Dalton. 
" G. W. Freeman, " 
Miss S. Freeman, " 

" Marian Freeman, " 
" Thatcher, 
Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, " 
S" J. N. Borland, " 
" Hay ward, " 

" Walker, 

" Wheelock, " 

" D. A. White, Milton. 
" J. M. Morison, " 

" J. S. Eldridge, Canton. 

" C. W. Scudder, Boston. 

" Fred Cunningham, " 
Miss R. G. Russell, Milton. 
Misses Bursley, Brookline. 
Miss Loring, " 

" Stevenson, " 

" Atkinson, " 

" Hale, 

" Sliattuck, Boston. 

Mrs. Chas. L. Andrews, " 



On November 5th, after fifty days spent at Readville Camp, 
we .started for the seat of war. An account has already been 
given of our reception in Boston, and of the presentation of the 
National Colors and the White Flag of the State, on Boston 
Common, by Governor Andrew. December lOth, 1862, at Camp 
Amory on the Trent I was detailed as a Color Corporal from 
Company A. 

At " Dress Parade " the evening previous, we had received 
" marching orders ;" we were to start in thirty-six hours with three 
day's rations in haversacks. 

December 11th, 1862 — ^This morning, "Reveille" sounded 
and battalion line was formed at a very early hour. We left camp 
in a chilly, foggy mist, which appears in this country as soon as 
the sun goes down, and continues until the sun burns it off late 



174 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

in the morning. Upon the left of the Color Company, and form- 
ing part of it is the Color Guard, composed of a Corporal from 
each company, who carry their muskets with bayonets fixed, for 
the better protection of the Colors, and the Color Bearer, who 
ranks as a Sergeant. The Color Company is the right centre 
company, bringing the colors in the centre of the regimental line. 
My place was on the right of the rear rank. 

In our Color-Sergeant, Theodore Parkman, I found a very 
able and agreeable person, who fully merited all the commenda- 
tion and honor that had been bestowed upon him. The Color 
Guard with our comrades on the expedition had a long weary 
march in the sun, with overcoats on and loaded with our Spring- 
field rifles, dipper, canteen, haversack containing three days 
rations, forty rounds of cartridges, rubber and woolen blankets, 
rolled horse-collar fashion. We were veritable mules and were 
only too glad to lie down and rest, when the order came to halt 
at noon. 

That night we camped in a large corn-field. Sergeant Park- 
man and 1 arranged to share blankets that night, so after gather- 
ing some rails, cornstalks, coarse grass, etc., I spread my rubber 
and woolen blankets on them, leaving his blankets and water- 
proof coat to cover us with. We ate our supper and then turned 
in with feet toward the rail fire 

Friday, December 12th. — Early this morning we were again 
on our way, marching a long distance through the road opened 
by the pioneers, the night before, the Confederates having felled 
forest trees to impede our progress. This evening we took a 
road to the left, off the main road, marching till late, at a quick 
pace through a swampy country, camping near a planter's house. 
Each of the Color Guard returned to his own company for the 
night. While securing some rails for fuel, and to lie upon, I got 
confused and lost my way back to the regiment, and was calling 
out "Company A, Forty-Fifth" when a cousin A. H. of the Forty. 
Third Massachusetts, near whose bivouac it seems I had wan- 
dered, came up, and called me by name, recognizing my voice. 
We had not met for years and neither of us knew that the other 
had enlisted. 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUABD 175 

Saturday, December 13th. — Again on the march and in the 
middle of the forenoon we could hear firing in front, which 
proved to be our artillery shelling the woods. 

Later we came to an opening where our cavalry had had a 
skirmish with the Confederate troopers. Our cavalry, the Third 
New York, with reins on their horses' necks, revolver in one 
hand, and sword in the other, had put spurs to their horses, and 
dashed upon the enemy. We marched into a field, passing a 
building on our left, where were surgical instruments and stret- 
chers which had been used. We formed line of battle with 
other regiments, expecting a battle immediatel}'^, but the regi- 
ments in front, and then our regiments laid down and many were 
soon asleep. Sergeant Parkman, myself and others wrote in our 
diaries. 

Sunday, December 14th. — We were early on the march this 
morning, often on the " Double Quick," through a country which 
apparently had been flooded. Firing was distinctly heard in the 
advance at ten o'clock. As we passed Major-General Foster and 
Staff, who were dismounted, I heard him say to one of his aides, 
" Go in with this battalion and see that it is properly placed." 
Soon the Regiment was in the swamp and under fire in the battle 
of Kinston, which lasted for three or four hours. After the 
battle we crossed the bridge and marched into Kinston, where 
our Regiment was detailed for " Provost Duty," which kept us 
awake about all night. 

Tuesday, December 16th. — We reached Whitehall, our Regi- 
ment being the Advance Infantry, where we supported a battery 
on our right, changing front in the road by the order, " On right, 
by file into line," when we were ordered to lie down. Later we 
fell back behind a rail fence skirting the road, that we might have 
some protection, and move out of the range of the Confederate 
lire. 

Another of our batteries that was in our rear across the field, 
were ordered to depress their guns more, answered .that " they 
were already tiring under the Colors of the Regiment in front," 
meaning our Regiment. It was a great artillery duel. The air 
was full of shot and bursting shells. One, about a 4-inch shell, 



176 THE FORTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Struck the ground in front of the Color Guard, bounded and 
struck our Color-Bearer. Sergeant Parkman, in the left temple, 
and passing over the rear rank, landed near Colonel Codman, 
when we pushed it farther to the rear. Fortunately it did not 
explode. Upon finding our Color-Sergeant injured, the Colonel 
ordered his removal to the rear. Color-Corporals Brooks, Keat- 
ing and myself lifted him and carried him to the rear of the line. 

Upon reaching a dry water-course we had to rest when the 
other two went for a stretcher. I remained with the Sergeant, 
standing a conspicuous mark for the Confederate Sharpshooters, 
the zip of whose bullets I was only too conscious of. With the 
stretcher we carried our burden more comfortably. We took 
him to the Field Hospital, where the surgeon after an examina- 
tion, and applying some lint to the wound, said he could do noth- 
ing for our Color Bearer. I do not think he was conscious after 
being struck. When Chaplain Stone appeared, I took the Ser- 
geant's watch, keys and diary and handed them to the Chaplain, 
and then with sad hearts we all returned to our place at the 
Colors. As the Colors fell from the hands of Sergeant Parkman, 
they were seized by Colonel Codman who gave them to Color- 
Corporal Green to carry. That evening the Color-Corporals 
were ordered to appear at headquarters when Colonel Codman 
designated Sergeant Green as color bearer. 

December 30, 18(52. — Orders were read on " Dress Parade " 
of the appointment of Major-General Foster as commander of 
the Eighteenth Army Corps, and of the First Brigade to be com- 
posed of the Seventeenth, Forty-Third, Forty-Fifth and Fifty- 
First Massachusetts Regiments, Colonel T. J. C. Amory, Com- 
manding. 

January 1st, 1863. — Major Sturgis with others started for 
Kinston and Whitehall, under a flag of truce, to recover the 
bodies of Sergeant Parkman, Elbridge Graves and others, to be 
sent home. 

Color-Sergeant Ebenezer Green left camp with his company, 
which had been detailed for service at Fort Macon, and therefore 
did not officiate as color bearer, until after his company's return 
to the regiment. 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUARD 177 

January 25th, 1863. — Orders were read on " Dress Parade," 
detailing our regiment for " Provost Duty " in New Berne. 
Upon our arrival in town the captain of the Color Company H, 
was ordered to escort the regimental colors to headquarters, 
preceded by the band, the color bearers marching between the 
platoons! Upon our arrival the color bearers flanked by a lieu- 
tenant and sergeant deposited the colors at Colonel Codman's 
headquarters, after which the guard was dismissed, they seeking 
their several companies, which were quartered in dwelling-houses. 
As the color corporals were required to be always ready to ac- 
company the colors, they were exempt from guard duty, but were 
frequently detailed for other duties. The provost marshal 
ordered a public bell to be rung daily at 12 M. and 8.45 P. M. 
After the latter hour passes were to be examined and the negroes 
must be in their quarters. Colonel Codman thought a color cor- 
poral could ring the public bell, and on February 9th, Lieutenant 
Emmons, the acting regimental quartermaster, detailed me as 
" Bell Ringer of New Berne," with instructions to apply for a pass 
and a key to the Baptist Church on Middle Street. After a little 
practice and instruction from a fellow corporal, I became quite 
expert in ringing a set bell, holding it inverted on the long and 
short rope. 

Hi). Qhs. 45tb, Mass. Regimt. 

Newbeen, Feb. 9th. 1863. 
Special Order 

No. 15. 

Corporal Chittenden of Co. A, is hereby detailed to ring 
tbe bell at the Baptist Church at 12 o'clock M. and 8.45 P. M. until 

further notice. 

By order of Col. Codman, 

G. C WlNSOR, 

Adjt. 

Pkovost Marshal's Office, 
Newbern, N. C, Feb'y 10th, 1863. 
Please deliver the Key of Baptist Church on Middle St. to Corpl. 
Chittenden who has been detailed to ring the Bell at 9 o'clock. 

George F. Woodman, Lieut. 
To His Excellency Bep. Provotit Marshal. 

Gov. Stanley. 



178 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

I have not the Key, I never have had it. 

Edw. Stanley, 
10th, Feby. 1863. Brig. Gen. 



Provost Marshal's Office, 
Newbern, N. C. Feb'y 10th, 1S63. 
Guards will pass Corp'l Chittenden until 9i O'clock P. M. until 
further notice. 

George F. Woodman, Lieut. 

Dep. Provost Marshal. 



As a result of this new occupation, or duty, the occupants 
of our room in Company A's quarters, eight of us, christened our 
quarters, "The Bell Ringer's Mess." While quartered in town, 
we had many visitors, and many a larder was emptied, and many 
a time the last cent was spent to entertain these friends. Fresh 
oysters were easily obtainable, and with pies, cakes, oranges, figs 
and lemonade, we could spread quite a repast. 

February 23rd. —Upon the return of the regiment from bat- 
talion drill today. General Foster saluted our Colors, taking off 
his cap — the regiment coming to " shoulder arms " from " right 
shoulder shift," as they marched by him. 

February 25th. — Was a grand review of the Eighteenth 
Army Corps. The marching by company front and dipping of 
the colors, were executed by our regiment in a very creditable 
manner. 

April 1st. 1863. — -Ordered to have forty rounds in our car- 
tridge boxes. 

April 5th. — Went to church this afternoon with guns and 
equipments, and listened to Chaplain Stone. During his sermon 
he stopped and gave notice that the Third Regiment M. V. M. 
were under marching orders and waited for those present, members 
of that regiment, to retire. 

April 25th. — Our regiment was relieved from provost duty 
by the Forty-Fourth Regiment, M. V. M. After our line was 
formed General Foster appeared, receiving the salute due his 
rank, when he expressed his appreciation of the manner in which 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUARD 179 

the Forty-Fifth had performed their duty. Upon leaving our 
quarters the " Bell Ringer's Mess " left a floral arch in the room. 

WELCOME 

44th, 

COMPLIMENTS OF 

COMPANY A, 

45tli. 

with the names of the eight occupants appended. 

In the fight at Dover Cross Roads — owing to Company H 
having been sent on special service that morning, Company A 
acted as Color Company in the centre of the deployed line and on 
the roadbed of the railroad. Owing to the absence of Colonel 
Amory, Colonel Codman was in command of the Brigade, and 
ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Fellows of the Seventeenth Massa- 
chusetts to hold his regiment in readiness to support the de- 
ployed line. Colonel Codman ordered Company A, Forty-Fifth 
by " platoons into line " then " first platoon,'Ready, Aim, Fire, lie 
down," repeating these orders to the second platoon then " Rise 
up, first platoon, fix bayonets, forward, double-quick march ! " 
but were soon halted when were repeated the loading and firing, 
and the whole deployed line received the order to " Charge, Double 
Quick!" Company A and the color guards rushed forward along 
the railroad, over loose sleepers, burnt crooked rails, etc., Captain 
Denny reaching the works among the first, the colonel and the 
guard close up. The color bearer. Corporal Keating, waved the 
colors from the highest point, then planted the staff in the earth. 
The colors were the Massachusetts State Flag, the United States 
Regimental Flag having been sent North to be inscribed with 
" Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro." We had just fairly got 
down into the works when the Confederates fired a volley at us 
from the woods on our left, which was returned with vigor. 

After supper that night I turned in under our rubber 
blanket roof, lying on a Confederate blanket, made of carpet 
lined with cotton cloth, which I had been sitting on while mak- 
ing my coffee, although unknown to me then. Private Hoffman 



180 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

of Company K was Colonel's Orderly the day before and had 
slept with the color guard, so as to be near the colonel, and had 
slept next to me. 

He had taken this blanket from one of the dead Confeder- 
ates inside the earthworks, and brought it back with him. He 
proposed to spread it so that I might have the use of it with 
him. At first I had a feeling of repugnance, but finally thought 
it would be much more comfortable to use it, although not with, 
out a feeling of pity for the poor fellow, though a Confederate, 
who used it probably the night before. 

May 18th.— This evening General Wild, his aid Colonel 
Beecher and Mr. Edward W. Kinsley, were in camp and we had 
some fine singing in Company A Street. 

May 23rd. — Just after roll call tonight we were hurried up to 
Batchelder's Creek to reinforce the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania 
whose camp had been attacked and their colonel killed. 

May 26th. — The regiment in full dress turned out to escort, 
with others, the remains of Colonel Jones to the steamer, the line 
being formed at Captain Messenger's, the Provost-Marshal's 
house. Colonels acted as pall-bearers. General Foster marching 
in the procession. 

May 31. — Had taken exceptional pains in cleaning my gun 
and equipments for the rigid inspection and review to take place 
this afternoon, when I received orders to carry the blue banner. 
Upon our return the regiment was complimented for the precision 
of its marching by " Company front " and the color bearers for 
the accuracy of their salute in the regular and even-dipping of 
the three colors. 

June 24. — The regiment broke camp, proceeded to More- 
head City and embarked for Boston. On Boston Common we 
received a great ovation and an artillery salute ; whereupon many 
of the comrades dropped to the ground as they had been accus- 
tomed to do in the enemy's country, but quickly got up laughing. 

Several years after the war, on the occasion of the dedication 
of the Soldier's Monument on Boston Common, September 17th, 
1877, the three Forty-Fifth Regimental Flags were carried by 
Color-Corporals Keating, Dakin and Chittenden. Since then the 



COLORS AND THE COLOR GUARD jgl 

National and State Flags have been in Doric Hall, State House, 
the State Blue Banner, mounted and framed is placed on the' 
north wall of the Cadet Armory Drill Hall, near which hangs the 
portrait of Color-Bearer Sergeant Theodore Parkman. 

The members of the Color Guard were, Color-Bearer, Ser- 
geant Theodore Parkman of Company H ; Color-Bearer, Sergeant 
Ebenezer Green of Company I ; Color Corporals Albert A. Chit- 
tenden of Company A : George Tucker of Company B : George 
F. Woodward of Company C : George L. Haines of Company D : 
John W. Brooks of Company E : Arthur Dakin of Company F : 
Nathan Warren, (afterwards on detached duty) and George G. 
Adams of Company G : Charles S. Russell of Company H • 
John W. Keating of Company K ; of the above only two. Cor- 
poral George L. Haines of D, of Sandwich and Corporal Albert 
A. Chittenden of A, of Boston, are now living. 



^ ^ftctcl^ of tl^e life of Cl^cotiore j^arfentan. 



BY ALICE PARKMAN CARTER. 




^J^^HEODORE PARKMAN was the eldest child and 
only son of John Parkman. His mother's maiden 
\^ name was Susan Parkman Sturgis. He was of the 
purest New England blood, and belonged to a Boston 
family, but was born in Paris, on January 22nd, 1837, and owing 
to his father's profession as a Unitarian minister, his son spent 
nearly his entire life away from Boston in Greenfield, Mass., in 
Dover, N. H., and Staten Island, New York. 

In 1857, Theodore graduated from Columbia College, and 
after two years' study of chemistry, went with his father to Ger- 
many, and spent a year at Gottingen under the famous chemist, 
Professor Wi'ihlen. In 1860, he took his degree of Doctor of 
Philosophy, and afterwards studied for another year at the Uni- 
versity of Heidelberg, under Professor Bunsen. It was during 
the year at Heidelberg that Theodore's happy life was marred by 
the gathering shadows, in the dear country beyond the sea, 
where the fear of civil war became a certainty by the Spring. It 
was expected however, to be only a question of a few short 
months, and there seemed no reason therefore for Theodore to 
break up his studies and hasten home, though news reached 
him that many of his young friends and relatives who were on 
the spot when the war broke out, had entered the army, and had 
already been sent to the South. Among the relatives was his 
own first cousin, Robert G. Shaw, and his intimate second cousin 
Henry S. Russell. In October, 1861, the family returned to 
America, and settled permanently in Boston, and Theodore 
entered the Scientific School at Harvard, in order to be able to 
work in the laboratory. His education as a chemist was now 
finished, and he was waiting for an opportunity to use it practi- 
cally. It was this short stay of less than a year at the Scientific 
School which gave his family the great happiness, in later years, 
of seeing his name on one of the marble tablets in Memorial 

182 




REGIMENTAL COLORS. 4STH REGIMENT M. V. M. 
AND BLUE BANNER 




COLOK-SERGT. '] HtODOKK PAkKMAN 



LIFE OF THEODORE PARKMAN 183 

Hall, and of having his portrait accepted to hang close to that 
of his cousin, Colonel Shaw. 

Theodore would have liked to enter the army soon after his 
return from Europe, and all that kept him from doing so was the 
knowledge that he was his parent's only son, upon whom they 
depended to be the head of the family when they themselves 
should have left their three young daughters, one of whom was, 
at this time, only twelve years old. 

The time was near however, when he felt he could no longer 
refuse the call of his country. In the summer of 1862, there 
were terrible reverses before Richmond, and one day in August, 
the papers brought the news that President Lincoln had issued a 
call for three hundred thousand more men. It was at that time 
that James Gibbons of New York wrote one of the most famous 
of the War poems, ' We are coming Father Abraham, three hun- 
dred thousand more," and Theodore Parkman was one of the 
three hundred thousand who gave their answer " We are coming." 

The day that the news came he said nothing of what was in 
his mind, but the next morning he quietly said to his family that 
he felt that he must go His parents made no opposition, ter- 
rible as was their dread of losing their only son. His father 
began at once to make inquiries about getting him a commission, 
and was told that there would probably be a good deal of delay. 
When this was reported to Theodore, he said without hesitation, 
that he wished to go as a private soldier, for that the need was 
for men immediately and not later. This resolution was also not 
opposed by his parents, and won their respect for their son's 
judgment and conscience, though he was not yet twenty-six years 
old. His father only asked him, " Are you quite sure that you 
realize the life of a private.? I suppose you might have to dig all 
day in the trenches, or help to clean the camp." Theodore 
answered, with a quiet smile, " Well, you know, father, I am not 
going for the fun of the thing." That was all. A man with a 
more ready flow of language, would have enlarged upon his feel- 
ings, and talked of duty, patriotism and self-sacrifice, but Theo- 
dore was not a talker. In one of his last letters from North 
Carolina he wrote to his mother, " You know I was never much 
of a hand at expressing my feelings," and it was true. 



184 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

So after making the supreme sacrifice, well realizing the pos- 
sible consequences, he only expressed the fact by saying that it 
was not done "for the fun of the thing." Immediately after 
coming to this decision, he began to drill, and passed his medi- 
cal examination, which to his amusement took place in the 
steeple of the Park Street Church, that being a conveniently 
private place, far from the world below, where the Examining 
Surgeon could meet the recruits. The Forty-Fifth Regiment 
was chosen for Theodore's enlistment because the Colonel was 
his cousin by marriage, and the Major, his own first cousin, and 
although a private soldier would not be brought in contact with 
the field officers, it was a comfort to his family to know that he 
was going with those who knew and were interested in him. 

After the regiment went into camp at Readville, Theodore's 
history up to the day of his death is contained in the history of 
the regiment, and need not be added here, for his sisters were 
asked for only a short account of his life and personality. 

Among several notices of his death, one month after leaving 
home, there was one written by George William Curtis, who, like 
Colonel Codman, was a cousin by marriage. In this it was said 
that he was " A youth, so pure and noble, that his face was beau- 
tiful." Let those true words, written by one who knew him since 
he was a child, be a fitting close to this brief sketch of Theodore 
Parkman written by one of his two surviving sisters, to both of 
whom he was, and is, inexpressibly dear. 

Tablet in Memorial Hall, Harvard University. 



SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL 

1861. 

GEORGE BROOKS. 

10th, February, 1863. 



1862 

THEODORE PARKMAN 

16tb, December, 1862. Whitehat>i,, N. C. 



George Brooks (brother of Philliijs Brooks) of Company A, Forty- 
Fifth Regiment, M. V. M , died at Stanley Hospital, New Berne, N. C- 







MEMBERS OF THE BAND 



HENRY C. WHITCOMB 
MYRON W. WHITNEY 



JOHN A. SPOFFORD 
JOHN R. MORSE 



c 



€]^e CaDet oaanD^ 

BY PRIVATE JOHN R. MORSE, A MEMBER OF THE BAND. 

')^^ ^HE Forty-Fifth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer 
^1^^ 1 Militia was mustered into service September 15th, 



.y/CiW/ 1^62. Contrary to the custom established in the 



early part of the war, the Forty-Fifth had no band. 
Two months prior to this time all the regimental bands had been 
"mustered out " by orders from headquarters. This was done 
because the men were enlisted as musicians, and not as soldiers, 
liable to do active duty in the field. As time went on, these 
musicians numbered into the many thousands, and it was held that 
the enormous expense to the government was not warranted, con- 
sidering that such service was of the ornamental, rather than of 
the most serious kind. But Colonel Codman said a band he would 
have, and in this he was warmly seconded by the officers and men 
of the Forty-Fifth. He instituted a search among the men of the 
different companies for those who were musical, and who had 
more or less knowledge of musical instruments used in bands. 
As a result, details were made from the several companies, as 
follows : 

Company A. Charles P. Goldsmith, Robert B. Hasty, John 
R. Morse. 

Company D. Alva M. Richardson. 

Company E. Henry Cummings, Henry L. Saxton, Henry 
C. Whitcomb, John D. Whitcomb. 

Company G. Danforth K. Olney. 

Company H. John A. Jones, James R. McLeran. 

Company I. John L. Collyer, Freeman D. Hopkins, Joseph 
K. Melcher, John A. Spofford, Myron W. Whitney. 
Company K. Hosea E. Holt. 

These men were organized into a band and John A. Spofford 
was made leader, with the rank of Sergeant. 

It was understood that these men should give up their guns, 
and henceforth serve as musicians, unless by reason of great loss 

185 



186 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

they should be needed as fighting men, in which case every man 
should return to his company. They were, in either capacity, to 
receive the same pay, the same company rations, and the same 
clothing. Our "gridiron front" of blue stripes was the only 
distinguishing mark of the band. 

Our duties were to furnish music in camp at " guard mount " 
and " dress parade," give evening concerts, or whatever else 
was necessary for the good and pleasure of officers and men. It 
should be said that our instruments were furnished by officers 
and friends of the regiment. At the expiration of our term of 
service each member was generously presented with the instru- 
ment he used. Being " armed " with musical instruments we 
began preparations for our first appearance at "dress parade." 
In this we were greatly helped by Seignor Mariani, the old drum 
major of Gilmore's Band. He was very tall and commanding in 
appearance, always proud, and at the same time, jolly. When 
he marched before us, dressed in his gorgeous uniform, with his 
long gold-headed baton and his bearskin hat, with pompom top- 
ping all, he was inspiring. I used to think of him as a " moving 
shield " to cover the defects of our inexperienced work. 

To be of interest, this article should call up the events of 
our campaign in which we, as a band, were able to be of real 
service to the regiment, in camp, or in the field, or were able to 
encourage and keep alive military spirit, cheerfulness and con- 
tent The men of the band had pride enough in their own or- 
ganization, and pride enough in the regiment to feel duly respon- 
sible for results. Whatever may be said, they were, in my 
opinion, conscientious, reasonably ambitious, willing to practice 
individually and together, and it is only fair to say that they 
wanted to be taught and drilled a great deal more than they 
were. Any amount of effective professional drill would have 
been welcome. Notes and letters written by myself, during our 
service, are lost, and my "forgetting " is big. A thousand and 
one things, more or less important, were jotted down, but are 
now forgotten. A few things remain in the memory, and as I 
dwell upon them, I am made happy in the belief that the band 
was appreciated by the officers and men of the regiment. We 



THE CADET BAND 187 

often received words of satisfaction and praise. The Adjutant 
and Quartermaster were untiring in their efforts to quarter us 
comfortably, and as a company, by ourselves, when possible, as 
was the case in Camp Amory and at Newbern. We received 
evidences of cordiality in many ways, which, though they might 
be small, meant a great deal, and helped smooth the rough edges 
of army life. Our "gridiron front" was generally recognized 
with a " hel-lo band," and was a passport to the quarters of any 
company cook. Do not look lightly upon such a privilege ! Do 
not, for a moment, suppose that if the commissary furnishes 
certain things to feed a regiment, that all the companies of that 
regiment will be fed and nourished alike. 

There were cooks and cooks, then, as now. An untidy, un- 
skilful army cook will injure the temper and efficiency of the 
best company. He can cultivate " cursing" and in his position 
between the commissary and the man with the gun, he can give 
less satisfaction than any " middleman " I know of in the com- 
mercial world. I quote from letters received from time to time, 
showing how the Forty-Fifth Band was appreciated during ser- 
vice and how it is remembered after a lapse of forty-hve years. 
Adjutant Winsor writes suggesting that the tune known to this 
day as " cut-cut-cut-a-cut " be printed in the regimental history. 
This tune was one of the first, if not the very first lesson given 
out by the leader for the band " to get together " on, and it is 
imbedded in the memory of every man. It is easy to reproduce 
the printed notes, but the " music " of the tune lives only in the 
memory of those who heard it, as it was then played by the 
" Cadet Band," John A. Spofiford, leader, and solo cornet player. 
At first it was called "that squawking tune," then the "cut-cut- 
cut-a-cut," words fit the music very well. After the war it was 
rescued by the Adjutant, dressed up in printer's ink and 
christened "The Cadet Waltz." But what's in a name .'' The 
tune is as good as by any other, and now after a lapse of forty- 
five years, if a band man meets an old comrade of the " Forty- 
Fifth," he will generally strike an attitude, and begin to sing or 

whistle, 

" Cut-cut-cut-a-cut-cut 
Cut-cut-cut-a " 



188 THE FORTT-FIFTR REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

as a token of recognition. The regiment adopted the tune, as 
Harvard adopted " John, the Orangeman," and gave him a 
donkey. At regimental reunions, our thoughtful Secretary, John 
D. Whitcomb, never fails to have it on the programme for the 
band to play, just for days of " Auld Lang Syne." 

The adjutant is quite right. The " Cadet Waltz " certainly 
belongs here. Corporal Augustus S. Lovett has pleasing recol- 
lections of the " Cadet Band " and writes as follows : 

" My first knowledge that a band was being organized was 
a detail from Company A, which included comrades John R. 
Morse, Robert B. Hasty and Charley Goldsmith. Soon discor- 
dant sounds from the retreat of the musicians, indicated that 
they were "getting together," and exerting themselves to pro- 
duce harmony of action, which in due time, bore fruit in making 
our band a great credit to our regiment as a whole, and the 
admiration of each individual. 

I recall the first "dress parade " in which they participated. 
The leader, Mr. Spofford, proud of his following, leading off with 
his cornet, in a step which seemed to indicate, " See, what I have 
produced." The Whitcomb Brothers, John D. and Henry, who 
beat the big drum. The sedate artist who managed the cymbals, 
the rakish drummer, Jones, these, and the others, loom up, even 
after the lapse of more than forty years. How the old " Cut-cut- 
ca-da-cut" springs up in the memory, their maiden effort, never 
forgotten, and brought up often at regimental reunions. By the 
time we left Readville, we had a band that did well their part. As 
we marched through the city and on our return to Boston, the 
results of their long practice and devotion to their duties, showed 
itself in the development of a body of musicians that any regi- 
ment might be proud of. Of their service in camp, on the march, 
in the field and in the many details they were called upon to 
perform, others can speak with better knowledge than can I. 
But I take pleasure in recalling our comrades of the band and 
adding my testimony to their ability as musicians, and their 
patriotism as soldiers of the Union." 

Mr. Shields contibutes the following account of the 



THE CADET BAND jgg 

DRUMMER'S ATTACK ON THE BAND AT CAMP AMORY. 

For a week the drummers had been collecting broken hard- 
tack from every source about camp, and storing it in an empty 
bunk. At last when the drummers came in from their last duty 
of the day, beating «'Taps," they held their last council, while 
undressing. Each company barracks was divided by the en 
trance and the fire-place opposite. The only light came from 
the wood fire. All was quiet, except for a few snores up among 
the bandmen, who occupied the upper end, beyond the fire 
place Soon there was quite a shower of broken hard tack among 
the bandmen. and it was kept up in spite of all their protests 
At last Spofford, the leader of the band, got out of his bunk, 
which was just what the boys wanted, so they could pelt him 
from^ head to foot. He said he would '' report them in the morn- 
ing, but they cared nothing for to-morrow, for it was //.^^ they 
were having their good time. 

At last Spofford dressed and went to find the officer of the 
day. \\ hen the officer appeared he called the boys in their un- 
dress, about him in front of the fire. "Boys," he said, -how 
naany of you took part in throwing this hardtack ? " pointing to 
the floor. Not an answer. « I will only say to you now, that if 
you repeat it you will be marched away from your quarters. Return 
to your bunks." All became quiet. After a while, when the 
boys were sure there was no one on the watch, they started in 
again, throwing hard tack. Spofford was now mad, and again 
went for the officer of the day. This time he came with a cor- 
poral and hie of men. " Boys, turn out and dress, put on your 
shoes, blouse and cap. Fall m here by the door, two and two." 
The corporal marched them to the wood pile. The officer of the 
day then told them to each take a stick. - You can drag it, or 
carry it on your shoulder, or put it under your arm, but "tote " 
It, you must." 

For two hours the corporal kept them on the move, with a 
hal at tne end of the first hour. They were right glad to get 
back to their bunks and never again did they take part in any 
disorder. There were other kinds of mischief, however, that 
paid better. ' 



190 THE FORTY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

I quote from a letter from John D. Whitcomb, Secretary of 
the Regimental Association, who was a member of the band. He 
says : 

" To me recollections of the band's service, musically, have 
always been clouded with reflections as to what we did do in 
music, and as to what we might have done, under different cir- 
cumstances. However, we may take to ourselves comfort from 
the words of Colonel Codman, who publicly said, " It was a good 
band, that is to say, it became a good band." I put some con- 
siderable value on the service of the band in the several affairs 
the regiment was engaged in as an Ambulance Corps. You 
probably yourself know, that in the line of duty, the mere fact 
of one member of the band being twice required to cross the 
line of fire of both forces, undoubtedly saved the lives of several 
members of our own regiment from the fire of one of our own 
batteries, several members of our own regiment having already 
been killed by the unfortunately located battery, directly enfilad- 
ing our troops. You probably, will not forget that, at least, the 
band was thought to be good enough, to be detailed as the Band 
of the First Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Army Corps." 
The reference in the above to the band as an Ambulance Corps, 
is well deserved and should be extended. The bandmen had 
been well taught by the surgeon how to give first aid to the 
wounded, and how to use stretchers, bandages and tourniquets. 
We were to go with the regiment into battle, rescue the wounded, 
if possible, and carry them to the field hospital. We were liable 
to be sent as messengers on dangerous errands, as the one re- 
ferred to by comrade Whitcomb. 

At Kinston, our first engagement, we found our services 
needed as an Ambulance Corps. Just before the Forty-Fifth went 
into action, we received orders to file to the right, and in doing 
so, soon found ourselves between one of our own batteries and 
the enemy. The result was the loss of a few of our men by our 
own battery before they found the proper elevation. 

It was here that we fir^t witnessed the horrors of war, and I 
have no words to tell how terrible it was to see men killed by 
their own friends by mistake, an error of judgment. I have no 



THE CADET BAND 191 

doubt that thousands of good soldiers lost their lives during the 
war, in similar ways. The band, of course, had work to do with 
their stretchers in removing the wounded from the field. The 
battle was not of long duration, but it was severe. The enemy 
retreated across the bridge to Kinston, our army following, and 
driving them through, and beyond the town. Our victorious 
army now went into quarters for the night. The band laid aside 
their stretchers, found their instruments, which had been left in 
care of the quartermaster, and resumed their pleasant and more 
peaceful duties, as musicians. We were ordered to the colonel's 
headquarters, where we made as cheerful music as possible, under 
the circumstances. As we turned in for the night we were too 
tired to dwell upon forebodings of the morrow, when we were 
liable to fight again, or even dream of the day's experience. It 
was thought that the enemy might return and attack us in the 
night. We cared little about it, for we knew the town was well 
guarded. 

At Whitehall the Forty-Fifth Regiment was exposed to the 
shot and shell of the opposing force as well as from sharp- 
shooters who were in the treetops. It was here that our Color- 
Sergeant Theodore Parkman received his mortal wound. One of 
Belger's gunners was seen to fall. Four ambulance men imme- 
diately went across the open space, placed the wounded man on 
their stretcher, and carried him off the field, while heavy shot 
and musket balls were much in evidence. I mention these in- 
stances to show that while acting as ambulance corps the mem- 
bers of the band were greatly exposed. After the successful 
battle of Goldsboro, the object of the expedition having been 
accomplished, we gathered up our " war-worn " instruments and 
attempted to play patriotic airs. This attempt under difficulties 
is aptly described by comrade Pike in his reminiscences. 

From this time till we got back to Camp Amory, the band 
attempted no professional work, except to try to preserve their 
instruments and keep them from being entirely ruined. In obey- 
ing frequent orders to "double-quick " we found other uses for our 
wind. By the way, I never fully understood just why the return 
march from Goldsboro was conducted in such haste during the 



192 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

first afternoon and the following forenoon of the following day. 
The orders, "close up " and " double quick " were frequently 
given, suggesting that the head of the column was moving rapidly. 
Now and then, an aide-de-camp would ride by towards the front, 
or towards the rear as if on pressing errands. Such movements 
were suggestive. The hills on the right and left and the turpen- 
tine forests, were convenient hiding places for the "rebs." 

Our forefathers were "rebs" on the 19th of April, 1775, 
and we knew from the books we have read, how they treated the 
British. 

Were we to be treated to a dose of Lexington ? But history 
did not repeat itself. We saw no " Minute men." 

" Crossing the field to emerge again. 
Under the trees at the turn of the road, 
And only pausing to fire and load." 

Therefore, in time, we were reassured, and cuddled our be- 
loved instruments, as mothers cuddle their babies after a fright. 
Musical instruments are delicate war tools. I don't think 
Colonel Codman took that into account, when he ordered his 
band to carry their instruments on the Goldsboro march. On 
later expeditions they were left in camp. 

Whether or not the band had anything to do with the Forty- 
Fifth being ordered to New Berne, to do provost duty, I do not 
know, but always thought it had. We were detailed to do duty 
with the First Brigade Army Corps, and events proved that it 
was necessary that the band should be near headquarters. 

In the picture the band is represented in front of their 
quarters in New Berne. 

The band improved much while in New Berne, owing to the 
fact that they had a good place in which to practice and were 
ambitious to do as well as they could as a Brigade Band. In one 
way and another, mostly on account of individual interest and 
pride, a fairly good repertoire had been collected and the band 
felt prepared to furnish music for social as well as for military 
occasions. 

The crownins: event of our service came with our return to 



THE CADET BAND 193 

Boston. After landing from the Spaulding and the Tilly, we 
formed near the wharf, and with a squad of police in front to 
clear the way, the colonel and staff in our rear, we led the regi- 
ment up through State Street and Beacon to the Common, amid 
generous applause. 

Some years afterwards, I saw in a Boston paper, an account 
of the return of the Forty-Fifth, by some one who signed him- 
self " March Past." Of the band, he said, " It is remembered 
that the Cadet Band of the Forty-Fifth Regiment, during a halt 
on State Street near the old State House, gave a brief concert 
for the benefit of the crowds assembled on the street. They 
played among other selections, a well-known and difficult march 
by Grafula. 

The applause of the audience indicated that the selection 
was good and that the band played it well." 

The following article entitled " Music in the Army," although 
not relating especially to the Cadet Band, will I am sure be ap- 
preciated in this connection, inasmuch as it was written by John 
D. Whitcomb, a member of the band. 

The article appeared in the Boston 7'ransciipf, August 9, 
1890. 

" General Orders No. 15, dated May 4th, 1861, issued by the AVar De- 
partment, give the plan of oi tjanization of the volunteer forces called 
into service by tlie President on the day previous to that date. 

The men enlisting under this call were to be subject to the laws 
and regulations governing the Army of the United States, and the 
orders specified that a band of twenty-four musicians should be included 
as a part of each regimiental organization. Besidt-s this band two 
musicians for the ordinary martial music were allowed each comjjany, 
and two principal musicians were allotted to serve the whole regiment. 
Such liberal provision for music shows that the glory of the array was 
considered incomplete without an abundance of the blare of horns, the 
clash of cymbals and the boom and rattle of drums. 

This view of tbe importance of music to the military halo was held 
not only in the army, but also by tbe civilian masses of the people at the 
early war period. Individuals of the latter class })0ssibly often e.-ti- 
mated a position in the band as being one ot special opportunity for 
distinction in the Held, as all the troops they had ever seen, marched 
with a drum major and the band at the right of the line and the bravtst 



194 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

were generally supposed to be those placed in front. But battles are 
never fought in that order of formation, and bands, though they may 
have their usefulness in other directions are never expected to lead 
bayonet charges with music. An historical occasion is remembered 
when, at the critical moment of a collision with a secession mob during 
the early days of the war, the musicians found themselves unpleasantly 
at the front. This occasion was at the time of the passage through 
Baltimore, on April 19th, 1861, which was attempted by the band 
marching at the head of one wing of the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment. 
Probably blood flowing from the wounds of these musicians was some 
of the earliest shed in the Union cause. 

Certainly this band was the first of any body of the troops to return 
home disabled; for not only did the members of it receive bodily 
wounds from "clubs," paving stones, and the various missiles availed 
of by the mob in resisting their onward way, but also their musical in- 
struments which played " Yankee Doodle," and other patriotic tunes, 
were ruthlessly be^iten out of shape, and the usefulness of the band for 
any of the legitimate purpose of music in the army was for the time 
being, neutralized. Th*- members of the band in some instances, owed 
their lives to the protection of several of the loyal and humane citizens 
of Baltimore, and after a few days of such safety at private hands they 
returned to Massachusetts to recover from wounds and secure new in- 
struments for service. A period between the spring of 1861 and mid- 
summer of 1862 — something over a year — was when music was at its best 
in the army. The militia regiments from the different loyal States 
went forward at the first to Washington and other points menaced, for 
a three months' tour of duty, and each regiment took with it its regi- 
mental band, composed geneially of the best military professional 
musicians resident in the locality from which the regiment took its de- 
parture. The short-term troops returned from thi-ir tour of duty and 
were replaced by those of longer terms. Musicians who had served with 
the three months' troops having gained much in general proficiency 
and" having become familiarized with the military field movements 
were engaged to go with the regiments then being formed for the longer 
terras. Inducements were held out to quicken the enlistment of recruits 
by publicly announcing that a famous band would be attached to some 
particular regiment. Members of bands in the army at this time were 
graded in classes, and were mustered in ordinarily as '' musicians for a 
band." Besides the Government pay, which formost of the classes was 
above that of the private soldier, there was generally some arrangement, 
through a regimental fund, by the voluntary assessment of officers, or 
through contributions of friends of the different regiments, by which 
extra pay was provided to secure superior musicians. The Union Army 
included among its numerous regimental organizations, during the first 



THE CADET BAXD 195 

year and a half of the war, mauy bands from the Northern, Middle and 
Western States, which had national reputations as musical organizations. 
Among these were Gilmore's of Boston, and Dodworth's of New York. 
In that first eighteen months of the early part of the war, in which 
the army was lying near Washington and on the near border of Virginia, 
visitors to the different camps of the regiments had nothing near so 
much to say about anything else they had seen or heard as they bad- to 
say in praise of the music of the Union Army bands. " I heard bands in 
the Army of the Potomac," said one narrator who had visited the camps 
there in 1862, "that could play the music of an entire opera in faultless 
harmony without looking at the notes, from the beginning to the end." 
Slight knowledge only of music is necessary to make one aware that a 
statement so inclusive is an exaggeration ; but that there were excellent 
bands in the army at that time there is no doubt, and the rivalry as to 
which regiment had the best, was nearly as great as the competition in 
regard to which regiment, brigade, division or corps, excelled in the 
school of the soldier. On June 30th, 1862, there were in the service of 
the United States Government according to the official statement of 
Adjutant-General Richard C. Drum, six hundred and forty-six thousand 
nine hundred and seventeen troops If the maximum aggregate of one 
thousand and forty-six officers and men be allowed to each regiment 
(which would be an over proportion as many regiments had only the 
minimum aggregate of eight hundred and sixteen officers and men) then 
there were, in a round total of six hundred and eighteen regiments, 
with the allowance of twenty-four musicians for the band, twenty more 
for drummers, and two more for principal musicians, to all appearances 
twenty-eight thousand, four hundred and twenty-eight men enlisted as 
musicians, and fourteen thousand, eight hundred and thirty-two of these 
men were serving, or according to the organization of the army should 
have ^been serving, strictly as band men, divided into six hundred and 
eighteen or more bands. On July 17th, 1862, a bill containing sections 
ordering the muster-out of regimental bands passed in Congress, and 
was approved by the President. This bill contained the proviso that 
each brigade in the volunteer service be allowed to have sixteen music- 
ians in a band. The carrying into effect of the provisions of this bill 
resulted in the going out of service, within thirty days from its passage, 
of nearly all of the bands of volunteer troops in the army, very few of 
the Imen composing the regimental bands being willing to serve as 
musicians on such terms as were offered men of superior musical 
ability, the pay, the length of service, and possible requirements of duty 
being those of a regular enlisted soldier. Musicians who had served in 
the army as bandraen had become familiar with the impossibility of 
merging their professional duties with those of the ordinary soldier, 
who carried a rifle. Acting as ambulance corps, bands could be and 



196 THE FOBTY-FIFTH EEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

were, very useful, and members of bands in the army sometimes ran 
gre^t risks of losing their lives. Indeed some were killed; but such an 
unfortunate event immediately crippled the band. Except in camp or 
on parade, and for lightening the tedium of the soldiers' lives when not 
on active duty, musical instruments played by a band were not largely 
of general usefulness to guide in step, or in any way help the move- 
ments of regiments. When the bands which had been mustered out in 
July, 1862, and which had done good duty during the war up to that 
period, ceased to perform their peculiar service, the numbering of the 
regiments sent out from Massachusetts had reached to about the forties. 
After thai time all bands attached to regiments and under the control 
of its commanding officer, were composed of strictly enlisted men, on 
the same footing for pay, rations and duty as the soldier who carried a 
rifle. In fact the men composing these bands in some cases were only 
musicians when in camp or on parade and on the march or in action 
carried rifles. At Readville in the summer and autumn ot 1862, the 
nine-months' regiments were recruiting. The Forty-Third Massachu- 
setts Regiment in camp there had Gilmore's famous band, which had 
been mustered out, and had returned from its tour of duty in North 
Carolina with the Twenty-Fourth Massachusetts Regiment. The Forty- 
Fourth Massachusetts Regiment at its camp had Flagg's Boston Brass 
Band. The Forty-Fourth paid $3,000 for this band's service while in 
camp. It is likely the Forty-Thiid paid nearly the same amount. 

It was no part of the contract that these bands should go to war 
with the regiments they had been in camp with, and upon the departure 
of the troops the bands escorted them to the transports upon which the 
soldiers were to be conveyed to North Carolina, and there the duties of 
the musicians ended. 

Colonel Charles R. Codman, who was then raising the Forty-Fifth 
Massachusetts (Cadet) Regiment, also in Readville, at Camp Meigs, took 
a different view of the musical situation in his regiment, and immedi- 
ately on going into camp set about forming a band out of his enlisted 
men, instiuments being furnished by friends of the regiment. Many 
other regiments followed his example after reaching the front, but it i& 
believed that this regimental band was the first to depart from Massa- 
chusetts as regular soldiers, musically equipped. After the muster-out 
of the bands in 1862, most excellent corps of musicians for marching pur- 
poses were formed out of the martial-music corps of regiments. Their 
music was most inspiring on the march, and the octave llutes and fifes 
playing different parts madereally good music for war purposes, though 
for concert occasions it was monotonous. The bands enlisting after 
1862 were eventually organized into drilled ambulance corps, and when 
in camp or in action were responsible for that duty. Their services in 
that direction were unquestionably of great value. 



THE CADET BAND I97 

From a letter written by Army-Surgeon Edward P. Roche, concerning 
the battle of the North Anna River, the following is quoted: "To a re"^ 
quest as to what I should do with the wounded, the reply came from Dr 
Hogan at Crittenden's headquarters. ' Do the best you can, but cross 
the river.' 

To wait for the river to fall, which was greatly swollen by a terrific 
thunder storm, was perhaps to be captured, but how transport the 
wounded over such a flood? Their guns and equipments we threw into 
the river, and the dead had gone over, we need not trouble about them 
There were no regular hospital attendants to call on; but fortunately 
the band of -the Fifty-Sixth had been ordered back to the field hospital 
when the fight began, with orders to report to the surgeon for duty fur 
the time. They were a fine body of young men and the most willing 
and reliable I ever found. I called them together and stated the case 
fully, and they promptly offered to get the wounded across by carrying 
them on their backs, two men wading and swimming with one wounded" 
The attempt was made but the men became so exhausted and chilled it 
was abandoned. A raft was made from the flooring of an old mill near 
by, capable of sustaining three men at a time. No ropes could be had 
to pull the raft, and the only means of propulsion was for the men to 
strip off their clothing and swim and wade the river pushing the raft 
before them. It took six men most of the time to make the trip and they 
were up to iheir necks about all the time. The danger and labor of 
transporting fifty wounded men in this manner can hardly be under- 
stood by the civilian in these times of peace. They toiled all through 
that long summer night and into the daylight. We had many men dur- 
ing the war who struck printer's ink with much greater zeal and tact 
than they did the enemy, but in this case I can do justice to the band of 
the Fifty-Sixth Massachusetts. 

Its members alone did the work and earned the praise. If they 
came from Cape Cod, as I always believed they did, they were a credit 
to It and the State." Many other army surgeons could undoubtedly bear 
similar testimony as to the value of the services of bandmen in the 
army, not only in active service, but in promoting health and keeping 
up the spirits of the troops in camp." 



four 0^ont]^?J 3!n fort jHacon, iBtpt B, €♦ 

Bv Sekgeant Ephraim Stearns, of Co. G, 45th Reg. Mass. Vols. 
From early Dec. '62, to April '63. 

1^ ^^ ^ ^ H K unexpected is ever the lot of the soldier. At 
i^% dress parade of the regiment, the adjutant read out 
\^ the order, " Company G, will proceed to garrison Fort 
Macon." Our company was detailed because it was 
then commanded by a first lieutenant, Theodore A. Thayer, Cap- 
tain Murdoch being on the staff of General Amory, and for the 
further reason that, in taking station at Fort Macon, where a regu- 
lar company of artillery were in garrison, there might be no con- 
flict in command. We were to relieve a company of the 3d New 
York Artillery, which was ordered back to Newbern, and after- 
wards as light artillery saw service in the engagements of Kins- 
ton, \^'hitehall and Goldsboro.' The regulars were Co. "C," 
1st U. S. Artillery, with whom we were quartered for over two 
months, until they were ordered away on the Charleston expedi- 
tion. 

Company " G " received the order with mingled feelings, 
pleasure at a change of station, and regret at leaving the regi- 
ment and camp just occupied with quarters nicely fixed for 
winter. On the following morning our company was drawn up 
in heavy marching order, camp equipage packed, and marched 
to Newbern where we took train for Morehead City, thence by 
boat across the bay, to Fort Macon. We landed at the wharf, 
marched up the narrow railroad track leading to the fort, through 
the entrance and on to the parade ground where we were 
dismissed. 

Fort Macon is situated at the extreme end of a peninsula 
commanding the entrance to Beaufort Harbor, with the ocean on 
one side and the sound on the other. The upper end of the pen- 
insular was not occupied by our troops, but was neutral territory. 
The Fort had been captured with all its armament some months 
before from the Confederates. 

198 




SEKGT. EPHRAIM STEARNS, COMPANY G 




FORT MACON IN 1863 



FOUR MONTHS IN FORT MACON 199 

After being dismissed on the parade ground, the men were 
assigned to quarters in the fort. Each non-commissioned officer 
with a detail of privates had a casemate which was to be their 
abiding place for the winter. After living in barracks we found 
the casemates very comfortable and homelike with large open 
fire places where we burned logs of wood. At night, when the 
candles were extinguished at taps, we piled the fire places high 
with wood and by that light made merry with story and joke. 

We soon settled down into garrison life, and formed many 
pleasant acquaintances with the men of the regular artillery who 
were with us in the fort. We were drilled as heavy artillery, our 
men serving at the guns side by side with the regulars, so that 
we speedily became fairly proficient in handling the heavy ord- 
nance. The drill at tiie guns was interesting, and had the charm 
of novelty. Target practice with the heavy columbiads and 
thirty-two pounders, firing solid shot, gave us an opportunity to 
show how proficient we were in handling the heavy guns and 
how well we had learned our lesson from the regulars. Our in- 
fantry drill was not neglected as we had regular drills in a field 
outside the fort. 

The little incidents of our life in the fort come to me now 
after the lapse of years with all the importance they had to me 
then. They are not great events, but as they broke up the 
monotony of every day life and seemed very large to' me then, 
I will try to recall a few happenings. 

The soldiers from the camp across the bay used to visit us 
at the fort. One day a party rowed over and had to stay over 
night as the wind and waves were so strong they could not re- 
turn. We took them in and made them comfortable for the 
night. During the evening a man in our company who was 
always ready to talk on any subject, had monopolized the con- 
versation until some of our visitors showed by their expression 
that they thought him a little out of his head. We were used to 
him and paid little attention. At last one of our men lost pat- 
ience and said : " For God's sake write it, if you keep your 
mouth shut they will never know you are a fool." Needless to 
add he subsided and kept quiet for the rest of the night. 



200 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



Another crowd of soldiers who had been visiting us 
attempted to return to the mainland in a storm so severe that 
the sentry on the rampart saw that the boat was being blown 
out to sea. He called the officer of the day's attention to the 
danger of the party as their boat had struck on a reef in the 
harbor. The alarm was given and a boat crew of our soldiers 
under Lieutenant Thayer put out to their rescue, but they too 
came very near being shipwrecked on the same reef. As some- 
thing had to be done at once, the commander of the post raised 
a signal of distress from the flag staff and requested a govern- 
ment tug to go to the rescue of both boats which was quickly 
accomplished. 

One Sunday morning after inspection of quarters, our com- 
pany was drawn up on the parade ground for inspection by the 
commander. Our lieutenant was quite proud of his company 
and after the inspection of quarters, wished to show our profi- 
ciency in the manual of arms to a few visiting officers. The 
men had on their white gloves, as was customary on this occa- 
sion. The manual was executed with a snap and go until the 
order, " right shoulder shift " was given, which was performed 
in a half hearted slovenly manner. Now, it had rained the 
night before, and there were puddles of water on the parade 
ground, so that the men were loath to put their hands on the 
bottom of the stocks of their muskets, for fear of soiling their 
gloves. While such conduct was not soldierly, the men did not 
think how it looked to outsiders, but considered their own 
appearance. Lieutenant Thayer was very wroth at the dilatory 
manner in which his repeated commands were executed, and his 
exasperation only increased the careless manner of the soldiers 
in executing right shoulder shift. The company were almost in 
a state of mutiny. We were finally dismissed to our barracks, 
and it was the talk of the company all day that our Lieutenant 
had never shown such exasperation with his men. 

The next morning we had to pay for it. We got orders to 
parade with knapsacks packed on our backs. We were taken 
by the first sergeant outside the fort, and given a sharp drill. 
All had to suffer for the action of a few careless soldiers. This 



FOUR MONTHS IX FORT MACON 201 

knapsack drill was kept up for about a week, and the men took 
their medicine as though they enjoyed it. Finally the Lieuten- 
ant thought he had punished us enough. So ended the knap- 
sack-drill. 

There was a picket post some two miles up the island which 
was a favorite post for the guard. It was an independent com- 
mand of a corporal and three privates, so the duties were not 
onerous. The tour of duty was for twenty-four hours. The 
guard quarters were an old wooden building with a bunk for the 
guard not on post, to lie on. I distinctly remember an old fry- 
ing pan which we used in cooking salt pork and hard tack, quite 
an appetizing meal to us. Time used to hang heavily on our 
hands. We could not play cards as one of the four soldiers had 
to be on guard. One of our corporals, a good soldier, but prone 
to be original, was stationed at this picket post. He thought 
there was no danger in the day time from the enemy, and per- 
mitted the sentinel on post to leave his beat and join the rest in 
the building. The guns were all stacked outside the door, and 
the soldiers were inside enjoying themselves. The officer of the 
day in making his rounds came upon this scene, guns stacked, 
and no sentinel on post. In response to his command " Cor- 
poral, why is not your guard posted ? " the corporal replied : 
" I didn't think there was any great necessity for it during the 
day." The lieutenant said, " I have a very good mind to put 
you under arrest." However, the reply seemed so droll to the 
officer, that he laughed and cautioned him not to let it occur 
again. The corporal never heard the last of this joke. This 
same corporal afterwards brought in two prisoners, poor whites, 
who had wandered down the island, and turned them over to the 
guard at the fort. 

Beyond this picket post, the land was covered with stunted 
trees and bushes, and sparsely inhabited. A few of our men one 
day strolled beyond the picket lines and came to an old house 
occupied by white people. As usual, in North Carolina, there 
were many black pigs running wild. Naturally one of those 
pigs suggested fresh roast pork, and one was speedily captured 
without attracting attention. The transition of that pig to the 



202 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

table through the agency of the cook was soon accomplished. 
All went merrily until the owner of the pig appeared at the fort 
and demanded payment. The lieutenant called upon the com- 
pany to pool in money enough to pay for the pig. All parties 
were satisfied. 

A rumor reached the commander of the fort that there were 
Confederates on the farther end of the island, which was not 
occupied by the Union troops. A sergeant and several soldiers 
were sent up to reconnoitre and see if there was any truth in it. 
They had their trouble for their pains as none of the enemy were 
found. 

I remember on one occasion going past the picket post with 
my rifle, a confederate arm, taken at the time the fort was cap- 
tured, in order to practice shooting at objects on the beach. I 
was wandering over the sand dunes when I came across a party 
of soldiers who had on black overcoats. I was somewhat sur- 
prised at seeing them, and before I could find out whether they 
belonged to our army I was hailed by one of them. I answered 
and asked them what regiment they belonged to. They said the 
46th Mass., which relieved me somewhat, as I had forgotten that 
that regiment, owing to the scarcity of regulation blue, were 
obliged to take the black overcoats, when they entered the 
service. 

After going off guard we had the next day in which to clean 
up and rest, being excused from all regular duty. On these 
occasions we always had an opportunity to go over to Beaufort. 

Beaufort before the war was quite a summer resort. It had 
an old seaside hotel which was used by the Federals as a hospi- 
tal. There was an old darkey by the name of " Cuff," a name 
familiar to those of you who read this and belonged to the com- 
pany, a good happy old fellow who came across the bay every 
morning to take over any of the soldiers who wanted to go to 
Beaufort. 

There wasn't a great deal to do there, a few houses and 
stores, and an old hotel, where we used to get those famous din- 
ners for fifty cents. I hardly think the landlord made much on 
us as we had unbounded appetites, and came away from his 



FOUR MONTHS IN FORT MACON 2QS 

tables well satisfied. There was a piano in the parlor, and some 
of us would go in there, and the writer played accompaniments 
to the old army songs, and what a good time we did have singing 
them. 

The expedition against Charleston was litted out in the 
harbor of Beaufort. The war vessels and the transports for the 
troops rendezvoused there for about a month before sailing. 

We had an interesting time watching the preparations. The 
fleet consisted of monitors, gunboats, and transports. The 
troops were drawn largely from our department, and boarded the 
ships there. When they sailed from Beaufort Harbor, it was one 
of the sights never to be forgotten, the gunboats leading, fol- 
lowed by the monitors and transports. The start was made late 
in the afternoon, and as they sailed away south, they made a 
beautiful marine picture, 

The fort was often visited by ofificers from the war vessels 
which came into the harbor from the blockading fleet. I recall 
one in particular. Captain Worden, who fought the Monitor 
against the Merrimac, in Hampton Roads. His face showed the 
marks of powder from a shell that had exploded near the con- 
ning tower, which nearly blinded him. He was a great hero to 
us at that time, and later was made Rear Admiral. 

We had many visitors also from the army, often accompan- 
ied by ladies. What with our garrison duties and the instruction 
received in artillery drill, we were enabled later to be of service 
in garrisoning one of the forts built for the defense of Newbern. 
None of the soldiers of the company were seriously sick 
during the time. We began to think that we should remain there 
during our term of enlistment, but fate was against us, as we 
were ordered back to Newbern on April 9th, and were assigned 
to fort Spinola, on the banks of the Neuse river, about two miles 
out of the city. 

This ends the company's service at Fort Macon. 




captain 3!ojsep]^ apujctjoc)^ of Contpanr <^. 

BY REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE, D.D. 

APTAIN Joseph Murdoch of this city died at his 
home in Roxbury, on the evening of the twenty- 
seventh of April, 1884, in the seventy-fourth year of 
his age. 

It is not only a large circle of family friends and the larger 
circle of his old comrades in the army, who feel his loss and feel 
it keenly. His was one of those large and generous lives which 
render such service to all around that no one can willingly spare 
them. Captain Murdoch made himself the loved friend of every 
one with whom he had to do. And in the neighborhood in which 
he lived, in the church which he loved, in the associations of 
business, nay, even in casual acquaintanceships, or what would 
be such to other men, he had so endeared himself that there are 
hundreds of persons who in his death have lost something pre- 
cious from their own daily lives and eagerly bring their 
sympathies to his family. 

"If you want to know about him, ask the children." Such 
was a casual phrase, which a man might be proud to deserve as 
an epitaph, which gives some idea of the affection which sur- 
rounded him everywhere and which he well deserved. 

He was born in Cuba on the fourth of July, 1810. His 
friends used to tell him that his birthday gave the omen of his 
unflinching patriotism and loyalty to the country of his fathers 
and his home. When a little boy he was sent with four brothers 
to Boston, that they might be educated as American citizens. 
The little fellow was placed first at the school, still well remem- 
bered, established by Mrs. Stearns at Medford. Afterward he 
had the inestimable advantage of Dr. Abbott's care in the Acad- 
emy of Exeter. He did not enter college as had been at one 
time proposed, where he would have been the classmate of his 
friends Thomas G. Appleton and Wendell Phillips. His father's 
death made a change in his life plan, and he entered as clerk 




CAPT. JOSEPH MURDOCH, CO. G 



CAPTAIN JOSEPH MURDOCH 205 

into the well known house of Cunningham. It was while in 
their employ that he made voyages to India as supercargo. 

He then passed into the employ of the firm of Reed, Chad- 
wick and Dexter, where he remained for many years, up to the 
outbreak of the Civil War. He was a book-keeper with them, 
and in the wide business of that firm, made a world of friends 
who honored and loved him. 

In 1844 he married Miss Caroline Dorcas Smith, of Boston, 
and in 1847 removed to Roxbury to live, where he has ever since 
made his home and where, as always, he became the attached 
and intimate friend of all who knew him. In friendly society, in 
the neighborhood and in the church one might almost say every- 
one knew him and relied upon him. If he made up his mind 
that any special case of suffering needed charitable relief, every- 
one who knew him accepted his decision as the best that could 
be made. He became fairly a minister-at-large in the number 
and the variety of his kindnesses to those in need, involving 
endless sacrifices of time, patience and means, sacrifices which 
he would never have called by that name, but considered ser- 
vices quite of course and belonging to the commonplace of life. 

To such a man, in his fifty-second year, came the call of the 
country in the Civil War. At a public meeting one eager speaker 
said something, to which Murdoch responded : "Good ! " 

" You may say ' Good ! ' but are you going yourself ? " 
retorted the other. 

"To be sure I am," said Murdoch standing up. 

And when an old cadet officer like him, who had passed 
what was called the limit of age, said this, it meant that hun- 
dreds of younger gentlemen would go where he led the way. He 
had long been well known in the Cadets, as ready for any duty 
of a soldier. 

He was the senior captain in that admirable regiment, the 
45th Massachusetts, with Colonel Codman, which was re- 
cruited and sent for service to North Carolina in 1862. At New 
Berne he was appointed, almost at once, as aide on the staff of 
General Amory, a-nd it would be hard indeed to describe the 
variety into which such service ran. But it is a pleasure even 



206 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. Y. M. 

now, to speak of the credit which such men as he brought on 
Boston in the rough and tumble of war. The true courage was 
not disturbed even by the fear of being called '' Boston Goodys." 
Murdoch was a total abstainer by conviction. When there was 
so much danger of intemperance, his convictions were stronger 
than ever. 

" But no one can drink this water ; it will kill you if you do 
not mix whiskey with it." 

To which Murdoch said he came to die for his country if it 
were necessary, and he might as well die of cold water as by any 
other death. 

Such men did good, not to be measured, in keeping up the 
respect due to the staff of a commander. 

He received a slight wound on the expedition to Dover 
Cross Roads; atone time he was reported "killed." But he 
returned to us well enough for another generation to know well 
that soldierly and athletic form, and for this generation of 
children to delight in his tendernesses. 

Some men and some women will not understand or believe 
it, but it would be fair to say that he never went down town in 
the morning without turning over in his mind the condition and 
needs of a hundred people, to whom he had at one time or 
another been counsellor and friend, to ask himself whether they 
needed his help that day, and how he was to braid in with his, 
the thread of such lives. In the death of such a man we are 
thrown back to look on sixty years of unselfish loyal life for the 
good of others and of the community. 

Such men are the salt that save the world. 




SAMUEL B. SHAPLEIGH, CO. A 





Cl^c JHUD i^arcl^: Cl^c c^rpcDition to 
3\o\m\)\iU, jaollocfejSbiUc auD Cvcnton. 

By Ptivate Samuel B. Shapleigh, of Campany A. 

E had but fairly settled down after the Goldsboro ex- 
pedition to the daily routine of drills and dress 
parade and recovered our wonted elasticity of body, 
when "orders" were read on January 14th for the 
regiment to be ready to move in "light marching order," within 
twenty-four hours. Seven days' rations were served out, five to 
be carried in our haversacks and two in the wagons. Our knap- 
sacks were packed and left in charge of the invalid squad. At 
five o'clock the next morning " reveille " was beat. At six o'clock 
it was raining hard. In obedience to orders from Brigade Head- 
quarters, Colonel Codman sent the regiment back to quarters to 
hold themselves in readiness to move at eleven o'clock, but as 
the storm still continued the regiment was dismissed indefinitely. 
On the 17th the morning'dawned clear and cold, and at 
eight o'clock we formed our regimental line and numbered four 
hundred and ninety-three men. The force of the expedition con- 
sisted of the First Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Army Corps, 
a squadron of cavalry, a small howitzer and a section of artillery, 
under command of Colonel Amory, our brigade commander. 

At nine o'clock we were on the march. Company B, under 
command of Major Sturgis, acted as skirmishers. The roads were 
in good condition. The first place of interest was the block- 
house at Brice's Ferry. 

It had a charming location, with a beautiful pine grove 
(formerly a rebel encampment) on one side, and the river Trent 
on the other, and commanded the bridge across the river. The 
little picket garrison was drawn up in line as we passed. We 
crossed the bridge and followed the river road for a few miles. 
In the afternoon we halted at Jonesville, near an academy. As 
the school was not in session we entered the building and fratui- 



207 



208 THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

tously distributed copies of the circular issued by the Principal 
in which he stated, " He does not intend to make money in 
these troublous times, and will therefore educate, free of charge, 
the children of those who are in the service of their country." 
At sunset we reached Pollocksville, twelve miles from New Berne, 
a small village of half a dozen houses, but a well-known guerilla 
haunt. The houses were deserted. We helped ourselves to what- 
ever they contained and a number of us secured a lot of straw 
for bedding and were able to enjoy a comfortable night's rest. 
We were early on the march the next day and started for Trenton, 
We were delayed some time by obstacles in the shape of felled 
trees across the road, but the roads were good, and the march 
that day was one of the pleasantest in all our army experience, 
and we passed some fine Southern residences, and one planta- 
tion which was reported to have furnished some incidents narra- 
ted in " Uncle Tom's Cabin." For a long distance the road 
skirted a cypress swamp. These North Carolina swamps have 
one feature unlike the swamps in the North. The trees rise tall 
and stately out of the still water, their branches festooned with 
long gray moss, which sways back and forth with every breath 
of wind, giving them a weird and mournful appearance. 

We entered Trenton that afternoon at two o'clock without 
opposition, a small force of the enemy retiring in hot haste, on 
the approach of our cavalry. The situation of the town is very 
pleasant, but it was a dilapidated, dirty place There was quite 
a large detail from our regiment for " picket duty " that night. 
Near our reserve station for the night was a negro cabin and 
some of us hired the old " Aunty " to make us a " hoecake," 
While waiting we asked the " old man " where his master was. 
He said he had gone "up country." We asked him why he 
didn't run away now that he had a chance, and follow our troops 
into New Berne. He said he wanted his freedom, but he wanted 
to go " clar," meaning that he wanted to take his whole family 
with him, four of his children were at home, but he had five 
still in slavery. At midnight we went out to the outer 
picket station. It was a piercing cold night, artd although 
wrapped in woolen and rubber blankets, and moving lively up 



7HE MUD MARCH 209 

and down our beats it was impossible to keep warm, and we 
were chilled through and through. The cavalry was scouting all 
night and learned that the Confederates had burned a bridge 
across the Trent, about eight miles further up the road, and this 
appeared to be the object of our expedition. Just before leaving 
Trenton, the next morning, we set fire to a pile of lumber that the 
enemy might not make use of it in rebuilding bridges. In the 
yard were the stocks and whipping posts. On the edge of the 
town was a saw and grist mill and a lumber yard. The planks 
and boards our pioneers cut up and threw into the mill and this 
wasalso consigned to the flames. At the same time some one let on 
the water and the groan of the machinery rose above the flames. 
We returned to Pollocksville and encamped on our old bivouac of 
Saturday night. The next morning, when we broke camp, it was 
raining hard. We reversed arms and were reminded of Crom- 
well's veterans, who were told to " keep their powder dry." 

Eight miles through a drenching rain brought us to Young's 
Cross Roads, where the cavalry had captured a Confederate 
army wagon and a few prisoners. We filed into an open field, 
stacked arms, and prepared to camp. Hungry, wet and tired 

we sat on our luggage, and tried to satisfy our appetites with raw 
salt pork and "hard tack." In the afternoon the ~'ouds broke, 
the sun shone out and we busied ourselves in making shelters for 
the night. 

We made A tents of our ruL-b'^r blankets, resting them on 
forked sticks and cross pieces, and filled the sides and one end 
with spruce twigs. Then we statred off to forage. Two miles up 
the road was a house where some of our men had discovered 
honey, and in a wagon on the road was a lot of sweet potatoes. 
It was a case of "first come, first served." The cavalry was 
galloping up and down the road, full of mischief. Captain 
Denny's darkey was marching along with a frying pan balanced 
on his head, when a cavalryman grabbed it and made off with it 
much to the darkey's astonishment. 

At sunset it commenced to rain hard and so continued 
through the night. Some of the boys were washed out, but most 



210 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

of the little A tents protected the inmates fairly well. The boys 
on picket had a hard time of it, standing up to their knees in 
mud and water. 

The cavalry rode thirty miles that night, going as far as 
Onslow Court House, further progress being stopped by the 
burning of a bridge there. They were followed by a long pro- 
cession of contrabands. They met a small force of the enemy 
whom they drove back with a few shots from their howitzer. 

Our return march to New Berne was in the midst of a 
drizzling rain, and through the sticky Southern mud or red clay, 
of unknown depth. We rushed along as if our lives were at 
stake, making but few halts, and those of short duration. 

It was a hard day, but we had lots of fun, and at sunset we 
entered camp, bespattered with mud, having marched that day 
nineteen miles, which Surgeon Kneeland was reported to have 
said was equal to thirty miles over good roads. 




CHARLES H. LEONARD, CO. A. 



>^^ Y/&£tlN. U.C. 



'' -^A 







BMOi£ <»^£-R THE Tk£NT, 



By Private Charles H. Leonard, of Company A. 



N Monday, January 26th, the Forty-Fifth Massachu- 
setts Regiment left Camp Amory on the Trent, and 
began its service as provost guard in the town of 
New Berne. On leaving camp we crossed the old 
Beaufort road — leading from the County Bridge (near our camp), 
over the plain across the railroad and on down through the woods 
past the battlefield of March 14th, 1862. No fences remained 
and there was only a hint at a stone wall, with a string of scrub 
oaks to mark the sandy way. The plain which we first pass is 
where we learned " battalion drill," The town lies two miles 
away in a northwesterly direction. On our left flows the river 
Trent, with a current that changes with the tide, now up stream 
and now down. 

On our right are the humble homes of our colored people, 
the refugees who have come into the Union lines. A little farther 
on is the large camp, or settlement of the freedmen, freedmen now, 
not contrabands, as the Emancipation Proclamation went into 
effect the first of January. Their rough-log huts generally have 
but one room, with the usual "stick and clay" chimney and fire- 
place at the gable end. Many of the able-bodied among them 
have found opportunity to labor in the Government employ, yet 
the conditions of life among them are such as to touch one's 
heart, for the helpless creatures are " as sheep having no shep- 
herd," and in that passing hour was born the resolve to do some- 
thing to make their freedom indeed a boon to these freedmen. 

The road and railroad gradually converge and meet at the 
trestle railroad bridge across the Trent that brings us to the 
town. Here we imagine ourselves in the place of our victorious 
army after the long, hard march, and the desperate battle of New 
Berne in their close pursuit of the flying rebels in the early after- 
noon of Friday, March 14th, 1862. On the Sunday previous, 

211 



212 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

the little Monitor had beaten the rebel ironclad Moi'imac in 
Hampton Roads, and now another victory had been obtained 
that put the Union forces in possession of the second largest 
town in North Carolina, with complete control of its inland 
navigable waters. In recognition of his two victories of Roanake 
Island and New Berne, General Burnside received his commis- 
sion as major-general, and Generals Foster, Reno and Parke were 
commissioned as brigadier-generals, and brevetted as major- 
generals. Fort Macon surrendered April 26th, l!^62. 

Our march thus far had been a gala procession, with the 
band playing, and colors proudly waving. Our regiment had 
three flags — "Old Glory," the State flag, and the Regimental 
colors, presented to us by the ladies at Readville and inscribed 
" In God we trust." This flag is now carefully preserved in the 
cadet's armory in Boston. We imagine that we have acquired 
something of the steady solid tread of veterans, but at the bridge, 
which is built of trestle work and none too solid construction, 
we take " route step " and walk carefully. As the bridge was 
used for general business, as well as for the passage of railroad 
trains, the space between the rails was planked over, and this 
was on a level and not separated from the general roadway. But 
for this space, there would hardly be room for the wide teams 
to pass each other. 

We entered the town of New Berne by what is sometimes 
called " Railroad Street " and sometimes "Hancock Street," that 
runs in a northerly direction nearly across the peninsula on 
which the city is built at the junction of the Trent with the 
Neuse. 

We marched up this street in our best and steadiest style, 
for the Forty Fifth came to its service as provost guard with a 
reputation to sustain of military precision and discipline. Just 
below Craven Street the Forty-Fifth is received in due form by 
the Seventeenth, who terminate their brief service as provost 
guard, which began on the 22nd of December, the day after we, 
and they, returned from the Goldsboro expedition. 

The duties of a provost guard are to preserve order in the 
town; see that no enlisted man passes unless provided with a 



PBOVOST DUTY J.V NEW BERNE 2 13 

written permission suitably signed, endorsed and dated; prevent 
fast riding or driving through the streets ; to act as guards at the 
railway station and the wharves, and to do anything and every, 
thing required of them of a similar nature. 

Our regimental headquarters were on the east side of Craven 
Street, halfway between South Front and Pollock Streets in a 
three-story brick house, with one room and doorway on the 
street. Colonel Codman said it belonged to a family of aged 
maiden ladies, who fled when the city was taken, and left behind 
them quite a fine library of old English books, most of them 
being of Queen Anne's or earlier date, 1714. 

The city was divided into f/iree districts. The first was in 
the south-eastern part of ttie town, embracing the business 
quarter, its headquarters being the provost marshal's ofiice, at 
the head of Market Wharf, on the river front in a large brick 
building, at the south-east corner of Pollock and East Front 
Streets. Here was the guard house, where those who had been 
arrested were held until their examination, when they were either 
sentenced or acquitted. This place corresponded to police head- 
quarters in civil life. The second district comprised the northern 
part of the city, with its headquarters in the old office of the 
Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad Company— part of the 
furniture, including desk and safe, still remaining there. General 
Foster's headquarters were in this district, also the house where 
his family resided and these were under the special care of the 
guard. The third district covered the remainder of the town 
and was the least important of them all. ' 

The guard was divided into three reliefs. i:\v& first beincr on 
duty from 9 to 1 ; the second from 1 to 5, and the third from 5 
to 9; each relief going on twice in the twenty-four hours. 
" Guard mounting " took place every morning at eight o'clock, 
but it was ten o'clock before the old guard was relieved and re- 
turned to quarters. Each day's detail called for one captain 
three lieutenants, three sergeants, ten corporals and one hundred 
and ninety-seven privates. 

At first it was a pleasant change from camp life, as there was 
a certain freedom about it, but after a while we found it a very 



214 THE FORTY-FIFTH BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

arduous duty, for the large number of our regiment on detached 
service, required us to go on guard every other day, with an oc- 
casional interval of two days. The officers, commissioned and 
non-commissioned, had a comparatively easy time. 

There was quite a difference in the sentry stations, and we 
soon learned the excellent points of each. Some were under 
cover, and some were not needed at night. On this post, a 
kindly neighbor would furnish a breakfast to the tired and 
hungry sentry, and on another, the guard was sure of a good 
dinner, while many others were wholly undesirable. Four times 
a week, when the weather permitted (and the days were rare 
when it did not permit) the colonel indulged us in the luxury of 
brigade drill. As I have said, w^ were not relieved from duty 
and back in quarters before ten o'clock. 

Immediately after dinner in Company A's quarters, the 
clear voice of Orderly-Sergeant Barstow rang out, " Fall in for 
brigade drill, blouses and caps !" Then our regimental line was 
formed on Broad Street, and we marched a long two miles over 
the bridge to the plain near our old quarters on the Trent. Here 
we were joined by the other regiments of our brigade, the Seven- 
teenth, the Forty-Third and Fifty-First Massachusetts, and were 
maneuvered for two hours by acting Brigadier-General Amory. 
Many of the orders became as familiar as household words. 
Twice a week we had battalion drill, but all this drill was not 
thrown away. For accuracy and quickness of movement, the 
Forty-Fifth stood in the very front rank among the regiments in 
the department and acquired quite a reputation for the excel- 
lence of its dress parades. While at Camps Amory and Massa- 
chusetts, visitors came regularly to witness them. Our band 
was no doubt a great part of the attraction, as there was no 
band attached to the other regiments, which did provost duty 
for the six months previous. 

The Boston Brigade Band, which was attached to the 
Twenty-Third Massachusetts Regiment was mustered out of the 
service August 30, 1862 by order of the General Government,, 
as were nearly all the bands of the army. Concerts by our band 
at Major-General Foster's headquarters were of frequent occur- 




CAPT. NATHANIKL WILLIS Bl'.MSTEAI>, COMPANY D 




COMPANY D's quarters AT NEW BERNE WHILE DOINc; PROVOST DUTY 



PROVOST DUTY IN NEW BERNE 215 

rence. The band also had many requisitions to play on social 
occasions, all out of the line of regular duty, which service they 
cheerfully performed. They played quite often on the grounds 
of the Foster Hospital, and sometimes at military funerals, one 
such occasion was the funeral of comrade George Brooks of 
Company A ; another was on May 26th, when the regiment per- 
formed escort duty, as the remains of Colonel Jones, the gallant 
commander of the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment, killed by 
guerillas, were carried to the steamer from the train that brought 
him down from the camp at Batchelder's Creek. The members 
of the band were organized as an ambulance corps, under the 
instruction of a regular army officer, and had daily drills near 
the outposts of the town, and learned how to give the first aid to 
the wounded. 

The companies of the regiment were quartered in houses in 
different parts of the town. 

Company A was in a two-story frame house on Pollock 
Street, not far from the provost marshal's office. The name 
Pierce was on the front door. The house still belongs to the 
same family, and the same old doorplate is on the front door. 

Cotnpany B was on the south-east corner of Johnson and 
Craven Streets. 

Company C was on the south side of East Front Street. 

Company D was on the north side of Pollock Street and op- 
posite Company K. 

Company E was quartered in a two-story brick house near 
Middle Street in the same block with Company B. 

Company F was on Union Street, west of department head- 
quarters 

Company i^ was quartered in a pleasant house on the north 
side of Broad Street, exactly opposite the colonel's station on 
dress parade. 

Cotnpany K was on Pollock Street, and next door but one 
west of Company A's quarters. 

The band was quartered in a wooden house on the west side 
of East Front Street, opposite the provost guard, first station. 
If I recollect rightly, the chaplain's quarters we on Broad Street, 



216 THE FOUTY-FIFTII BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

opposite the parade. We had occasion to remember the choice 
selection of books he had for a free circulating library. 

It may be of interest to give here the location of certain 
officers while we were doing provost duty. 

The headquarters of the Eighteenth Army Corps was on 
Union Street, in Mr, Stover's house. 

The private residence of Major-General Foster was on South 
Street in Mrs. Smallwood's house. 

The general's staff was quartered on Union Street in Dr. 
Duffy's house. 

The private residence of Captain Messenger, Provost Mar- 
shal, was on the corner of Short and Front Streets, house 
formerly occupied by the Confederate General L. O. Branch. 

The provost marshal's office was on Front Street. 

The office of the chief quartermaster, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Biggs, was on Pollock Street. 

Brigadier-General Leddie, chief of artillery, was located on 
Broad Street. 

Brigadier-General Stevenson, on the corner of Queen and 
Graves Streets. 

Brigadier-General Lee, on Johnston Street. 

Brigadier-General Spinola, on Pollock Street 

Colonel Amory, on Pollock Street, in Ed. R. Stanley's 
house. 

Brigadier-Generals Prince and Hunt were located on Broad 
Street. 

Major Stackpole, Judge Advocate-General's headquarters, 
on Broad Street. 

The Academy Green Hospital was on New Street. 

The Convent of Mercy was on Middle Street, formerly Burn- 
side's headquarters. It was built by Governor Stanley's father, 
and at one time was Washington's headquarters in the 
Revolutionary War. 

Governor Stanley's house was on Front Street and his office 
on New Street. 

The house of Webb, the slave trader, was on Middle Street. 

The Pollock Jail, for State prisoners, was on Eden Street. 



PROVOST DUTY IN NEW BERNE 217 

The Gaston house, on East Front Street and the Cemetery 
corner of Queen and George Streets. On the Fair grounds were 
the camps of the Twenty-Fourth and Forty-Fourth Massachu- 
setts Regiments and the Tenth Connecticut and Fifth 'Rhode 
Island. Christ Church (Episcopal) was on Pollock Street. 

The members of Company A distinctly remember the morn- 
ing and evening roll-calls, when after Orderly-Sergeant Barstow 
ran down the alphabetically arranged list of our names to be ac- 
counted for, the sunny tempered and true-hearted Lieutenant 
Pond read the portion of scripture and prayer for the day. This 
service in Company A continued from the day we went to Read- 
ville and through the period at Camp Amory, and until we went 
into tents at Camp Massachusetts, and this service had a lasting 
influence on our lives. Many of us answer no more at roll-call, 
and some of us may fail, but let us heed the warning of the 
prayer that we be ready for that " great roll-call " on the other 
side. 

On Sundays a male quartette sang at the services in the 
Episcopal Church, and Myron W. Whitney of the band and 
William H. Becket, of Company A were both members. These 
two comrades in later years achieved great fame as public singers. 
The quartette also sang at the First Presbyterian Church, where 
Chaplain A. L. Stone regularly preached and to which the regi- 
ment marched every Sunday to the music of our full band. 

While the regiment was doing provost duty, we had many 
visitors from the North, who had friends and relatives in the 
regiment, among others, Rev. Dr. Samuel K. Lothrop, Mrs. O. W. 
Peabody, Mr. Charles Hickling, Mr. George W. Bond, Mr. 
Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Rev. Mr. Barnard and Mr. John L. 
Emmons, as also the father of comrade Mann. 

On Washington's Birthday a salute of one hundred and 
thirty-one guns was fired at noon. There was a parade of the 
fire department, the machines being gaily decorated with flowers 
and streamers 

Deserters occasionally came in from the enemy's lines, who 
reported matters as desperate with the confederates. The ration 
of meat had been reduced from one pound to a quarter of a 



218 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

pound. Flour was $40 a barrel, in confederate money, and corn 
$6 a bushel. If the United States Government maintained a 
rigid blockade for four months, the confederates would be starved 
out. 

A novel and interesting service to us Northern boys was 
that held in the Contraband Methodist Church. A comrade 
speaking in regard to it, says, " One Sunday evening while patrol- 
ling the streets with Corporal Lippincott of Company D, we 
dropped into this church for a few minutes and found it crowded. 
The galleries reserved for visitors were filled, principally by 
soldiers drawn thither by curiosity. The body of the church 
was filled by colored people, the men on one side of the aisle 
and the women on the other. They were of all shades of color 
from light yellow to inky black. The leader, an intelligent looking 
colored man, occupied a chair in front of the pulpit and com- 
menced the service by reciting a line from a hymn, which was 
sung by the congregation ; then another line, and so on until 
several verses had been sung. Our expectations regarding the 
beautiful singing of the colored people were dashed to the ground. 
The tunes were screamed forth from the cracked throats of the 
old and the shrill voices of the young, all singing the air and 
all pitched in a different key. There was no harmony, only a 
babel of sound. The singing was followed by prayer by the 
leader, whose voice was frequently drowned by the vigorous 
groans of his auditors. Occasionally his voice was raised to a 
shout and could be heard above the general din. By this time 
his congregation was worked up to a high pitch of excitement 
and some of the women threw their bonnets and shawls on the 
pulpit stairs and went through the audience addressing a word 
here and there, enforcing the preacher's remarks. Some of the 
young girls were wrought up to a state of frenzy, and began to 
shriek at the top of their voices and finally went into hysterics." 

As the season advanced the weather became very delight- 
ful ; the buds began to swell, the flowers to blossom forth, and 
all around our quarters (Company A) was a beautiful garden. 
We had rose trees, violets and other plants too numerous to 
mention. The air was filled with fragrance of apple, pear and 



PBOVOST DUTY IN NEW BERNE 219 

peach blossoms, and every morning the mocking birds and the 
robins delighted us with their sweet notes. Our letters to our 
relatives and friends contained little mementos of pressed 
fiowers, which assured them in their cold Northern homes, that 
we were enjoying summer weather. The cavalry were kept busy 
in these days scouting, for the woods and swamps just outside the 
city swarmed with guerillas. The cavalrymen hated them cor- 
dially, and were disposed to show them but little mercy. The 
camp guard of the Ninety-Second New York on the other side of 
the Neuse was frequently fired upon on dark and foggy nights, 
by these guerillas. They dressed in citizen's clothes, and shot 
our men in cold blood, whenever opportunity offered. When 
they saw a considerable body of our men approaching, they were 
unionists, neutrals, or " know nothings," as they chose. One 
scouting party went up as far as Matirmeskut Lake in Hyde 
County. The day they arrived there, they had a skirmish with 
a band of guerillas, and it is said killed ten of them. The cap- 
tain of the guerilla band sent a challenge to the officer of the 
scouting party to fight him the next day, giving him the choice 
of place. The Union officer replied that he should fight him 
whenever and wherever he found him. 

The next day as the Union troops were riding through the 
woods, a cavalryman happened to espy a guerilla behind a tree, 
taking aim at some one. The cavalryman fired at him, and this 
was the signal for the fight to begin. The rebels fired a volley. 
To dislodge them was difficult, for there was a deep and wide 
ditch on either side of the road, which our men must cross in the 
face .of rebel bullets. The little howitzer was ordered up, and a 
hot fire of grape and canister poured into the woods, causing the 
rebels to flee in hot haste, and thus the trap to catch and mas- 
sacre our troops was avoided. In this skirmish four non-com- 
missioned officers were killed, and thirteen men wounded. A 
number of prisoners were taken, and we saw them as they passed 
through New Berne on their way to jail. Some of them were 
recognized as having been in the city only a few days previous 
and as trading under a permit from Governor Stanley. One 
prisoner was marched through the city with'a^woman's skirt on, 



220 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

and on his back a placard with the words, " guerilla caught 
dressed in woman's clothes, with a protection in his pocket from 
Governor Stanley." The cavalrymen asserted that he had a 
commission from Jeff Davis in the other pocket. 

It was while we were doing provost duty in New Berne that 
the rebels laid siege to Little Washington, about thirty miles by 
land, north of New Berne The garrison was small there, con- 
sisting of eight companies of the Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts, 
one company First North Carolina, one company Third New York 
Cavalry and Battery G, Third New York Artillery, about six 
hundred men in all. They were reinforced by a portion of the 
Forty-Fourth Massachusetts, and the arming of a force of negroes 
by Colonel Lee, raising the number of troops to nearly one thou- 
sand two hundred. They had been there but a few days when 
they learned from deserters that the rebel general Roger A. 
Pryor's brigade was within twenty miles of the town, and would 
probably make an attack. 

On the 30th of March General Foster and his staff arrived 
from Plymouth, and the effect of his presence was at once mani- 
fest in an increased activity. A reconnoisance of Companies A 
and G of the Forty-Fourth Massachusetts discovered the enemy 
in force. They seized Rodman's Point, set up a battery of 
English Whitworth guns, and began sending their projectiles 
into the Union lines. The next day General Hill, commanding 
the rebel force, ordered an assault on our works, but learning 
their strength the order was countermanded. Hill summoned 
them to surrender, allowing twenty-four hours to remove the 
women and children. General Foster replied, " Go back and tell 
them, if they want Little Washington to come and take it." 
Then commenced the siege. " The town was completely invested 
and all communication with our forces outside had to be held by 
running the blockade in sail boats and lighters. The invest- 
ing force consisted of nearly fifteen thousand men, and included 
three regiments of cavalry and forty guns. Ammunition and 
food were scarce in the Union lines, and the enemy relied 
on starving us out, meantime causing great annoyance with 
his artillery. A force of five thousand men left New Berne 




QUARTERS OF COMPANIES D AND A AT NEW BERNE WHILE DOING PROVOST DUTY 



PROVOST DUTY IN NEW BERNE 221 

under command of General Spinola to relieve the besieged troops, 
but failed." General Foster then determined to run the blockade, 
and taking with him his Assistant Adjutant-General, Colonel 
Southard Hoffman, and others of his staff, he embarked on the 
little steamer Escort. As the steamer neared Rodman's Point, 
in possession of the enemy, the batteries opened upon her, and 
as she approached the shore, she came under a heavy musketry 
lire, but the boat kept right on ; she was struck by eighteen shot 
and shell; her upper works were literally riddled with bullets. 
The pilot house was walled around with bales of hay, but not- 
withstanding this precaution, the pilot, Mr. Petherick, was killed 
at his post of duty. One shot went through the galley, and took 
off an arm of the cook, another shot passed through General 
Foster's stateroom shortly after he had left it, and tore the bed 
to pieces. Had a shot struck the machinery, the boat would 
have been destroyed or captured. 

Nothing but the urgent need of General Foster's presence 
in New Berne caused him to take such an extreme risk. Acting 
with his usual energy and promptness, he hurried troops forward 
by land and by water, returned in the steamer Escort, and in a 
week the siege was raised and the enemy had disappeared. 
Captain Denny in "Wearing the Blue," says, "When it is con- 
sidered that the defence of this line was made against fourteen 
thousand Confederate troops under skilled commanders, we do 
not hesitate to say that the defence against such odds rises to 
the pitch of heroic grandeur, equalled during the war only by 
Mulligan's glorious defence of Lexington, Missouri, in the autumn 
of 1861." Our comrades of the Forty-Fourth Massachusetts, 
according to General Foster's order, exhibited great " steadiness, 
courage and endurance," under the most trying circumstances, 
and well merited the honor of inscribing on their banner, 
"Washington, April, 1863." 

Our pleasant stay in New Berne at last came to an end. 
Our comfortable quarters, our gardens and flowers were resigned 
in favor of the Forty-Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, as a re- 
ward of their gallant services at Little Washington. On the 
23rd of April the following order was read on " dress parade " : 



222 THE FOETY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Headquarters, Department of North Carolina, 

Eighteenth Army Corps, 

New Berne, April 23, 1863. 
Special Order No. 117: 

lu accordance with the custom of the department, the regiment 
now doing provost duty will be relieved. The commanding general in 
changing the guard of the town desires to convey to Colonel Codman, 
and through him to his ofificers and men, his high appreciation of the 
manner in which the duties of the guard have been performed. He has 
noticed with great pleasure the drill, discipline and general efficiency 
of the regiment. The Forty-Fourth Regiment, M. V. M. will relieve the 
Forty- Fifth on Saturday, the 25th instant, at 9 A. M. 

By command of Major-General Foster. 

Southard Hoffman, 

Assistant Adjutant-General. 

The 25th of April was a warm and pleasant day, when we 
took up our line of march for Camp Massachusetts near Fort 
Spinola. At " guard mounting " the citizens of New Berne sent 
the following vote of thanks to our regiment for the manner in 
which it had discharged its duties as provost guard. 

New Berne, N. C, April 25, 1863. 
Colonel C R. Codman, Officers and Men of the Forty-Fifth M. V. M. 

Gentlemen: 

Having learned with regret that your regiment is about to retire 
from the duty of guarding the city, I beg leave on behalf of all loyal 
citizens, myself, my family, and other families here, to render you our 
sincere thanks for the efficiency and courtesy with which you have dis- 
charged your duties. 

It has seldom been our lot to see a body of soldiers, so uniformly 
civil and gentlemanly in their behavior, temperate and orderly in their 
habits, comparatively free from the vice of profanity, and so prompt in 
restraining those, who, by any violence, would attempt to disturb our 
streets. 

Accept, gentlemen, our thanks for past kindness, and wishes for 
your future welfare. 

W. H. DOHERTY, A. M. 
Principal of New Berne Academy. 

As we were leaving the city, General Foster rode down our 
line and complimented Colonel Codman on the fine appearance 
of his men. 




ANN STREET, BEAUFORT, N. C. 




A. G. R. KALE, CO. A 




Cl^aplmn ^tont and tl^e BcligioujS Hife of ti^e 
forti^^ififtl^ jBajSisacl^ujsctt^ Megiment. 

BY PRIVATE ABRAHAM G. R. HALE OF COMPANY A. 

HILE the Independent Corps of Cadets was the 
nucleus of our Regiment and furnished Colonel Cod- 
man and nearly all of the field, staff and line officers, 
it was Park Street Church that gave us our chaplain, 
the Rev. Andrew L. Stone, who had served that church as its 
pastor since 1849, and during that period had won a high repu- 
tation as a preacher, a lecturer and a bold and fearless reformer 
In 1854, three thousand ministers of New England, includ- 
ing Rev. A. L. Stone, signed a petition and sent it to Congress 
by Senator Edward Everett of Massachusetts to be presented to 
that body, remonstrating against the passage of the Kansas and 
Nebraska Bill, which had for its object the organization of a ter- 
ritorial government for Kansas,— the Repeal of the Missouri 
Compromise Measure, and the removal of the restriction as to 
slavery entering the North West Territory as provided for in the 
celebrated Ordinance of 1787. But notwithstanding the numer- 
ous petitions against the bill becoming a law from all over the 
Northern States, yet after many exciting debates in both 
branches of Congress, the bill was passed and signed by the 
President, Franklin Pierce. 

The effect of this new law was to take away from Congress, 
the power to determine when a new state was admitted into the 
Federal Union, whether it should be a free or a slave state. 
This power was transferred to the Territory under the guise of 
" Popular Sovereignty," so that the Territory itself determined 
whether it should become a free or a slave state. Immediately 
following the passage of the bill there was a fierce and sanguin- 
ary struggle in Kansas between the friends of Freedom and of 
Slavery, which continued many years. Late in the spring of 



223 



224 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMEN T^ M. V. M. 

1856 Senator Sumner of Massachusetts, delivered a great speech 
in the United States Senate, the subject being, "The Crimes 
against Kansas." In that speech he criticised the leading cham- 
pions of slavery in the Senate, among whom was Senator Butler 
of South Carolina. Soon after the delivery of the speech and 
during a recess of the Senate, while Mr. Sumner sat at his desk 
writing, a nephew of the Senator and a member of the House 
of Representatives, from South Carolina, Preston S. Brooks, re- 
senting what Mr. Sumner had said about his uncle, stealthily ap- 
proached Mr. Sumner from behind, and struck him blow after 
blow upon his head and back with a stiletto cane, until Mr. 
Sumner was rescued by his friends and borne in an unconscious 
condition to his lodgings. 

That dastardly act was emphatically denounced all over the 
North by press and pulpit, and at great mass meetings. 

I remember such a meeting in Worcester shortly after the 
occurrence, while old Massachusetts was trembling with excite- 
ment, that Senator Wilson, Mr. Sumner's associate was present, 
and made an earnest and impressive speech in regard to this 
outrageous attack of Brooks upon his colleague, and among other 
things, he said, " When I removed the blood stained clothing 
from that wounded Senator, I resolved, then and there, that when 
I next entered the Senate Chamber, I would brand that deed of 
Brooks as brutal, murderous and cowardly." 

In Boston, no preacher in the city spoke stronger words of 
condemnation of that brutal assault on Free Speech than did 
Rev. A. L. Stone, in his sermon in reference to it. He took for 
his text the words recorded in Acts, describing the assault upon the 
Apostle Paul by the Jews at Lystra, namely, " And having stoned 
Paul, they drew him out of the city, supposing he was dead." I 
quote the following from a Boston paper which was published at 
the time Dr. Stone's farewell sermon was delivered at Park Street, 
when he accepted the call to the First Congregational Church 
at San Francisco, California. " Dr. Stone early took in this city 
a bold stand as a Reformer in the days when it cost something 
to attack slavery and public wrong. And throughout all the 
years in which the hurricane which has swept the land was gath- 



CHAPLAIN STONE 225 

ering, and while it howled around us, in the very wrath and 
agony of civil war, the Park Street pulpit has calmly maintained 
one clear, bold, decided heroic position of fidelity to the higher 
laws of God and humanity. Dr. Stone's name will ever hold an 
honored place upon the glorious list of those pastors of New Eng- 
land, who said to their young men, " Go with me into this great 
fight for the dear life of the nation." 

After Lincoln's inauguration as President, the South began 
to show unmistakable signs of their intention to carry into effect 
their threats to secede from the Union. To maintain the integ- 
rity of the nation and overcome the growing rebellion in the 
Southern States, President Lincoln repeatedly called for troops, 
which were furnished. In the summer of 1862, another call was 
issued by the President, and in response to that call, the Forty- 
Fifth Massachusetts Regiment was formed, which joined in the 
chorus with the thousands of other Union Defenders, " We are 
coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more." 

I have already spoken of Dr. Stone, who consented to serve 
the Regiment as its chaplain, as a reformer, and from the same 
Boston paper will quote in part, what it said of him as a preacher. 
"When Dr. Stone came to Park Street it was a 'half empty 
sanctuary ' but after he began to preach, it became sprinkled 
then darkened, then thronged with eager listeners, until the as- 
tonished and delighted parish were compelled to order a cord or 
two of camp stools for use on occasions of special service. The 
same dense throng could be seen during the last year of his ser- 
vice at that church. No man in this country except Henry Ward 
Beecher has preached to as many people in the last fifteen years 
as Andrew L. Stone, and it is safe to say that no man has more 
faithfully used the great trust of such a popularity. It is very 
certain that there have been many periods of extraordinary spir- 
itual activity in connection with his labors, while it lies upon the 
face of the statistics of the church, that no New England church 
has acquired so large a membership or one whose increment has 
been more traceable to the fervor and fidelity of private personal 
labor, as well as the appropriateness of public appeal. Dr. Stone 
has a strength of reasoning which, however veiled and festooned 



226 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

by the flowers of fancy, makes resistless appeal, through and by 
the very aid of the fancy, to the reason, as well as to the conscience; 
and a perennial richness and freshness of conception and illus- 
tration which throw the oldest and most threadbare topic out 
into newness of life under the charm of its wonderful treatment. 
In one respect, at least, Dr. Stone resembles the late Rufus 
Choate, and that is, in so concealing the remorseless syllogism 
under the gay drapery of imagination, that its irresistible work is 
so done as scarcely to seem done at all, and even to lead to the 
suspicion in hasty minds, that there is no syllogism there. As a 
journal having,no sectarian bias, we have spoken strongly of our 
distinguished fellow citizen who is about to leave us for the 
shores of the Pacific, and who, while among us has been prom- 
inently identified with the so-called Orthodox faith. But while 
' Orthodox ' to the back-bone, Dr. Stone has ever seemed to us 
to be a man of marked catholicity of spirit." 

It certainly was a great privilege for the soldiers of the 
Forty-Fifth to have for our chaplain a man of this description in 
that great conflict, to cheer, to counsel, to comfort and console 
us in the varying conditions and moods incident to war. Chap- 
lain Stone showed a wonderful adaptability for those things. I 
remember the first sermon I heard him preach at Camp Amory 
on the Trent. He took for his text these words: " He shall bring 
them to their desired haven." He spoke of the dangers that 
threatened us on our voyage to Beaufort, viz.: the filthy condition 
of our vessels crowded with men, confined as some of them were 
in the hold of the vessels, on account of the stormy weather, sup- 
plied with little air, narrowly escaping an epidemic, the danger 
too, from the rebel war vessel, the Alabama, making an attack 
on us. But notwithstanding these dangers God brought us in 
safety to our desired haven. The lesson to be learned from this 
discourse was enforced by the chaplain in his own inimitable way. 
He was always brief, never wearisome, rarely occupying more 
than twenty minutes in the delivery of his sermon. He had 
a fine presence, a wonderful voice,-and great ease in his delivery. 
As I did not keep notes of the chaplain's sermons, writing simply 
from memory, I have had access to a diary kept by a well-known 
comrade from which I make some extracts. 



CHAPLAIN STONE 227 

"January 14, 186B. — At three o'clock in the afternoon we 
fell in for Divine Services conducted on our parade ground 
(Camp Amory) by Chaplain Stone. Text Psalms 11 : 12: "I 
will pay unto the Lord my vows," Said the chaplain, " It is re- 
corded especially of David that he made this declaration. It 
was very common with men in times of peril and extremity to 
make some vow or covenant with God, that if life was spared it 
should henceforth be devoted to his service. Many of you have 
but lately come from the sulphurous smoke of battle. Did you not 
then make a covenant with God, that if he would spare your life 
it should be consecrated to him? Perhaps you may not have 
feared death, but the thought of loved ones at home, mother, sis- 
ter, and wife did not they plead with you, and you may have asked 
for life for their sakes? Men wonder not that one who has risen 
from a severe and almost fatal sickness should be marked by a 
deep seriousness. So your fellow-men would say of you, " He 
has been in battle, he stood face to face with death." He closed 
with an earnest appeal to his hearers to pay unto the Lord their 
vows. 

February 15, 1863. — This afternoon the regiment with guns 
and equipments formed into line, and headed by the band, 
marched to the Presbyterian Church. (The regiment was at this 
time doing Provost Duty in New Berne.) Rev. Dr. Lothrop of 
the Brattle Square Church of Boston, who is visiting in New 
Berne, conducted the services. He preached a very patriotic 
discourse and in conclusion spoke of the good name the regiment 
enjoyed. He also referred in a very tender manner to our late 
comrade Elbridge Graves of Company A., who received his death 
wound in the battle of Kinston, and stated that he attended the 
funeral services at Newburyport, Mass. 

March 8, 1863. — Attended the Episcopal Church this fore- 
noon, Major Russell Sturgis read the prayers. The sermon was 
by an old gentleman whose name I did not ascertain. In the 
afternoon the regiment marched to church, the band playing a 
very lively tune. It is certainly a very uncomfortable way of at- 
tending church to have to care for gun, cartridge-box, bayonet 
and scabbard throughout the entire service We would prefer 



228 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

to go in the simple New England fashion. Our style reminds us 
of our Pilgrim Fathers who carried their weapons of war to the 
Meeting-house, 'as a necessity, but with our pickets out for miles 
and guards stationed all over the city, we fail in our case to see 
the necessity. The Presbyterian Church which we attend is 
quite an old building but in very good repair and in a fine central 
location. Marble tablets eulogizing the virtues of departed 
members adorn the walls. 

In addition to the different sermons already enumerated 
during our service, I recall to mind a most excellent one preached 
from the words of Paul to Timothy, " Thou, therefore, endure 
hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ." But the most elo- 
quent and effective sermon, I think, that I heard Chaplain Stone 
deliver was the one immediately after the regiment had been 
baptised by fire in the battles of Kinston and Whitehall, the 
chaplain taking for his text the words of Christ in reply to Pilate, 
the latter asserting that he had power to release, or to crucify 
him, namely: " Thou couldst have no power at all except it be 
given thee." The chaplain then told of three occasions when that 
text gave him relief and comfort. 

Once, when on a voyage to the East, there arose a severe 
tempest and the waves tossed the vessel as though it was a mere 
egg shell, and fear came to his heart as he thought to himself that 
there was, as it were, only a plank between him and the angry 
waves beneath, then these words of Christ came to his mind and 
the fear was gone, and he could say to the winds and the waves, 
" Thou couldst do nothing at all except it were given to thee from 
above." 

The second time those words brought relief was when travel- 
ing with a party in Syria, they encountered a simoon, and fear of 
death disturbed their minds. 

And the last time was during the battle of Kinston in which 
our regiment was engaged. While the shot and shell and other 
deadly missiles filled the air he was engaged in caring for the 
wounded and the dying and the thought entered his mind, what 
if one of those missiles of death should strike him, and fear came 
to him for a moment, but those words of Christ came again to> 



CHAPLAIN STONE '229 

his relief and fear was gone and he could say to the shot and 
shell, " Thou coulds't do nothing at all except it were given to 
thee from above." " And if death comes while doing my duty it 
is all right for I would fall at my post." 

The gallant Color-Sergeant of the regiment, Theodore Park- 
man, had been struck on the head in the battle of Whitehall, by 
a fragment of a shell and soon died Our chaplain was by his 
side speaking words of comfort and sympathy as his life ebbed 
away, and at the Sunday evening prayer meeting, led as usual by 
the chaplain, he told of the last hours of suffering of this man. 
He bore his sufferings heroically and was submissive to whatever 
lot awaited him, come life, or come death. 

Beside the regular Sunday evening meeting led by the chap- 
lain there was a Friday evening prayer meeting maintained by 
the regiment, and often conducted by Major Russell Sturgis, Jr., 
a former President of the Young Men's Christian Association of 
Boston. 

While so many spiritual helps and advantages were access- 
ible to the regiment, the chaplain through his friends in Boston, 
had provided a large circulating library for the use of the mem- 
bers of the regiment to occupy their time and attention while off 
duty, and thus guarding their minds against the many tempta- 
tions which beset a soldier when in camp and not on active ser- 
vice. 

On January 25, 1863, the regiment was transferred from 
Camp Amory to the city of New Berne to do provost duty, re- 
lieving the Seventeenth Massachusetts Regiment which had been 
performing that service since the Goldsboro march. Gross 
ignorance prevailed in that city among the colored population, 
and also among a large section of the whites, for the " Elite " of 
the city had temporarily moved away, so that missionary work in 
addition to the usual duties of the soldier, was to characterize 
the labors of many individual members of the Forty-Fifth. 

The Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln giving 
freedom to three millions of slaves in the Southern States had al- 
ready been published to the world. 

Stanley, who had been appointed Governor of North Caro- 



230 THE FOBTY-FIFTH EEGIMEJ^T, M. V. M. 

lina, and who had closed the negro schools, had been removed, 
and another Governor appointed who permitted the teaching of 
the colored youth. 

On the arrival of Mrs. Stone, the wife of our chaplain, a day 
school for colored children was opened under her auspices in the 
colored church on Hancock Street. The school was opened 
daily by the repeating of the Lord's prayer in concert, led by 
Chaplain Stone, and he remained with them for an hour. 

Several ladies interested themselves in this work. I'he 
teachers, for the most part, were soldiers from our regiment who 
taught in that school when not on military duty. This school 
numbered about rive hundred, including a few adults. Under 
the circumstances, there could be but little systematic and regu- 
lar teaching by classes, owing to the frequent change of teachers, 
and the lack of suitable text-books. It was pioneer work, but it 
let in some rays of light into their darkened minds, an earnest, 
perhaps, of better means of education in store for them in the 
near future. 

It was certainly very gratifying to myself, and no doubt to 
all who contributed in this pioneer work of education in behalf 
of the colored youth of New Berne. The chaplain followed up 
this work when the regiment was relieved from provost duty and 
was in Camp Massachusetts ; opening a school there for the con- 
trabands near by, which was continued until our departure from 
the South. And thus throughout our term of service, whenever 
opportunity offered, our chaplain manifested his sympathy for 
this oppressed people, not only by public speech, but by bring- 
ing directly as far as was in his power, the blessings of education 
to them. 

I have already alluded to our church privileges while in New 
Berne. The Episcopal Church was open in the morning. Major 
Sturgis in the absence of the Rector reading the service, and a 
sermon. The singing was by a quartette of male voices, two 
from our regiment, and two who were on detailed service in the 
city ; and it was a great attraction to all lovers of music. The 
church building was of stone, and prettily situated on Pollock 
Street in an old burying ground filled with elms and willows and 



CHAPLAIN STONE 231 

moss covered tombstones. The interior of the church was finished 
in good taste, and there was a very good organ to aid the music. 
A Sunday School was started in this church during our stay 
in the city, with Major Sturgis as Superintendent. The school 
was largely made up of poor children, some were bare footed, 
while others were lacking one or two outside garments, and were 
of that class of whites in the South commonly termed " white 
trash." 

I remember the kindness of heart and personal interest man- 
ifested by Major Sturgis towards the individual members of that 
school. 

One Sunday during the session of the school, the Major 
came to the class which I was teaching, made up of boys about 
twelve years of age and speaking to each one, he asked one boy 
where he lived, and he replied, " Opposite the jail," and I re- 
member the Major turned and asked me if I ever read the book 
of that title. 

That school was growing rapidly in numbers and interest 
when we left the city. 

While the chaplain was ever busy in various ways in doing 
good, he found time to be at the bedside of the suffering and dy- 
ing to administer comfort and consolation. I am privileged in 
having a copy of a letter which was written by Chaplain Stone 
to his people at Park Street Church, and which tells its own 
story. 

New Berne, N. C;., February 12, 1863. 
My Dear People: 

There are few scenes on earth that reveal more visibly the glory of 
the Divine presence and the power of sustaining grace than the death- 
bed of a Christian. It has been my privilege to watch over the decline 
and the departure of one oi God's dear ones in our regiment the past 
week. George Brooks, one of our own Boston boys, a member of Com- 
pany A, recruited under C^aptain Russell Sturgis, Jr., now our major, 
was taken ill of typhoid fever about a week ago. From the first he ex- 
pressed his entire resignation to the Divine will. He enjoyed the con- 
stant presence of Jesus at his side. When I asked him daily, '• Is your 
Saviour near you today?" the look upon his face had a radiant answer 
before his lips could speak. All through his sickness that faithful pres- 



232 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

ence cheered and sustained him. He was never dejected, he never mur- 
mured. He would say but little, as his lungs seemed congested, but by 
gasps and whispers one day he told me, holding my face down close to 
his, 60 that he could make me hear his lowest word — he told me that he 
never had had full assuiance of his pardon and acceptance till he be- 
came a soldier. He said that in the battle of Kinston, under that ter- 
rible fire of the enemy, his Saviour came to him as never before, 
declared His Presence, revealed His love, and held his soul in His hands. 
As the hour of death drew on, he seemed to have three burdens of 
prayer. The first was quickly disposed of. He prayed aloud, " Oh, 
Lord, keep me, hold me fast, leave me not, let me not go," and then all 
thoughts of himself seemed to be at an end. Shortly after, his lips 
moved asjain and audibly, and his second burden was laid down at the 
Divine feet: ''Oh God spare my country! oh, save my dear native 
land!" For a few moments, silence succeeded, and the voice of prayer 
was heard once more, the last earthly articulation of that tongue 
though his consciousness continued till his last breath, some fifteen 
minutes later. His last burden was borne up on the old 'familiar peti- 
tion, "Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven." 
His own soul, his country, the Israel of God, these three interests he 
thus commended in his last utterances to the faithful Promisor- 
How could a Christian life close more appropriately and triumph- 
antly? He was a fine, manly fellow, his eye very dark and bright, a 
swarthy face, with a brilliant set of teeth and a pleasant smile; a pleas- 
ant companion and an agreeable and valued friend. He was, as you 
would infer, a brave soldier, and on the battlefield suffered no tremor to 
disturb nerve or spirit. His body is to be embalmed and sent home, 
but his memory is already embalmed in our hearts, and will be fragrant 
as long as Christian patriotism shall be honored on earth, as long as 
Christian friendship shall endure in heaven. If any man ever doubted 
the suihciency of the gospel of Christ to transform, sustain and elevate 
a human life, and help it to meet its last and greatest need, let him look 
upon such a scene, and his skepticism must vanish like mist before the 
sun. One's faith becomes more settled and immovable after such an ex- 
hibition of the truth and tenderness of Jesus. 

Let yonr prayers hover constantly over the pillows of our sick and 
wounded. The touch of loved fingers is far away, but your intercessions 
may be as the shadow of an angel's wing to faces growing white under 
the signature of death. 

Ever and constantly yours, 

A. L. Stone. 

Ten days after the death of Comrade George Brooks, was 
Washington's birthday, which occurred on Sunday. In the morn- 



CHAPLAIN STONE 233 

ing the regiment marched to the Presbyterian Church and lis- 
tened to Rev. Jacob M. Manning, chaplain of the Forty-Third 
Massachusetts Regiment (the "Tiger Regiment.") Chaplain 
Manning was at that time Pastor of the Old South Church of 
Boston. His subject was, " Moses, as a leader of God's chosen 
people, the Israelites." He said in substance that "God selected 
Moses to lead his people out of bondage, so Washington was 
raised up to lead his people out of subjection to the British 
Crown into civil liberty. And now the Union Army needed an 
efficient commander to lead it to victory. Burnside, McClellan 
and Hooker had not proved adequate to the task." General 
Grant had not then gained that prominence he afterwards 
attained. 

At about mid-day we were startled by hearing the booming 
of cannon, and we naturally grasped our gun*^, thinking the 
rebels were attacking the city, but were informed by Chaplain 
Manning that it was a salute being fired from Fort Totten in 
honor of the day. 

In the afternoon the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was 
administered, those partaking who desired. Chaplain Manning 
having charge of the same, being assisted by Rev. Mr. James of 
Worcester, two lieutenants passing the emblems. It was quite 
a co-incidence that double celebration coming on the same day, 
namely, the death of Christ, our Spiritual Leader under the 
Gospel Dispensation, and the birth of Washington, the great 
leader of the American armies in that struggle of our Nation for 
freedom. 

Our chaplain sought in various ways to provide for the spir- 
itual welfare of the soldiers. His presence in the prayer meet- 
ing was very helpful and inspiring, as many of the regiment have 
again and again asserted. 

One occasion I recall very vividly to mind. It was while I 
was prostrated by sickness and in the regimental hospital, and a 
prayer meeting was held in an adjoining barrack. I felt cheered 
and buoyed up as I heard those present singing the old and fami- 
liar songs, such as, " Nearer My God to Thee!" The regiment 
was highly favored during its entire service in having so many 



234 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

fine singers, whose rich and melodious voices often inspired and 
encouraged us, and helped to beguile many and many a weary 
hour. 

I cannot close this article more appropriately than by quot- 
ing the farewell words of Chaplain Stone himself to his people, 
February 4th, 1866, in which he alluded to his absence from the 
church during the war as follows: " I have written ineffaceably 
upon my heart your ready and fervent response when the dread 
hour of our country's trial came. When many minds were per- 
plexed, many souls fearful, and some faltering, the call was 
sounded for all hearts to be true and steadfast, and for the young 
men to go forth armed to the defense of the Capital and the flag. 
Our young men stood up, they buckled on the sword ; they took 
up the rifle ; old men blessed them ; fathers and mothers gav» 
them up, saying, *' We have nothing dearer to give ;" fond sisters 
gave both tearfully and cheerfully, the same kiss ; young wives 
unclasped their fond arms from the necks of young husbands, and 
they went forth, our fairest, our noblest, our dearest, our bravest. 
And you, who went not, remained to pray, there were none but 
loyal hearts here, remained to give your humblest industry to the 
soldier's comfort, to the forwarding of bountiful supplies to the 
sick, the wounded, and the prisoners. You lent your pastor to a 
campaign of nine months, and kept your courage, unfaltering 
loyalty of spirit, large self-sacrifice, and triumphant hope to the 
last; and the young men, our elect, one hundred, came back to 
share the ovations of a rescued and grateful country bringing 
with them many an honorable scar, shattered limbs, and dismem- 
bered frames ; leaving behind many a sod, stained with the best 
blood in their veins; leaving behind, alas! some of their gallant 
comrades, whose dust sleeps thank God! in safety and honor be- 
neath the victorious flag, whose names are written in our hearts, 
and on our country's long scroll of heroes — names, which no dis- 
tant and coming generations will willingly let die. Oh, had you 
been recreant in that great crisis of our Nation, and of human- 
ity's long struggle, you and and I would have parted long ere 
this ! But I thank God, the record of this church for loyalty, 
patriotism and valor, at home and in the high places in the fields 
is without blot or stain." 




a Stirring IBa^ : 

The Attempt of the Confederates to retake New Berne, 
March 13, U, 1863. 

By Lieutenant George E. Pond, of Company A. 

T was General Foster's intention to celebrate the an- 
niversary of the capture of New Berne by a parade 
of the troops in and about the city, and orders to 
that effect had been issued to the various commanders, 
but it appears that the Confederates had a little programme laid 
out for that day which seriously interfered with General Foster's. 
On Friday, March 13th, the rumors came thick and fast, 
that our pickets had been driven in here, there and everywhere. 
And during that day, and all the next, the rumors were exceed- 
ingly numerous and contPadictory. 'Late Friday afternoon a 
small body of Confederate cavalry charged upon our infantry 
picket with its cavalry vidette, stationed at our outpost, at Deep 
Gully, and fired upon them. The fire was briskly returned, when 
the enemy left with some wounded. The main picket camp was 
notified of the attack, and Company K of the Twenty-Fifth 
Massachusetts Regiment was sent forward to the outpost, and 
Captain Chamberlain of the Third New York Cavalry, Company 
A, moved his command to the front, and dismounting his men, 
attacked the enemy's advance, which was concealed in the woods, 
a mile beyond the outpost. Captain Chamberlain, having felt 
the enemy's position and strength, retired, and Captain Denny 
ordered up the other infantry companies of his command,. A, C 
and G of the Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, placing 
them in the most advantageous positions to repel any attack, 
Company K being stationed in the rifle pits. Very soon the 
enemy opened upon our forces from four pieces of artillery, 
throwing shells, grape, canister and solid shot, directly into the 
work, and among our troops. At this point Lieutenant-Colonel 
Lewis of the Third New York Cavalry arrived from New Berne, 

235 



236 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

and assumed command, and finding the position untenable, 
ordered the brave men to retire in order, which was done with- 
out losing a man. Our forces reinforced by some companies of 
the Third New York Cavalry, and one small howitzer, took posi- 
tion about one hundred yards back of the rifle pits at the " Gully," 
and opened a heavy fire upon the enemy. The Confederates 
then attempted to flank our position, when Lieutenant-Colonel 
Lewis ordered a retreat, which was made in good order, the 
enemy following upon a charge with most terrific shouts and 
yells. The infantry lost one man in this retreat, William C. Wis- 
well, of Company G, belonging to North Oxford, Mass., who 
was probably taken prisoner. Our forces then took position 
at the Grape Vine House, three-fourths of a mile from Deep 
Gully, which position they held until the arrival of Colonel 
Lee's brigade at nightfall. Our forces laid upon their arms all 
night, suffering severely from the cold, and the next morning 
moved forward to attack the enemy. 

General Palmer having arrived, took command. Company 
K was thrown into the woods on the right and had a severe 
skirmish of over an hour, with the enemy's advance, and drove 
them back some distance. News having arrived of the attack on 
the camp of the Ninety-Second New York, opposite New Berne, 
the troops at the outposts were ordered back to the city, with 
the exception of the Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts, under command 
of Colonel Josiah Pickett and Captain Rigg's Battery. They 
were ordered to keep back the advancing enemy. The confed- 
erates shelled the woods, slowly advancing until noon, but our 
infantry and artillery checked them pretty effectually, and 
about three o'clock in the afternoon it was discovered that they 
had retired behind the " Gully." At night, the Twenty-Fifth 
Massachusetts was relieved by the Forty-Third and Forty-Sixth 
Regiments of Afassachusetts Volunteers, they holding the origi- 
nal position held by our troops in the morning, just in advance 
of the Jackson House. 

Meantime, on Friday, all sorts of rumors, as we have already 
said, were afloat in New Berne. Now, the confederates are com- 
ing in force with thirty thousand, now with sixty thousand men. 



A STIBRING DAY 237 

They had been skirmishing with us at Pollocksville, at Batchel- 
der's Creek, on the Trent, on the Neuse. They were commanded 
by Longstreet, by Hill, by Pettigrew. They had twenty, thirty, 
fifty pieces of artillery. They had "bust in " our pickets, here 
^nd there. They had cut the railroad communication between 
here and Morehead, had taken Newport Barracks and captured 
its garrison, the Fifty-First Massachusetts. But it would be a 
useless task to repeat the tales of the hour, some true, some per- 
verted, and many false. Saturday on going clown to breakfast, 
to my great surprise, I heard cannonading from the region of 
Batchelder's Creek, " nearer and more near," it seemed, and 
while eating it was very audible to us all. We had orders to 
" fall in " for the " inspection " and " review " at 8.30 A. M. 
So we "fell in," and after standing a short time on the parade 
ground, we were dismissed and were ordered to deal out to 
the men instanter, forty rounds of ball cartridges, and officers 
and men to remain in quarters, waiting orders. While we stood 
there we could distinctly hear the cannonading across the river 
Neuse. 

After parade was dismissed, I went down to the wharf, at 
the foot of Pollock Street, where a large crowd had already 
gathered, and with my field glass, witnessed the scene, which had 
thrown our garrison across the Neuse into some excitement. But 
there was no need of a glass, with the naked eye, we could see, 
across the river, a mile or two distant, the camp of the Ninety- 
Second New York, undergoing a heavy cannonading. There 
were "the bombs bursting in air," in and around the fort and 
beyond it, between us and them. Now they would burst high in 
air and anon, burst on the river itself, throwing up the spray. 
The wharf where we stood was crowded with soldiers and citi- 
zens, the "mean white trash," having come out, in what appeared 
to us, unusual numbers. It did not seem possible that the garri- 
son could hold out much longer. While I had been quietly 
sleeping the war of cannon had broken. The guard and others 
on the wharf stated that the Confederates had been at it since 
daybreak. On the wharf I met one of the Ninety Second, who 
had then (9 o'clock) come over in a small boat, with the flag of 



238 THE FOUTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

truce, bringing a demand from the Confederates for a surrender of 
the little garrison. This demand was referred to General Foster, 
and this man was waiting with his party to carry back the mes- 
sage. 

They were completely isolated from any help, their earth- 
works, a mound, and a ditch running around the fort, still incom- 
plete, and not a piece of artillery over there, which shows some- 
body'sgross carelessness. They were forced to seethe Confederates 
file out of the woods, a complete brigade of four or five regiments, 
numbering three thousand two hundred men, as Pettigrew's cook 
afterwards told me, with Colonel Pettigrew in command, with 
eighteen pieces of fine artillery, fifteen of which they quickly 
posted, and served against the fort and the boats in the river. 
Pettio-rew's idea was, to gain that side of the river, and if they 
could establish themselves there, they would hold the key to 
New Berne, as the town can easily be shelled from the camp 
of the Ninety-Second. He said that their men had not fired a 
shot, that their guns were of the poorest description, Austrian 
rifles, captured pieces, and there were only three hundred men 
in the earthworks. Each man, however, had taken his cartridges 
from his box and deposited them on the logs, behind which they 
lay, ready for the charge of the enemy, which they momentarily 
expected. Why hadn't the Confederates charged ? The loss of 
life would had been fearful, and perhaps the gunboats would 
have shelled them out had they taken the fort. The wharves 
were crowded and men climbed up into the shrouds of the numer- 
ous trading vessels lying near the wharves. The Confederates 
and their cannon were beyond our sight, but the fort with its 
tents, were in plain view, and so was the signal officer, who was 
waving an immense white flag, with a red centre, signalling to 
our side. And there against the rampart of earth and logs, lay 
the dark indistinguishable mass of men, with fixed bayonets, 
which glittered now and then in the sun. 

But the men were motionless. Our friend told us that but 
ten men of the Ninety-Second had, as yet, been wounded, not- 
withstanding the terrific shelling. Their works protected them 
from the grape and cannister and that while many of the shells 



A STIRBING DAY 239 

burst inside the fort, but few had been wounded. To us, who 
were looking on from a distance, it seemed as if the men must be 
annihilated. In the city all w^as astir, but with no noise or 
tumult. There was a quiet moving of troops and orderlies dash- 
ing hither and thither with messages. 

About nine o'clock our intent eyes were attracted by two 
huge scows, moving slowly out from the shore, beyond us, loaded 
with troops, and in a few minutes the word passed along, that it 
■was the Eighty-Fifth New York, going over to reinforce their 
fellows of the Ninety-Second. 

It was one of the most interesting and exciting mornings 
I ever passed. The bursting of the shells, the battle in full view 
and yet to us, on the New Berne side, a perfectly safe spectacle, 
for no shells reached within a half mile of us. And now the 
roar of the gunboats is distinctly heard, and now a schooner 
mounting two guns, moves up and opens fire on the enemy and 
does some very accurate work. We were told that these guns 
were served by negroes and that their firing was superior to that of 
the Hunchback, Hour after hour the conflict lasted. The Hunch- 
back and the Hetzel all took part in this bombardment after nine 
o'clock. Previous to this time they were not ready. One had 
her steam down, another had trouble with her boiler and 
machinery, and had to be towed to the scene of action. The 
Hunchback ran aground, but did some very effective work, at a 
distance of more than a mile. 

The missiles of these two boats, the Hunchback and the Hetzel 
did terrible execution. It is said that one shell killed two men 
of the enemy and wounded thirteen. In the meantime General 
Prince had been placing in position some twenty-pound howitzers 
belonging to Ranson's Battery, and they opened on the enemy 
in a lively manner. During a lull in the bombardment of the 
fort by the Confederates, General Pettigrew sent a summons to 
Colonel Anderson to surrender, giving him seven minutes before 
making an assault. Colonel Anderson, like his brave namesake 
of Fort Sumter, replied that " he didn't want seven seconds, and 
if they wanted the place to come and take it, and when they 
fired, it suited his convenience, as well as the assault." General 



240 THE FORTT-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Foster was keenly watching the progress of the fight and directed 
much of the artillery fire from the New Berne side of the Neuse. 
As will be seen from the little poem following this article, the 
Hetzel claims the chief part of the honor of repulsing and making 
void this determined attack. 

The stern wheeler (popularly called wheelbarrow) Allison 
with one or two pieces of light artillery on board, made a recon- 
noissance up the river, shelling the woods as she went along. 

In the afternoon the enemy retired, leaving many killed and 
wounded, and minus five pieces of artillery, one dismounted, two 
burst, and two mired in the swamp. During the fight the banks 
of the Neuse opposite the fort was lined with men, women, and 
children, and they were also on the housetops. 

In the evening following the attack, the river was swarming 
with gunboats, as it was thought that with the large Confederate 
force in the vicinity, a general attack would be made the next 
day. 

A Confederate deserter reported that a large force was 
marching on New Berne and intended to fire the city with red 
hot shot. Strict orders regarding fires were issued to the provost 
guard (the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts) and the firemen were up 
all night ready for an emergency. 

The pioneers were ordered to hold themselves ready for in- 
stant duty, but the enemy made no further demonstration. Gen- 
eral Amory with a few regiments went up the Trent road in 
search of the enemy but failed to find him. Many of us expected 
that an attack would be made at midnight. 

In the Guard House I found two or three deserters from the 
Confederates, who escaped to our lines when Pettigrew fell back, 
one of them before the attack. They had marched from Kins- 
ton in two days and a night, marching all night, reaching here 
Friday night, ^and making the attack Saturday morning. 
As we have said one escaped Friday night, before the 
attack, and one fell out on the retreat. Pettigrew's orders were 
to shoot all stragglers. They claimed to be Union men, who 
were conscripted into the Confederate Army. They told us that 
there were about three thousand in the main body on the other 



A STIERING DAY 241 

side. One brigade came from Petersburg, Virginia, by rail, which 
was the force that attacked the camp of the Ninety-Second New 
York They were out of food and came to get it. They had fif- 
teen to eighteen pieces of artillery. Little Washington and Ply- 
mouth were to be attacked at the same time. 

In honor of the repulse of the Confederates, General Foster 
had the " Stars and Stripes " displayed on the steeple of the 
Episcopal Church, the highest point in the city, and where vis- 
ible for miles, it floated in proud defiance. On the Tuesday fol- 
lowing the attack, in company with Sergeants Barstow and 
Butler, I crossed the river to the camp of the Ninety-Second New 
York. At this point the river is two miles wide, although in 
looking at it from our side, it did not seem more than three- 
quarters of a mile. The men of the Ninety-Second had many 
stories to tell us of the fight. 

In front of the earthworks is a plain with low undergrowth, 
half a mile wide, stretching to the thick woods. The camp 
ground itself is small and close to the river bank. The rebel in- 
fantry filed slowly out of the woods, and formed their line on the 
edge, placing their cannon in front of them As we went over 
that ground we could tell the position of each piece, and the kind, 
for the earth was torn up by the recoil, and the ground in the 
vicinity strewn with 'gun-cartridges, papers, etc. They loaded 
and served their pieces with great coolness, as there was no re- 
sistance for a time, and they were within easy musket range, less 
than half a mile from the earthworks, and they ought to have 
been able to have battered the works to pieces. 

The usual relics of such a firing were lying around. Here 
the ground was furrowed by a shell scooping half a dozen feet of 
earth, a foot in depth, and yonder it had ricocheted and made a 
similar cavity. These were the marks of the shells fired by our 
gunboats. There was a house or two occupied by " neutrals," 
standing directly in the line of fire of the batteries, and the shot 
and shell made havoc with them. One shot struck under the 
eaves, and went into the floor. Another had knocked a piece out 
of the ceiling, but, as usual, more damage was done to the outside 
of the houses. Others had swept the boughs off the low trees. 



242 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGUIENT, M. V. M. 

Everywhere the effect of the shells could be seen. They showed us 
one spot where a rebel gun had burst, and close by was found a 
blanket covered with blood. Fragments of shells were lying around 
loose, and one or two whole conical shells, which did not ex- 
plode. I saw one big round shell, unexploded, which I could, 
with difficulty, lift. But time would fail to speak of the marks 
of the terrific cannonading of that day, to which the fields, houses, 
trees, etc., were subjected. 

Returning to the camp of the Ninety-Second, we observed 
that it was surrounded by an earthwork lined with logs, about 
three feet high, on all sides but one, the side toward the rebel 
attack, was perhaps six feet high. We saw where the men lay 
packed closely against the logs, and where their cartridges had 
been laid on the interstices. They were all at this time busily 
engaged repairing the earthworks which had saved them from 
annihilation. There was a ditch five or six feet wide, filled with 
water, all around the works. They could have made havoc of 
men attempting to charge across it, but it is said that the rebels, 
finding they could not trap our men, nor shell them out, deter- 
mined to charge upon the works, when opportunely, the gunboats 
opened fire. 

Within the works the tents were completely riddled. The 
few trees inside were torn to pieces, and two or three small rough 
houses, put up for officers' quarters were battered almost to 
kindling w^ood. I should say the Colonel's little house had 
twenty or thirty holes in it, made by the enemy's fire, about a 
dozen of which seemed clean cut and of grape shot size. I can- 
not picture the complete riddling of everything contained in the 
fort ; fragments of shot and shell everywhere lying about. Men 
showed bullets and pieces of shell which they had found in their 
tents and beds, and benches. 

While I stood there one of them picked up two pieces of 
shell and gave me, and another gave me a battered bullet. In 
front of the Colonel's quarters were the fragments of a 20 pound 
rifled cannon which had burst in firing and was left behind by the 
enemy. The tires were blown off and a part of the circumfer- 
ence, and it must have killed several of the men standing by 
when it burst. 



A STIRBING DAY 243 

Lines, written at Newbern, N. C, March 14th, 1863, at the time of the 

attack on Fort Anderson by the rebels under Gen. Pettigrew, 

where they were repulsed, and finally driven off by the 

Gunboat Hetzel. 

A mist hangs over Newbern, dim clouds obscure the skies, 
And, like a caged monster, the good old Hetzel lies 
A helpless hull, with fires drawn — without a pound of steam. 
And not a friendly breeze afloat to waft her up the stream. 

Beyond us on the Neuse's bank, and pointing to the north. 
Lay Anderson and his brave band in their unfinished fort ; 
His orders were to watch the foe, and to arrest the flight 
Of ravenous "guerilla " hawks that sweep around at night. 

Now looking to the fort, we see a white flag cleave the air. 
Which in its swaying language tells, " The foe in force is near." 
In massive columns advancing, they now come pouring in, 
' Tis Pettigrew, 'tis Pettigrew, with twice four thousand men. 

His heavy guns are planted in fierce and dread array. 

Demanding a surrender at one-half hour's delay; 

But mark the proud defiance.^in Anderson's reply — 

" We'll never yield to rebel chief, we'll fight it out or die." 

Then belches the artillery its showers of iron hail. 
Which sweep across the ill-fared fort like sleet before the gale ; 
Now crouch the hapless soldiers behind the muddy walls, 
That tremble as they check the flight of the destructive balls. 

With angry frown our Capt. paces fore and aft the deck, 
And looks upon his favorite craft, now helpless as a wreck; 
He sees the curling smoke, and hears the rebel thunder roll. 
And grief for being out of range disturbs his inmost soul. 

Soon our mysterious bunting procured a towboat's aid. 

And never with a bt-tter will was anchor ever weighed ; 

And now the well-tried soldiers, their grief for joy exchange. 

For round about is heard the shout, " The HetzeVs within range." 

Then Mclntyre, our Bos'n, his marine bugle blew. 

And summoned to their " quarters " the brave old HetzeVs crew; 

With joy our Capt. viewed them, and proudly did he smile 

On the heroes who sustained him at Roanoke's gloomy isle. 



244 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

"Cast loose! run in!" he calmly cries, (no need to say be stout), 
" Sponge clean — load — ten second shell — ram home well — run out; 
Now elevate and take good aim, be cool, boys, do it well, 
And send the knaves your compliments, wrapt in a nine-inch shell." 

And never yet did shot or shell on surer errand go. 

Since first the traitor dared to strike that bold presumptuous blow; 

Precision marked its flight, it burst full in their studded lines, 

And swept them off as wild winds sweep seared branches from the pineB. 

Our next dismounts their heaviest gun, and fills them with despair, 
And now the men who held the front are hastening to the rear; 
Yes, all are reeling backward, discouraged, losing ground, 
And seemed to know they've '' little show " while Capt. D. is round! 

When sunk the sun that evening, at anchor calm we lay, 

In joyous groups, discoursing the glories of the day; 

We saw the soldiers coming, with grateful hearts, to tell 

How the Iletzel savedthree hundred with her well aimed shot and shell. 

Now drink to Capt. Davenport, and to his sailors brave. 
Who drove the rebels as the wind drives foam upon the wave; 
Likewise to Lynch, his Coxswain, who fired our nine-inch gun. 
May he live long to wear the badge of honor he has won. 

DiBDIN No. 2. 



Note. These verses were "hawked" around the streets of New 
Berne at ten cents a copy. 




MAP OF TOWN OF NEW KERNK. SHOWING FOSI I ION OF CONFEDERATE FORCES 




Scouting at i8igl)t l^ctonD tl^e ptcfectis on a 
Locomotttie. 

BY LIEUT. GERSHOM C. WINSOR, ADJUTANT. 

HEN General Foster learned of the attack upon our 
outposts and that a large Rebel force was in the 
vicinity of Newbern, he ordered all officers and men 
to remain in quarters. The Provost Guard had 
orders to turn every one back to their stores and houses. After 
makino- my rounds with this order I was in duty bound to ride 
to my own quarters, or run the risk of being placed under arrest 
for disobeying General Foster's orders. However i found out 
from one of our Company Officers who had come off guard, that 
General D. H. Hill's Division, of Longstreet's Corps, had besieged 
the city with General Pettigrew's brigade over the Neuse, before 
Fort Anderson ; General Robertson's brigade over the Trent, 
threatening the railroad to Beaufort Harbor ; General Daniel's 
brigade out at Deep Gully this side of the Trent ; and 
General Ranson's brigade near Batchelder's Creek, this side of 
the Neuse. And at lunch we held a council of War. The 
question was, "does the General's order include Mrs. Peabody ?" 
It was decided for her to try and get as far as Provost Head- 
quarters and then get a pass from Colonel Messenger, the 
Provost Marshal. She did, and went to the river front in the 
upper part of the city, where the shells had reached from the 
rebel guns, over the river, a mile and a half away ; saw the Gun- 
boat Hunchback aground, within range and firing, saw other 
gunboats steaming up ; heard that the signalling on the *' Hunch- 
back," said for those in the fort not to surrender, for relief was 
being sent, and was told that every man would be ordered into 
the trenches before daylight. As darkness shut down there was 
a lull. We were just leaving the dinner table when an order 
came which Colonel Codman handed to me with the remark : 
" Adjutant, you will have to attend to this in person ; bring 

245 



246 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

up a company from Fort Macon." It was an order from Gen- 
eral Foster to send an officer to Fort Macon and bring up one 
company of the two serving there as Heavy Artillery, to Fort 
Spinola on the left of our line, by daylight to-morrow morning, 
(^olonel Ralph Webster to furnish transportation. 

Taking my Smith and Wesson's seven shooter, a box of car- 
tridges, and a liberal supply of cigars, I started out for the Rail- 
road Depot, the headquarters of Colonel Webster, Quarter- 
master in charge of transportation, on General Foster's Staff. 
When I presented the order, he said : " Winsor you cannot get 
to Fort Macon. The rebel cavalry tore up the track and cut the 
wires below Havelock station just before dark and I expect 
ditched an engine." "Well, how about going by Steamer?" 
" Why, man, it is 90 miles to Hatteras Inlet, and you would not 
get to Beaufort Harbor before to-morrow noon." Then I said, 
" Just write transportation refused, and sign it right on this 
order." 

" Oh, No, not for Christopher Columbus Holmes ! " (Web- 
ster was an old Cadet). " The only engine I have here, is the 
new one, "General Foster," and if you lose her, you had better 
desert, rather than come back to this department." It took half 
an hour to get her steam up. Then she with a box freight car 
pulled into the station. The engineer stepped down and I 
arranged with him for a quick run for five miles to our last 
picket, then stop. It was now nine o'clock in the evening and 
we had thirty miles to make, if we could. 

The " General Foster," was a high set engine. I sat on the 
seat for the fireman, and reaching down said : " Here Ralf have 
a smoke with us. You may get the wire on us, by the time we 
reach Havelock. We won't lose your rig." We were off. 
Slowly through the streets of the city over the long bridge, then 
hit her up for the picket. The night was cloudy, as black as ink 
in that pine forest ; no lights on engine, the track is straight for 
the 30 miles ; our time for the picket is nearly up ; possibly to- 
night, he is not using a fire ; so I tap on the boiler-head with my 
revolver to slow down that we may be sure to pick him up. He 
heard us coming and tapped on the rail, which the engineer 



SCOUTING AT NIGHT 247 

understood. All the picket man knew was, that he had seen 
smoke rising away down the track before dark. It was now 
decided to take our chances on the next five miles. Engineers 
say for their part, they had rather run at night without a head- 
light. That may be right when they know every twist and turn 
and have switch-lights and semifores etc., but we were rushing 
into utter darkness on a straight track for thirty miles. My mind 
became absolutely blank, as there was no chance to judge dis- 
tance, and could not comprehend that there was any headway 
except as the motion of the machine said so. I closed my eyes 
to save my mind. At last I crossed over lo the engineer and he 
shut her down. He had no more idea, than I, whether we had 
run five or seven miles. We had an extra man in the freight car, 
and the engineer put him out ahead with a hammer to rap on 
the rail if he found any break in the track ; and it was under- 
stood by the engineer that we would lose the man rather than 
the engine. I sat there with my revolver ready, but found it 
very nerve racking, thinking how easy it would be for the Con- 
federates to take the whole outfit. After what seemed a very 
long and tiresome turning of the wheels, we saw the loom of a 
fire ahead on the track, so we picked up our man, and hurried 
forward, but my judgment soon prompted our coming to a stop, 
that we might listen to some sound to guide us How far this side 
of the fire were the rebel pickets located ? I heard the engineer 
throw back his reverse lever, so as to be ready to run if we 
must. The more I listened the more confounded became my 
mind, for if a northern man is ever out of place, it is in a south- 
ern wood at night. 

It was no use to get rattled by the mumbling of coons up 
the trees, or the rush of snakes through the grass, or over twigs. 
I felt quite sure the rebel pickets would let us pass them before 
they attacked, but if they had no implement with them to throw 
out a rail behind us, our chance of running back was good. So 
I decided to take that risk, and ordered the engineer to crawl 
up to the fire, and if attacked in the rear, to run her back " wide 
open," he to throw himself fiat on the floor of the cab, as he 
must not be hit by a bullet. " All right I understand. Sir," and 



248 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

the engine moved forward. I sat down by the fireman in the 
tender on the coal. My thoughts went back to Ralph and his re- 
mark, " not for Christopher Columbus Holmes," then it wandered 
to Colonel Holmes' house in Milton, and a sleigh ride from there 
to Boston of a bright moonlight night, my friend was driving. 
We both fell asleep on Warren street, Roxbury. The mare 
stopped. That woke us. We were in Dock Square with the 
mare's nose close to the rear wall of Faneuil Hall. All of a sud- 
den the engine shot ahead and as I gained the side of the 
engineer, he said, " We are all right." I can see them waving 
their mauls, and sure enough, the track hands from the other 
end of the line were just finishing the break in the track. 

When ready we took them into the freight car, and let her 
go for Morehead, the engineer playing what he called " Yankee 
Doodle " on the whistle. I rushed aboard the Army tug, but the 
Captain could not get away for half an hour as his fires were 
banked. As we passed down the harbor the clouds cleared, and 
the moon was then up. 

I was challenged at the wharf. The Corporal of the Guard 
came and took me through the Sallyport to the Officer of the 
Guard (one of our Lieutenants.) The Officer of the Day came 
and said " Lock him up." This officer was of the Regular Army, 
but the Lieutenant of the Guard sent word to Major Giles, 3d 
New York Artillery, commanding the Post, of my coming, and he 
ordered me to come to his quarters He gave the orders for the 
Company to be turned out, and while waiting I asked the Major 
what caused the flame of the candle, on the pine table in the 
centre of the casement to jump. There was no draft to affect 
it. He said : " I have noticed it and have been thinking that I 
had never seen a candle flame jump here before. It may be that 
the monitor fleet has opened on Fort Sumter, as I understood 
they were ready. If so, the vibration comes along 200 miles of 
sand-spit on the end of which this Fort stands." It proved that 
the fleet did open that night. We left the fort at two o'clock, 
and arrived at Fort Spinola soon after daylight. The rebels re- 
mained before our works for two days, and then withdrew as the 
attack planned on the other side of the Trent had not been 



SCOUTING AT NIGHT 249 

pressed on the railroad, and the new Whitworth guns and 
their ammunition had proved worthless over the Neuse, with 
General Pettigrew. If it had been pressed what would have be- 
come of Colonel Webster's pet engine ? Major General Hill 
says in his report to General Longstreet : " Robertson sent out a 
Lieutenant who partly cut the railroad. He sent out a Colonel 
who saw some Yankees and came back ; Robertson did not go 
himself. We must have a better man. If Pettigrew's guns had 
not failed him I think we would have gained the town, or caused 
a very salutary alarm. Foster ought to be ashamed of letting 
one brigade run him into his rathole. For my part I could get 
no information from New Berne." 




Camp ifHaj2Jjsac]^Uj3cttjS. 

BY PRIVATE ALBERT W. MANN, OF COMPANY A. 

T our last "guard mount " in the city of New Berne, 
the adjutant read a vote of thanks which was sent 
by the residents, commending the regiment for the 
manner in which it had discharged its duty as 
provost guard. As we were leaving the city. General Foster rode 
down our line and complimented Colonel Codman on the tine 
appearance of his men. The 25th of April was a warm and 
pleasant day when we took up our line of march for Camp Mas- 
sachusetts. Our camp site did not look very inviting when we 
reached it, and it required a good deal of hard work to make it 
neat and comfortable. It was outside the outer line of breast- 
works, between the river Neuse and the railroad track, and about 
a mile and a half from our old Camp Amory on the Trent. We 
were furnished with A tents, about eight feet square. These we 
enlarged considerably by setting them upon stockades of logs 
and boards, obtained from a deserted camp nearby. Some of us 
laid floors in our tents and made bunks of old barrel staves. 
Two days after our arrival, and before we had fairly got to 
"housekeeping," marching orders were read on "dress parade." 
Sixty rounds of ball cartridges were served to us, in addition to 
the forty already in our boxes. At half-past eight in the morn- 
ing of April 28th, our regiment was in line in New Berne in front 
of the Academy Green Hospital. A very interesting account of 
the fight at Dover Cross Roads is given in another chapter 
by comrade Lang. 

The month of May is a very pleasant one in North Carolina 
and we frequently obtained permissionto pass our " campguard " 
and rambled over the fields and in the woods in our immediate 
vicinity. Wild strawberry and blackberry vines covered the 
fields for acres. Just outside our lines was an old log cabin, 
where Chaplain Stone conducted prayer meetings which were 

250 



CAMP MASSACHUSETTS 251 

fully attended. Near our camp was the battle ground of New 
Berne, where General Burnside and the troops under his com- 
mand fought and won a notable battle in March of the previous 
year. One warm day a small party of us paid a visit to this historic 
spot, and as we strolled along the woodpeckers and the mocking- 
birds were holding a concert high up in the branches of the trees. 
A tramp of three miles brought us to a line of breastworks ex- 
tending from the railroad track to the fort on the river. 

Beyond the railroad track was a succession of redans, rising 
one above the other like a flight of steps, all concealed. These 
redans must have proved a serious obstacle to the progress of 
our troops, and it was here that the hardest fighting took place 
and the determination and courage of our troops in storming 
and capturing these redans were severely tested. Near the rail- 
road track were the ruins of a brick house and it was at this spot 
that the gallant Adjutant Stearns of the Twenty-First Massachu- 
setts gave up his life. Nature had kindly covered the battle- 
ground with verdure and there were but few marks of that sanguin- 
ary contest. Here and there we saw a tree shattered and 
splintered as if by lightning bolts. Inside the breastworks were 
a few mouldy equipments and uniforms. We came upon an old 
negro splitting rails and entered into conversation with him, 
concerning the battle. He told us that General Burnside 
stopped at his house the night before. The day before the battle 
he said, " the road was gray with rebels, and the next day d/ue 
with Yankees." He gave quite an amusing account of the rebel 
retreat through and from New Berne. The shells of our gunboats 
made great havoc. One shell took the smoke stack off the engine 
that was hauling the train containing the dead and wounded of the 
enemy. On our way back we stopped at the house of " Farmer " 
Harrison, who supplied our hospital and officers with milk. He 
had a comfortable Southern style of house, surrounded by large 
and handsome shade trees. ^ His garden was in a flourishing con- 
dition, particularly his fig trees, and near his house was a monster 
grape-vine having a trunk eight inches in diameter. On our re- 
turn to camp we found the boys in considerable excitement. The 
Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania on the outer picket station had had a 



252 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

fight with the rebels at Dover Cross Roads, taking one hundred 
and sixty prisoners, but losing their gallant Colonel Jones. 

At the nine o'clock "roll-call " that evening a train of open 
platform cars came up from New Berne and stopped in front of 
our camp. The short, sharp order rang out, " Fall in, Forty-Fifth 
in twenty minutes." We filled our haversacks, stowed away sixty 
rounds of ball cartridges, climbed on the cars and in twenty 
minutes we were off for Batchelder's Creek. It looked as though 
we might have a serious time, this hasty departure so late at 
night, through those inky woods, where, for aught we knew, a 
force of the enemy might be waiting our approach. On our ar- 
rival we learned full particulars of the fight. They were expect- 
ing another attack and we were sent to reinforce them. They 
slept that night on their arms in the trenches, and our regiment, 
with the exception of two companies sent out on picket, bivou- 
acke"d on the parade ground. We learned that upon our retire- 
ment a few weeks previous, the rebels returned to their old posi- 
tion at Dover Cross Roads, and Colonel Jones with his regiment 
and two others started out at night to attack them. At four 
o'clock the next morning he surprised and defeated the rebels at 
their outpost, taking nearly all of them prisoners, besides a piece 
of artillery and several baggage wagons. As the Fifty-Eighth 
were returning to their camp, the rebels, heavily reinforced from 
Kinston, pressed closely upon them, and began shelling their 
camp with a piece of artillery. This movement annoyed the 
gallant colonel and he turned and fought the enemy in the swamp, 
saying as he did so, "Boys, we must have that gun." While at- 
tempting to take it, he was shot by a rebel sharpshooter. A fight 
ensued over his body resulting in the repulse of the enemy, and 
the Fifty-Eighth retired within their entrenchments, but their joy 
over their victory was overshadowed by the loss of their beloved 
commander. Colonel Jones was a brave and talented officer, a 
kind-hearted man and a sincere Christian. His name was a terror 
to the rebels around New Berne for he routed them out of their 
haunts and by his daring and scouting, kept them in continual 
dread. 

On the arrival of the train from New Berne our regiment 



CAMP MASSACHUSETTS 253 

formed in column with " reversed arms " and followed by the 
Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania, escorted the remains of Colonel Jones 
to the cars. Before embarking on the train Chaplain Stone 
offered a fervent prayer. On the 26th of May our regiment es- 
corted the remains from the Masonic Temple to the steamer 
which conveyed them to his family and his home in Philadelphia. 

The weather continued to grow warmer and once in a while 
a detail from our regiment was made for "fatigue duty," which 
was nothing more or less, than handling a pick or a shovel, or 
trundling a wheelbarrow in the trenches under a hot, broiling sun. 
One day we were sent to work on a fortification near our old 
Camp Amory on the Trent. 

In shape it was half a hexagon, its open side being the river 
bank, the sides being sixty feet long. It was only intended as a 
defence against land forces. The ditch was nine feet deep and 
twenty feet wide. The blackberries had now passed from the 
red era, and near the camp there were acres of the luscious fruit. 
While they lasted we had a genuine feast, and they were both 
appetizing and beneficial. 

One afternoon in the latter part of May, Major-General 
Foster and his staff rode over to our camp. The regiment was 
drawn up in line, and after we had given him the salute due to 
his rank as commander of the department, he made a short 
speech to us. He said, " he wished to state a project which he 
had in mind and which had the sanction of the war department. 
He wished to recruit a heavy artillery regiment out of the several 
nine-months' regiments in the department. The regiment would 
consist of twelve companies of one hundred and fifty men each. 
The inducements were $150 bounty and thirty days' furlough." 
Said he, " the rebels hereabouts have made their threats that 
when the nine months' men have gone, they will make us ////m. 
You come back and we will make them hum.'" He paid a high 
compUment to Colonel Codman of whom he said, " a better man 
never rode at the head of a regiment." At the conclusion of his 
speech, we gave the general three rousing cheers which caused 
his horse to rear and plunge. 

About this time the camp of the First North Carolina 



254 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

(Colored) Regiment was located near us and in a short time its 
ranks were full. A number of our boys visited their camp fre- 
quently, and drilled the raw recruits in the manual of arms and 
sometimes we taught them out of the primer. 

Fort Totten was probably one of the strongest defences of 
New Berne and was located near our camp, and was planned 
by General Foster. It was a pentagon in shape, having four 
bastions and mounting twenty-six guns. These guns had a wide 
sweep commanding the approach to New Berne by the Trent 
road and also by the rivers Trent and Neuse. Crossing the 
drawbridge and entering the fort, the first object inspected was 
the tower, or lookout, under which was the principal magazine. 
There was a large stockade in the fort, made of logs, braced and 
riveted together, the spaces between being filled with sand, the 
whole extending across the fort. This stockade was twenty-five 
feet high and twenty feet thick. On top were rifle pits. The 
object of the stockade was to destroy the range of the enemy's 
guns. A shot that would pass over it, would pass clear over the 
fort. The fort was a very scientific affair, and if properly garri- 
soned it seemed impregnable to any force the enemy in that 
department could bring against it. 

At the time of our visit a portion of the Eighth Massachu- 
setts was doing garrison duty there. As in Camp Amory on the 
Trent, we again settled down to the daily routine of drill. In 
the morning a brisk company drill, and late in the afternoon 
battalion drill, and thus we had more leisure, and in those exces- 
sively hot days, it was gratefully appreciated. 

By ten o'clock we were taking our daily swim in the Neuse, 
and usually a large crowd were sporting in the water at the same 
time. Our road to the river lay directly past the regimental 
hospital, most beautifully situated in a grove of magnificent mul- 
berry trees, as large as English elms, and so thick-leaved as to 
make a most perfect shade. The hospital tent was pitched under 
one of them, the farm house of the plantation being also occupied 
as a hospital ; and near by was the quartermaster's building, 
while within a stone's throw stood Fort Spinola. The fort was 
built directly on the river-bank, and commanded, with its black- 



CAMP 3rASSACHrSETTS 255 

mounted cannon, both the river and the surrounding country for 
more than a mile in every direction. On our arrival at Camp 
Massachusetts the fort was garrisoned by Company G of our 
regiment, who, having had practical heavy artillery drill at Fort 
Macon, were summoned to the defence of the city in the early 
part of April, when an attack was apprehended. Soon after our 
advent Company I returned from Fort Macon, and took the 
place of Company G at Fort Spinola, so that, after an interval of 
nearly six months, the whole regiment was once more united 
under one command. Near by the fort there was a long wharf, 
running into deep water, for the slope of the river-bed is very 
gradual, and this wharf was, so to speak, the headquarters of the 
bathers. Here were unlimited opportunities for swimming, div- 
ing, etc., while those who preferred shallow water had the whole 
river-bank to wade from. One of the men actually swam across 
the river one day, without making known his purpose. He not 
only reached the opposite side, but had started on his way back, 
when he was picked up by a boat which was sent after him. As 
the river is fully two miles wide at this point, it was to say, the 
least, quite a swim. 

On June '23d, 1863, the following order was read on "dress 
parade." 

Headquarters, Department of North Carolina, 

New Berne, June 23, 1863. 
Special Order No. 178. 

The commanding general bids farewell to the officers and soldiers of 
the Forty-Fifth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, with the 
most sincere regret at losing a regiment which has proved itself so good 
and deserving in every position it has been called to occupy. In the 
various marches and fights they have exhibited that order, discipline, 
and courage, which he hoped and expected to find in an organization so 
worthily descended from the ancient and honorable corps of Boston 
cadets. For those who have fallen in the fight or by disease, the general 
offers his sincere and heartfelt sympathy to their comrades-in-arms, and 
to the beloved friends at home. To those who have survived the 
dangers, though sharing them, the general bids, "God speed!" 

By command of Major-General Foster. 

John F. Anderson. 
Major and Senior Aide-de-camp. 



256 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Early the next morning we broke camp. As we rolled away 
on open platform cars through New Berne and towards Beaufort, 
the cheers of the boys and the joyful strains of our band 
mingled together. At the same wharf in Beaufort where we 
landed nearly eight months before, we found the transports ready 
for our embarkation. 27ie?i, we were full of life and vigor, 
but the extreme heat during our few weeks' sojourn in Camp 
Massachusetts had told severely upon the health of the regiment. 
Many poor fellows fell victims to the terrible fever and passed on 
to their eternal home. Others had not succumbed, but the fever 
was in their systems, and they were weakened and emaciated. 

There were two hundred and fifty sick men on the steamer 
^. R. Spaiildi?ig. At noon we steamed out of Beaufort Harbor, 
and were, at last, " homeward bound." After a delightful sail of 
twenty-four hours, we arrived at Fortress Munroe, and anchored 
under the guns of the fort. 

Colonel Codman went ashore in the captain's gig, and re- 
ported to Major-General John A. Dix, commanding the depart- 
ment, the condition of the regiment. There was a possibility 
that we might be ordered to join the Union forces at White 
House, Va. It will be remembered that it was just at this time 
that General Lee and his army were invading Pennsylvania, and 
a few days before the battle of Gettysburg, where the Confeder- 
ates received such a terrible defeat. We had but three hundred 
and fifty able-bodied men out of a total of eight hundred. 

After some delay orders came from the war department to 
proceed directly to Boston. " Most of us were too miserable to 
display our joy in noisy mirth, but the spirits of the men 
brightened visibly as the way grew shorter. Two of our number 
passed away to their eternal home on that short passage and others 
survived the voyage, only to die in the arms of their loved ones 
at home." W' hile anchored off Fortress Munroe we could see the 
" Rip Raps " where formidable works were being constructed. We 
also saw Sewall's Point around which steamed the rebel iron- 
clad Merrimac on her mission of destruction— and the famous 
fight between the Monitor and Merfimac took place quite near 
our anchorage ground. At daybreak, Monday morning, June 



CAMP MASSACHUSETTS 257 

29th, 1863, our steamer the S. R. Spau/diiig^?isstd Minot's Ledge 
Lighthouse and steamed up Boston Harbor. We were boarded 
on "our way up, by a party of friends, who had been cruising around 
the harbor all the previous day anticipating our arrival. We 
landed our sick at T Wharf and hauled into the stream again to 
await the arrival of the Tillie, which was a slower boat. 

She arrived late that afternoon so it was deemed advisable 
to postpone the reception of the regiment until the next day, and 
we passed an uncomfortable night in a crowded steamer, in sight 
of many of our homes. Tuesday dawned as bright and pleasant 
as heart could desire — and at about nine o'clock the regiment 
disembarked at Battery Wharf. 




€]^e figl)t at iBoter €vo^^ EoaDjs. 

BY PRIVATE SILAS W. LANG OF COMPANY A. 

PRIL 28th, 1863, the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Regi- 
ment embarked on open platform cars at half past 
twelve o'clock, in the city of New Berne, having left 
Camp Massachusetts at an early hour. As was cus- 
tomary on such excursions, we were not informed regarding our 
destination. We rolled slowly along for twelve miles, passing 
through many camps and intrenchments, surrounding New Berne, 
running in a straight line through the pine forests, broken here 
and there by a clearing or a picket post. We were then at Bat- 
chelder's Creek, the outpost of the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania 
Regiment, Colonel Jones. We stopped here long enough to eat 
our lunch. This camp we found to be a strong one, surrounded 
by earthworks. 

A blockhouse commanded the railroad and bridge across the 
creek, where a row of sharpened stakes pointing outward did not 
present an inviting appearance to an approaching enemy. On a 
side track stood Bui nside' s Monitor, which was quite a curiosity 
to us. It was a house built of strong and massive timbers, 
mounted on an open platform car, and mailed with iron plates 
half an inch thick. It had a peaked roof with a skylight en- 
trance, reached by a ladder on the outside, which could be re- 
moved in case of need. There were two port holes on each side, 
and one at each end, and the armament consisted of two six- 
pounders. It was also pierced for rifles. Altogether it was quite 
a formidable affair on wheels, and capable of keeping quite a force 
at bay for some time. We were finally dumped at a place called 
Core Creek where we were informed we would bivouac for the 
night. 

The Monitor came along with us, and remained with us dur- 
ing our stay in that camp. As on the Kinston march we set to 
work to make ourselves comfortable for the night", stripping the 

258 




SILAS VV. l.ANG, COMPANY A 




C <V.t\VO oJt Coft Ctc«1C. 




I^'^^ \«.aV 



^- 



THE FIGHT AT DOVER CROSS ROADS 259 

fences of rails for fires, making beds of the small branches of 
pine trees and constructing little shelter tents of rubber blankets 
as we did on the "Mud March," to Pollocksville. It was well that 
we did so, as a heavy thunder shower came up in the night, and 
our boys on picket were thoroughly drenched, and many of us 
on that bivouac were flooded out. 

Although forty years have elapsed, we have a vivid recollec- 
tion of that night. 

Early the next morning Colonel Codman sent two compan- 
ies, C, Captain Minot, and H, Captain Tappan, under command 
of Major Sturgis, up the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad, 
to ascertain the strength of the Confederate forces, with orders 
not to drive in the pickets, or to engage in any action. 

These companies left the camp at Core Creek, before seven 
o'clock, and proceeded towards their destination. At the same 
time Company D, Captain Bumstead, was ordered to take the 
Cross Road leading to the Dover Road, and to communicate with 
Brigadier-General Palmer, whose column was then on the Dover 
Road. 

About noon, the remainder of the Forty-Fifth Regiment and 
the Seventeenth Massachusetts Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Fellows, all under command of Colonel Charles R. Codman, pro- 
ceeded up the railroad to overtake Major Sturgis and to push on 
to the Cross Roads nearest to the position of the Dover Road, 
with the railroad, the object being to intercept any of the enemy 
which General Palmer's column might drive down this road. 

Upon reachihg the Cross Road, we found Major Sturgis, 
who reported the enemy in force in the neighborhood of the, 
junction. Major Sturgis had proceeded with such caution as to 
give the enemy no intimation of the movements of the main 
column, thus preventing them from being reinforced. 

One company of Major Sturgis' command was left at the 
point at which the regiment overtook him. The other company 
was ordered to follow slowly after the column. An advance was 
then made up the railroad, the Confederate pickets being driven 
in, by flanking companies of the Forty-Fifth Regiment, among 
them Company B, Captain Churchill. 



260 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

On reaching the Cross Roads, Colonel Codman learned that 
the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania, Colonel Jones, was pushing vig- 
orously up the Dover Road, and he decided to proceed to the 
junction. Company F, Captain Daland, was then ordered to re- 
lieve Company B, which up to this time had been doing most ex- 
cellent work, forcing back the enemy's pickets, in our front. 
After Company F had relieved Company B, in the advance, the 
column was pushed rapidly on, up the railroad, one company of 
the Seventeenth Massachusetts being left at the Cross Road. 
As we approached the junction, Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody, who 
was in command of the advance, reported that there was an 
earthwork across the track. 

A halt was then ordered as it was not known whether the 
Confederates had any artillery in the earthworks, or not, and 
Colonel Codman decided to wait until Colonel Jones, with the 
Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania arrived before making an attack. In 
the meantime that regiment was rapidly approaching the junc- 
tion seemingly bent on being iirst at the game. Hardly had the 
Fifty-Eighth arrived within gun-shot of the fortification, when 
the enemy opened a brisk fire upon them, the regiment returning 
the fire, and with great vigor. 

The firing now became general, and for a time it bade fair 
to be quite a serious engagement. Captain Daland's Company 
F, which was in the advance, now began firing for a time, and 
then deployed as skirmishers, on the right and left of the railroad 
track the company plunging into the woods in this movement. 

Company K, Captain Homans, and Company E, Captain 
Wales of the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts, and two companies of 
the Seventeenth Massachusetts were now deployed as skirmishers 
on the left of the railroad maintaining a steady fire as they ad- 
vanced. Company A, Captain Denny, having the colors, had, 
up to this time, been held in reserve and were lying down on the 
track in full view of the earthworks. Finally the order was given 
Company A to " Fix Bayonets," and then to fire by platoons. 

Being supported by the Seventeenth Massachusetts, Com- 
pany A was then ordered to advance, and then to "Charge," 
which they did with a determined rush forward toward the rebel 



THE FIGHT AT DOVER CROSS ROADS 261 

earthworks. The whole line of skirmishers charged at about the 
same time, the rebels gave way, and Company A, dashing upon 
the earthworks, planted the State Flag of Massachusetts there, 
and the day was won.] How many the enemy lost in this engage- 
ment, we never learned. Four of their dead lay inside of their 
works when we captured them. Our loss was H. M. Putney, 
Company F, killed, L. F. Ames, Company K, wounded. Corporal 
Leatherbee, Company K, slightly wounded, and Corporal G. C. 
Richards, Company E, wounded. The killed and wounded being 
members of the companies acting as skirmishers. 

Captain Murdoch of the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts serving 
on General Amory's staff, was hit by a spent ball. The object of 
this demonstration having been accomplished, orders were given 
to return to our camp. We understood afterwards that the ob- 
ject was to compel the enemy to keep his forces at Kinston and 
thus prevent him from sending any troops to assist those who 
were threatening General Dix at Suffolk. 

It was late in the afternoon and we were some distance 
from our camp so we made a very rapid return march. And who 
of us that took part in it, will ever forget that rushing, stumbling 
march back to Cove Creek? Not even the satisfaction of having 
our Colonel with us on that "go-as-you-please " gait, will com- 
pensate for loss of temper, while kicking into the grade sticks 
along the railroad bed. Most of us on that return march would 
agree with the soldier of the army of the Potomac, who was re- 
lieving his mind on a certain occasion when he had been called 
upon to do a little more than was agreeable. He was asked by 
his chaplain, who was trying to console him, " Why, don't you 
love your country?" "Yes," he said, " that is all right, but if I 
get out of this, I don't think I'll ever love another country." 
Well, we got home, at least it seemed like home, some time dur- 
ing the night, all of us soaked to the skin from the drenching 
rain which continued during the entire return march. Thus 
ended the affair at Dover Cross Roads. 




BY CORPORAL CHAS. EUSTIS HUBBARD OF COMPANY A. 
From "The Campaign of the Forty-Fifth." 

T was our good fortune during our stay in New 
Berne to participate in a grand review of the Eigh- 
teenth Army Corps by our commander, General 
'J^''?^^^^ Foster. We had due notice, and were gotten up in 
a state of blackness and brightness, well nigh bordering on per- 
fection. Blackness having reference to the state of our boots 
and equipments, brightness to our guns and brasses. The clean- 
ing and polishing and furbishing one does in the army is beyond 
belief, for by the time you have come to the end of the long list 
of articles which require touching up, the first strap or brass, as 
the case may be, has become dull and you begin again: — but to 
return to the review. 

The day was all that could be desired, bright and beautiful, 
and as the regiment formed in line on the parade-ground, looking 
so neat and nice, with colors flying, and the band outdoing itself 
in the excitement of the day, we felt proud of our State and the 
service which enlisted such men in its ranks. 

The review was on the south side of the Trent, the country 
there affording splendid facilities for military manoeuvres on a 
large scale, as it presented an unbroken stretch of nearly two 
miles in each direction. We were well acquainted with the spot, 
having trodden almost every foot of land thereabouts in our 
numerous brigade drills, and were first on the ground that day, 
as befitted our position in line, the Forty-Fifth ranking as First 
Battalion, First Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Army 
Corps. 

It was a beautiful sight to watch the long line of troops 
which filed over the bridge, their bayonets flashing in the sun- 
light, as regiment after regiment came up and took its place in 

262 



THE GRAND REVIEW 263 

line. The line was formed in brigades, four regiments deep, in 
the order of the brigades, our brigade holding the right, the artil- 
lery and cavalry occupying the extreme left. 

The thunder of the artillery announced the arrival of our 
gallant commander, Major-General Foster, and soon he appeared 
at our front, finely mounted and attended by his full staff. 
Drums are ruffled and arms presented, while the band plays 
" Hail to the Chief," as he dashes along in his inspection of each 
regiment, the music continuing while he is passing through the 
brigade, then the next band takes up the strain. 

After a long rest and a lunch by all who had been prudent 
enough to bring a supply of hard tack in their pockets, our turn 
came for an active part in the proceedings of the day. 

General Foster had taken his station on a slight eminence, 
and sat facing the centre of the line, which brigade deep, ex- 
tended for full a mile. Surrounded by his staff, he was the object 
of attraction of the crowd of spectators, who thronged about him, 
from Mrs. Foster and her brilliant staff of ladies, down to the 
most ragged contraband in all that motley assembly. 

As we wheeled by platoons and' marched in review, the sight 
which greeted us was one long to be remembered for its grandeur 
and beauty. Line upon line of unbroken ranks stretched on as 
far as the eye could reach. Over each regiment waved our beau- 
tiful flag, its colors glowing with unwonted richness in the warm 
winter's sun, the bayonets throwing back flashes of light, and the 
artillery and cavalry relieving the scene from all monotony, 
while the Neuse, sparkling in the sunlight, and its distant bank 
covered with the forest evergreen, formed a perfect background 
for this gorgeous picture. 

Then there was the long row of spectators, some, seated in 
vehicles of all sorts and descriptions, others, mounted on animals 
ranging from the finest charger to the scrubbiest donkey, while 
on foot was a crowd composed of every age, sex, and color. In 
their midst sat our commander, patiently awaiting our approach. 

As we drew near, the band filed off to the left, and took its 
position directly opposite the general, where it continued playing 
till our brigade had all passed, when it was relieved by the next 



264 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

band, and once more took its place in line. As each platoon 
passed, the general saluted, while he honored the colors by re- 
moving his hat, the band also giving the customary salute. Bat- 
talion after battalion, battery after battery, troop after troop, 
they came, till the first battalion, making the complete circuit, 
came upon the rear of the last troop, thus forming an unbroken 
circle. As each regiment reached the place of starting, it halted 
until the long, glittering array was once more in position, then 
again the artillery thundered forth the salute, and the grand re- 
view was over. 




LIEUT. GERSHOM C. WINSOR, ADJUTANT OF 45TH MASSACHUSETTS 




^^ 3 ^a^ 3!t. 

BY GERSHOM C. WINSOR, ADJUTANT OF THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, 

M. V. M. 

N November 5th, 1862, we left Readville for Boston 
and by night were at anchor down the harbor on the 
steamer Mississippi, Captain Baxter. The night was 
rough. The result was that the ship threw the 
sweepings from the last voyage from under the lower bunks, and 
made the confined air offensive, and endangered the health of our 
one thousand men, and five hundred of the Forty-Sixth Massa- 
chusetts, that Captain McKim, United States Quartermaster had 
judged were needed, as " dunnage " for the Forty-Fifth. The 
steamer Merrimac, Captain Sampson, was at anchor near us, with 
one thousand men of the Forty-Third Massachusetts and five 
hundred of the Forty-Sixth Massachusetts oy board. Colonel 
Codman concluded that sick soldiers were useless at the front, 
and decided to protest, so the next morning he went to the 
State House, and the result was the steamer Saxon was added 
to our fleet for the Forty-Sixth Regiment. 

Our convoy, the 'gunboat Huron, having reported, the four 
steamers Mississippi, Mertimac, Saxon and Huron, put to sea on 
the evening of November 10th. The Convoy would log about 
eight knots while the transports were good for twelve. After 
dark Captain Baxter of our steamer, seemed to think there was 
too much demand for his steamer for him to be logging at eight 
knots, so ordered twelve. When day broke we were heading for 
the Nantucket Light Ship, with not a steamer in sight. 

We had a good run down by Hatteras, and as we headed in 
for Beaufort Harbor, we sighted another steamer headed for the 
land. It was the Merrimac, a little in the lead, for she got the 
pilot from the dugout and so we followed her in. 

When well up the harbor her nose took the mud and we 
passed, so we were first at the railroad dock. This was not for- 

265 



266 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

tunatefor we had to load on the flat cars and ride thirty miles in 
the rain to New Berne, where we passed the night, supperless, in 
freight-houses. The next morning we marched through the city 
over the railroad bridge, and a mile along the Trent to the county 
bridge near Fort Gaston. Here were barracks for the men and 
tents for the officers. Next we were brigaded with the Seven 
teenth, Twenty-Third, Forty-Third and Fifty-First Massachusetts 
Regiments, under Colonel Armory of the Seventeenth Massachu- 
setts. Then came that which is so harmful to organizations, de- 
tails, men for this, men for that. Two full companies were 
ordered on special duty ; Company C, Captain Minot, to More- 
head City, and Company G, Captain Murdoch to Fort Macon. 
This company went under command of Lieutenant Thayer, as 
Captain Murdoch was detailed on Acting-General Amory's staff. 
There should be a way provided to prevent this honey-combing 
a regiment. It is bad for the regiment, it is bad for the com- 
pany, and bad for the detailed officers and men. 

Now we put in a month's hard work in company, regimental 
and brigade drills,.with day and night picket duty in the wooded 
country over the Trent. 

The duties of an adjutant are such that to carry a canteen is 
only to have something that is always in his way, so as Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Peabody had agreed with me that slab-chocolate 
was to be our emergency ration and had received a box from 
Menier, and as he admitted my annoyance of canteen, it was 
further agreed that if I would always carry an extra supply of choc- 
olate in my saddlebags and pockets, he would always have water 
for me. Chocolate is one of the few foods that can be carried on 
a saddle-horse without becoming tainted by the heated leather. 

Forty-four years later when writing this manuscript the fol- 
lowing was clipped from the Bosfofi Globt. "Every German 
soldier's equipment includes a Bible and a half-pound cake of 
chocolate." 

About the 8th of December, the men were stripped of all 
extra baggage, including knapsacks which were put on board a 
schooner. On the 11th, the Eighteenth Army Corps broke camp, 
and headed for Goldsboro bridge, one hundred miles to the 



AS I SAW IT 267 

westward. The Army of the Potomac under Burnside, was about 
to fight the Army under Lee at Fredericksburg, in Virginia, and 
If successful there would be extensive campaigning for us, includ- 
ing Wilmington on the south, or moving north towards' Suffolk 
and Norfolk. 

Headquarters Department of Nurtu Carolina, 

Neav Berne, N.C., December 10th, 1862. 
Major-Geiieral H. W. Halleck, 

Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Army Corps, Washington, D. C. 
General : 

I have the honor to report that I am about to take the field asain 
aaamst the enemy in the direction of Goldsboro. The information that 
I have received is to the etfect that the enemy's government is turning 
Its attention to the importance of guarding the l.nes of communication 
to the South, and if possible, of recovering some portion of the Eastern 
portion of this State, the rich products of which would, at this time be 
very valuable, as supplies for their Commissariat. Two brigades have 
already arrived to reinforce the troops already in the State for this pur 

Tn J *^r^ ^^ ^'"""'^ ^''^^° ^ "^^y disappoint their expectation and 
Shall therefore move on Kiuston tomorrow morning at daybreak. I hope 
to defeat two brigades that are known to be there before assistance can 
arnve from Wilmington, or Weldon, or Tarborough. Succeeding in this 
I shall push on to Goldsborough, destroy its railroad bridge, and an- 
other bridge across a swamp, ten miles south of Goldsboro, and then re- 
turn to New Berne to prepare for an immediate attack on Wilraincrton 
Isincerely trust that the reinforcements asked for in my letter of the"l8th 
November, together with the officers of experience, required to command 
brigades may be sent me as soon as the exigencies of the service will per- 
mit. My present force of infantry, consisting of nine thousand men, 
capable of marching and fighting, six thousand of whom are nine months 
men is too weak to give a good support to my forty pieces of artillery 
and to afiord a fair chance of success against the older troops of the 
enemy in front of us. I have therefore found it necessary to borrow 
from General Dix, the services for a time of General Wessell's Brigade 
consisting of six regiments (2,200 men.) These regiments were kindly 
promised me, at the time I telegraghed to you from Old Point Comfort 
and met me according to appointment on the night of the 6th instant, on 
the Chowan river, where I received them on board my transports and 
brought them to this place, arrivingyesterday. General Peck has agreed 
to make a simultaneous attack on the Blackwator from Suffolk, in which 



268 THE FORTY-FIFTH liEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

our gunboats are to cooperate. Even if I do not succeed in my expecta- 
tions, I hope my movement may be useful as a demonstration in favor 
of the Army of the Potomac. 

I have the honor to be very respectfully 

Your obedient servant, 

J. G. Foster, 
Major-General Commanding . 



Our cavalry and the Ninth New Jersey in front kept the 
Confederates moving for three days. Saturday morning the 
enemy opened fire with cannon at South West Creek. There was 
a halt. The Ninth New Jersey crossed above, where there had 
been a bridge. The Ninety-Second New York got across and 
through the woods, and flanked the support of the Confederate 
artillery first, and as the enemy broke to the rear under their fire, 
they followed them up the road, leaving the artillery behind. 
When the Ninth New Jersey came out of the woods on the other 
side of the road, they claimed the capture of the guns. This 
over, the army bivouaced, as it then was. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody was on as general officer of the 
day. Sometime during the night, he punched me up and wanted 
a slab of chocolate, he said his orderly was making him some 
coffee, that he had had hard riding in the dark to find the pickets 
on the by-roads, of which there seemed an endless number, that 
two roads were blocked with felled trees, on which our pioneers 
were at work, and he would be fortunate if he could report to 
the General " All clear," by daylight. 

Sunday morning the army moved forward, ours being the 
second brigade from the front. Soon there was earnest and 
stubborn firing with the advance, and our advance along the 
roadway was very slow, for it was governed by the room made, 
as regiment after regiment of Wessell's Brigade ahead of us was 
put in on the firing line. 

By 9 30, we w-ere up where in a clearing on our right were 
twelve guns of the Third New York Artillery, under Major Ken- 
nedy shelling the woods not twenty-five yards in their front. In 
the roadway ahead of us, was one gun of Morrison's Battery on a 



AS I SAW IT 269 

small bridge from which to the right a swamp widened out to 
about fifty yards in width, and evidently General Evans' engi- 
neers deemed it impassable under fire. 

The Ninth New Jersey was lying in front of this gun and 
the Ninety-Second New York was crowded in on their right. On 
the right of the road in the woods up against this swamp was the 
One hundred and Third Pennsylvania. To the left of this gun 
was the Eighty-Fifth New York, One Hundred and First Penn- 
sylvania and Ninety-Sixth New York, supported by the Twenty- 
Third Massachusetts and Seventeenth Massachusetts of our 
brigade, which double line had driven the enemy from the woods, 
so they swung forward and angled on the Ninth New Jersey. 
But when the left wing sighted the open field between it and the 
river, they found they were up against the enemy's main line 
strong in artillery. As General Wessell could get no guns to the 
front, he was stalled. 

At this juncture about ten o'clock Lieutenant-Colonel Hoff- 
man, adjutant-general to General Foster, came riding down the 
road. He ordered Colonel Codman to file his regiment to the 
right, along the edge of the woods, and when having lapped the 
front of Major Kennedy's guns to move to the left by regimental 
front, and if he came to a swamp to pass through it and press 
the enemy beyond. The colonel, lieutenant-colonel and adjutant 
dismounted. The regiment was filed to the right, halted, while 
the men stacked their blanket-rolls, then moved on. 

It was distinctly understood that Major Kennedy's guns 
were to cease firing. The general, and it is fair to infer. Major 
Kennedy knew there was no enemy in the woods this side of the 
swamp, and his elevation to carry shells over the swamp would 
be firing over our heads. The firing from both sides was now 
heavy, and the smoke had settled in the woods and swamp. 

The colonel had indicated when to make the change of front 
and I was standing on a stump to mark the movement, when at 
my left down fell two of our men, killed by a shot from one of 
Kennedy's guns. Our advance was now down a sloping wood 
with oak bushes, among which the leaden bees were humming at 
a lively rate. The swamp was in sight and the men began to 



270 THE FOUTY-FIFTir REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

spread out, for if they were to enter that, they wanted plenty of 

elbow room. It looked as if the bushes there grew up from a 

pond of printer's ink. The buzz of the bees increased. The 

colonel was still near the right. He halted Company B on the 

right and ordered it, " Ready, aim low, fire !" Then, we struck 

into the swamp. There were bushes, and old roots covered with 

black ooze and water, with the moss of ages hanging from 

the trees. The drummer boys from behind the colors had from 

here, been sent back to where we left our blankets, and by them 

word was sent to Chaplain Stone to follow in with his bandmen 

and stretchers. We could see a Pennsylvania Regiment to our 

left up against the swamp. The order was passed along to the 

men to pass the swamp and lie down. " No firing." From 

this moment every man was for himself. The first step into 

the swamp filled their shoes with black ooze. If it had not been 

for the bushes to use as hand lines, they would have slipped and 

floundered, until they lost their muskets, for the bottom was a 

network of gnarled roots, covered with a thick black ooze, about 

two and one-half feet deep, -even my top boots did not keep it 

out. After this fight was over and the regiment had gone into 

bivouac near Kinston, the sergeant-major had occasion to pass 

some of our prisoners. One hailed him with, "Where were you 

in the fight?" Sergeant major said, "With the regiment that 

came through the swamp." Johnny Reb replied, "We knew 

you were a new regiment sure enough, by the way you came on. 

When you fired from over the swamp you hit twenty-three men 

in my regiment." When the men came out of the swamp, and 

dropped on the leaves under the scrub oaks, they were a sight. 

Some had fallen and were black with mud from head to foot. 

The enemy had heaped the oak leaves for a cover and were firing 

down the slope. Our left replied first, as the right was not yet 

out, having found more depth of mud to contend with. Our 

men seemed to formulate the idea, that after returning their fire, 

they must make an individual rush ahead, and for three hours, 

it was spread out, fire, then rush. Our left was ahead of our 

right at first, but as it met the pressure the right got on the line. 



AS I SAW IT 271 

You could, or I could, judge this by the sound of the firing. 
But from any one point, it would be hard to count more than 
twenty men in sight. 

Still so long as the movement was "forward," it seemed to 
need no orders from the colonel. Of course, the problem was 
up, how are we ever to get these men together after letting them 
drift apart in these dense woods, under fire and pinned to the 
ground. For old plainsmen of the regular army who had had 
this situation a dozen times, there was no risk, for they knew, 
privates and officers, how they would be relieved when the ammu- 
nition was gone. We had gained the rise now and lost our advant- 
age of having the enemy fire down hill. On this level ground 
the fire was more effective on both sides, but the firing went on 
just the same from behind trees, logs, bushes and leaves bunched 
on the ground. ■ 

After a time the rifle-fire in our immediate front, let up. We 
had forced them out of the woods, and as we peered out we could 
see Harriet's Chapel, then the roadway, and beyond a clear field, 
with the Confederate artillerymen hard at work. In, out and 
under, the chapel was alive with their infantrymen. Now that 
the rebel line was out of the woods, the enemy opened on us 
with grape and cannister, as well as shells from large guns in the 
earthworks over the Neuse River. We had become masters of 
getting cover from direct fire, logs and stumps preferred, to wrigg- 
ling a trench in the earth with your body, but we could find no 
cover from the grape which came in showers from above. It 
seemed as if there was an aerial thresher at work above us, and 
to con it required the use of a number of enormous whip lashes 
for the sounds made, resembled those of a whip lash increased 
one thousand times, and as it passed along the fall of limbs, twigs, 
leaves and bark, was a shower, to say nothing of its leaden grain' 
The regiment was terribly spread out with no unit. It should 
be closed up on the colors if it was to be led forward out of the 
woods. To do this under so close a fire, was to lose half our men. 
For the time until there was a lull, their only safety from being 
decimated and holding the ground we had gained was to cling to 
the bosom of mother earth. At this juncture Major Stackpole of 



272 THE FOUTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

General Foster's staff came to Colonel Codman and I think their 
decision was as I have just described. While they were con 
suiting I moved toward the left, with the idea of seeing just what 
the condition was, and to show this I will give you my experience. 
To get the cover afforded by the slope, I crept along twenty 
yards in rear of where I started. When in the rear of Company 
F there came a downpour from over the river that sent me to the 
ground. 

Some of F men were up and sure that the Johnnies were in 
the rear, but Captain Daland was able to get them down and ex- 
plained how it was that grape came from the rear. Soon I 
started to crawl again. Looking to the front I saw one of our 
men hurrying to the rear. His cap was gone. He had his musket. 
I rose erect and asked, "Why he had started for the rear?" 
When he stopped, he had passed me, but turned and said he had 
shot away his ramrod and his cap had dropped the other side 
of the log. 

I said, " You must exchange your musket for any of the 
killed and wounded here and crawl back to your company." He 
did not move but stared at me with an expression of disappoint- 
ment, as I thought owing to his going to the rear having been 
checked Then I noticed a change of color at the roots of his 
hair which passed down his forehead with a line of demarkation 
which slowly passed his eyes, mouth, chin, and as it disappeared 
at his neck, he fell to the ground. As I bent over him I soon saw 
the blood settle on his cheek. While we had stood talking a 
bullet had entered his cheek and passed out at the base of his 
skull. As I went on from tree to bush, I heard someone calling 
and looking down the slope, saw a right wing of a regiment with 
an officer swinging for me to come to him. I ran to Colonel Lee 
of the Forty-Fourth Massachusetts. He wanted to know where 
the enemy was. I said, " If you want to put your men under 
fire, wheel to the left on your colors, and at the top of the rise, 
they will be under fire." 

" No," he said, " my orders carry me across the rear." On 
my way to the front I met F. C. Evans of Company D, shot 
through the hand. He had but stopped to ask where Dr. Tread- 



AS I SA W IT 273 

well was located when another bullet went through the calf of one 
of his legs. " Get out of the woods as quick as you can by going 
in the rear of that regiment over there, where you will strike the 
roadway and //len ask for the doctor." As soon as I turned 
away, out flew my sabre scabbard to the full length of its leathers. 
On getting to the front I came up on Company I and had a few 
words with Captain Rich, who was on the ground and made good 
cover for me. Just beyond I passed Lieutenant Thompson read- 
ing from a Testament. I upbraided him, and reminded him that 
his company had only two officers ; that the colonel expected 
every officer to have his mind on his men for soon there will be 
a change of position, and officers should be on the lookout, not 
dreaming. 

A short distance on my left I saw smoke arising. Thinking 
a fire had just started among the leaves, I made a rush, and 
there was Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody coolly smoking a cigar. 
His position was such that he could see well to the left under 
the forest growth. 

" What orders have you, adjutant ?" 

" None, sir, I am going to the left and then back to the 
colonel. N[ajor Stackpole was in from General Foster and I 
think we were to hold what we have got until he could report 
our situation. I will be back to the colonel as soon as the major 
is. What is your estimate of the number of rounds our men have 
now .'" 

" I think some ten, and some fifteen." 

From there I got to Company K on our left and crawled in 
beside Sergeant Walker. All were cheerful here, although the 
firing was heavy. Captain Romans carried that smile on his 
face, that no duty, by day or night, could smooth out His 
company was more exposed, but the fire was over them to keep 
back our troops at his left and rear. Presently up came the 
Tenth Connecticut and laid down, extending our left, but over- 
lapping our Company K. They had but three hundred and 
twenty-five men. Lieutenant-Colonel Lippett commanding, says 
in his report, that he " passed over a third and second line, and 
when he got on the first line, their firing was rapid, but they 



274 THE FORTY-FIFTH JtEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

were in some disorder of formation and remained with them 
about twenty minutes." This regiment was closed on its colors 
and had special orders from General Foster, and Colonel Lippett, 
now that he had got his bearings, started in to execute them. 
He gave the order, " Tenth Connecticut, ready, forward on the 
colors, forward !" As they rose up and started forward they lost 
ninety men and two officers — nearly a third of their number. 
But that did not stop them. The order was still " Forward ! 
Forward !" and they rushed out by the end of the chapel and 
down the roadway, our left going with them to bring up against 
the side of the building. 

At this moment Captain Gouraud of General Foster's Staff 
dashed up and said the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts was to reform 
behind the chapel and then move down to the bridge. The 
charge of the Tenth Connecticut broke the angle of the enemy 
by the chapel and the fight was over, at least for the Forty-Fifth 
for we were ordered to haul out to one side and let others pass 
over the Neuse River Bridge. It was now three o'clock. We 
had a count in each company and found that the regiment was 
one hundred and twelve short. Our horses were brought up. 
Colonel Codman now left the regiment in command of Lieutenant- 
Colonel Peabody and went to visit our field hospital. He ordered 
me to go to the ground we had fought over to see if the wounded 
had been taken away and then join him. As I dismounted at 
the end of the chapel I observed that the bark of the tall pine 
trees, at the edge of the woods, where we came out from the 
fight, was hanging in shreds from near the ground to thirty feet 
up. My mare, always before, would remain where I left her, but 
now she persisted in following me with her nose down. I had to 
halter her. 

Passing in among the oak saplings and tall trees, I stopped. 
Not a sound could be heard, the birds had not returned for the 
smoke was still floating among the tree tops. Our own and the 
dead of the Tenth Connecticut were all about me, and my desire 
was to note the position of each of the dead, but my mission 
drove me on. Still there was one of ours I could not resist. He 




z 
o 



lo 






•^ f' 







AS I SAW IT 275 

was standing behind a tree, staring at me with wide open eyes. 
His brace was by a shoulder and foot hold, the muzzle of his 
musket having dropped to the ground in front. 

Thus I left him as a sentinel over his ninety dead comrades, 
who had given all that mortal man can give for the unity of his 
country, and that all her citizens may live in Liberty and Free- 
dom. All our wounded had been removed by Chaplain Stone 
and the members of the band, many times they had to come and 
go, under fire, so as to keep the number of wounded on the ground 
as few as possible. 

The number they had to look after was more than fifty. 
Again on the move I cantered up the road, passing the surgeons 
still at work on the severely wounded. Just beyond where the 
regiment first filed to the right from this road, was our hospital. 
As I turned into the yard, a howl went up from our wounded, 
lying on the ground next the fence. Those who could, gathered 
around me, hung onto my legs, and the mare's bridle, mane and 
tail, overjoyed that it was not their Adjutant killed, as they had 
been told by a wounded officer of another regiment. They were 
interested enough to ask if I was hit, " Yes, it was my sabre that 
saved me." " Look at the dent in the scabbard," said the one, 
who had hold of my left leg. "Yes, when it hit, it flew out the 
full length of the leathers and gave me quite a pull to." It was 
very touching to me to see the men persist in their surprise of 
my being alive when they had troubles of their own. I cut it all 
short by dismounting, and enter'-ig the house. Here were the 
seriously wounded, with Dr. Tr dwell, with arms bared to the 
shoulders, and, for the moment, nis knife between his teeth, at 
work, as all heroes work, with all his might. Lieutenant Em- 
mons, having had his scalp wound dressed, begged me to take 
him away from the place, with the doctor's consent, I put him on 
the mare and walked to town. We found our regiment in bivouac, 
along the railroad in Kinston town. It was now dark and Col- 
onel Codman had not returned. 

The officers wanted a bath and supper, so we crossed "the 
way to the house of the jailor-; a well in his yard furnished the 
water for a bucket bath, and Mr. Jailor was informed that if he 



276 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

would set out what he had to eat we would pay him in green- 
backs. He was not inclined to be accused of furnishing comfort 
to the enemy after we were gone, so we set Deede, our head- 
quarters mess-steward, to work ransacking his larder. 

While this was going on, I was being douced by Lieutenant 
Thaxter from the bucket. On removing my top boots for the 
bath, I found my feet inflamed and my stockings worn in two at 
the ankle from the ooze that had dried, since the overflow in the 
swamp. 

The jailor kept watch of all that went on inside the house, 
and when we had finished our supper, accepted "greenbacks " 
without a " thank you " in return. 

An order came now for three companies to report to the 
Provost Marshal for duty in the town. Fires had been started in 
the Cotton Warehouses. Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody protested 
this order, but Major Frankle (the Provost) insisted by saying 
that half his guard was drunk, and he knew he could rely on the 
men of the Forty-Fifth. 

As I went down that line of sleeping men, wrapped in their 
blankets, with the slight grading of the railroad for pillows, I felt 
ashamed to be recognized by them as being a part of any such 
poor administration, for there were regiments not under fire dur- 
ing the day, that should have been given this extra duty. 

They marched away in the darkness, were on duty all night 
and the next day until 3 o'clock in the afternoon. They then 
recrossed the Neuse bridge with the cavalry, atfer burning the 
bridge, to overtake the column that left at daylight with our regi- 
ment in the advance. Such a march is not a question of " will 
you?" but " can you?" 

The officers were as near exhaustion as the men. You might 
paste the order against foraging on each man's back, and still 
you would find them going through every house, even the 
quarters of the negroes, and if they left anything to eat, or did 
not change the water in their canteens for applejack, they would 
not be human. Soon night was coming on. To do the stunt 
the men must have rest, and there was safety in keeping to- 
gether, so Captain Bumstead ordered a halt for sleep, and for 
those that had dropped out to rejoin. 



AS I SAW IT 277 

When they started on they had the bivouac fire glare on the 
sky as their beacon, but the tramp in the dark woods, seemed 
an endless chain of hope. Every man mute and for himself, 
tracked along and began to show up about 11 o'clock along our 
fires, and by " Reveille " our space in the brigade bivouac had filled 
up. As our brigade was now in the advance we made an early 
start, and by 9.30 the men forgot all about their tender feet and 
lame legs, for we were again under fire 

The regiment came on the ground along the end of a field, 
until we came to the riverbank. Jenney's six guns were in full 
play from a bit of a rise in the field. The leaden bees were 
humming again. Our road turned sharp to the left, along the 
riverbank. So we had to come, "On right, by files into line," 
and as each company got on the line, began " firing by file." No 
sooner was the regiment on the line, than we got the order to 
"lie down and fire." This allowed Jenney, in our rear, to open 
again. Directly behind us was a Virginia rail fence. Jenney's 
gunners were depressing so much as to make the top rails fly now 
and then, but they saw it as plainly as we felt the splinters. 

Now came the order, "Cease firing and fall back over the 
fence." Massachusetts' boys knew nothing of what could be 
done with a Virginia fence when it is in their way and the splin- 
ters flying. 

They tackled it at the bottom and tried to pull it apart ; 
then the cry was " Tip it over." A thousand men could not 
raise it an inch. How the bees did hum! Then began an indi- 
vidual scramble to climb over, not so easy as you think, with 
loaded muskets and forty rounds in cartridge box and twenty 
rounds in pockets, with cap-box to catch the fence and haversack, 
and canteen and blanket roll. Go, they must, for Belger's Rhode 
Island Battery was coming down the roadway on the dead jump, 
and there was not room for the two commands. 

The men had tackled here and there on the fence, so when 
they stopped running on the other side, the company formations 
were pretty well broken up. But the right spirit was there 
among the officers and men. No orders could be understood on 
account of the screaming shells. All looked back for their chief. 



278 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

There he stood perfectly calm with the colors, as if he was sure 
the men would rally on them and not break for the rear to be 
behind Jenney's guns. 

The troops of two brigades with General Foster and his 
staff were looking on, so the moment must have been a trying 
one for the Colonel. The singing of the sharp-shooter's bullets, 
and the screaming of shells, was order enough for our men to 
take to the ground, and sure enough they crawled forward to 
their company officers and the new line with nothing to do but 
hug the earth, while the batteries played over us from both front 
and rear. Now Jenney burst a gun and then Angel's Battery 
opened alongside Jenney- — what an uproar! 

Hatper's Magazine had an illustration of our position, with 
the statement that at one time the iron from forty-six cannons 
was in the air. I quote from the article published in Harper's 
Magazine in December, 1864,— entitled " Heroic Deeds of Heroic 
Men." 

Extract from Harper's Magazine, December, 1864: 
"As soon as our advance-guard appeared in sight the rebels opened 
upon them from their batteries on the opposite side of the river. When 
the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts which in that day's march led the main 
body of the army, came within reach of the rebel tire, six batteries, con- 
taining thirty-six guns, were immediately biought into position, and 
opened a deadly fire upon the guns of the rebels, ten in number, upon 
the opposite side of the river. These guns, on both sides, were loaded 
and fired with such rapidity that it is said that there were, in all, more 
than a hundred discharges each minute. It is seldom, in battle, that 
so large a number of guns are so closely concentrated. 

The field of action was mostly a level plain, with a few slight undu- 
lations. It was necessary to place the Union infantry in position to 
protect their batteries from sudden charges by the foe. The Massachu- 
setts Forty-Fifth found itself stationed exactly in the range between one 
of our batteries and the guns of the rebels. The balls and shells from 
both parties went directly over their heads, so near that were the men 
to stand erect every head would soon be swept away. As they lay flat 
upon the ground they could feel the motion of every ball, and the wind- 
age would often take away their breath. Occasionally a shell would 
explode near them covering them with dirt. It was a very awkward 
position to occupy, and General Foster soon changed it. To attain a 
new position there was a Virginia rail fence to be crossed. As one of 



AS I SA W IT 279 

the men put his hand on a top rail to spring over a shell struck the rail 
from beneath him, plunged him headlong but unharmed into a ditch, and 
knocked down and severely wounded with a splinter another man. 
Almost at the same moment another shell fell aiid exploded in their 
ranks, wounding four men. In the midst of such a fire as this, strange 
to say, many of the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts fell soundly asleep. 
They were so utterly exhausted by the march of two days, the battle in 
the swamp and the sleeplessness of the intervening night in standing 
guard, that even the deafening roar of battle and the greatest peril of 
wounds and death could not keep them awake. 

One principal object in visiting White Hall was to destroy the two 
gunboats of which we have spoken as being there upon the stocks. As 
the enemy were in force upon the opposite bank our troops could not 
in a body cross. It was now nig^ht. The boats must be destroyed, and 
the army must be speedily again on its way to accomplish an enterprise 
still more important. Two thousand barrels of turjjentine were seized, 
piled in an immense heap on the river's bank, and set on fire. Such a 
bonfire mortal eyes have seldom seen. Vast sheets of billowy flame 
flashed their forked tongue to the clouds. The whole region for miles 
around was lighted up. Every movement of the enemy was revealed, 
and their positions were mercilessly shelled. Still there was no means 
of reaching the boats but to call for volunteers to swim the stream and 
apply the torch. A private named Butler of Company C, Third New 
York Cavalry came forward, plunged into the wintry wave and pushed 
boldly for the opposite shore. Every gun was brought into action 
throwing grape and cannister to distract the foe. 

Butler ran up the bank to the flaming bridge, seized a brand, and 
was making for the boats, when several rebels rushed from their 
sheltered hiding-places and endeavored to seize him. Quick as thought 
he turned, plunged again into the river, and through a shower of bullets 
returned safely to his comrades. The batteries were then brought to 
bear upon the boats, and with solid shot and shell they were nearly de- 
molished, though the flames, could the touch have been applied, would 
more effectually have done the work." 

Note. (For this gallant act, Major-General Foster highly compli- 
mented Butler on the spot, while Butler was in a situation not observ- 
able in civilized society.) 



Having nothing to do made it all the more trying. While 
I was lying near Captain Daland, we made out to the rear the 
movement of a man's arm from a dry ditch. This open-field 
business, with sharpshooters in the tree tops just over a narrow 



280 THE FOllTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

river, was anything but quieting to one's nerves. I crawled up 
to the ditch and looked in, the man made a movement with his 
hand across his face, that he could not speak. 

I signalled Dr. Treadwell to come. He said the man was 
" winded " by a shell passing near enough to paralyze the muscles 
of his throat. Chaplain Stone came with his men and carried 
him off the field on a stretcher. Just then our colors toppled 
over. Colonel Codman got up, took the colors, went five paces 
to the front and called for Sergeant Green. Color-Sergeant 
Parkman's body was taken off the field and Green took his place. 
In the afternoon when the regiment marched off the field over a 
bluff past Parkman's open grave, the field and staff turned out of 
column to attend a short service by Chaplain Stone, while the 
men looked on as they marched past. The loss of the regiment 
here at White Hall was five killed and sixteen wounded. " Ticks " 
don't count at the front, but I had two by bits of shell, one on 
the forehead, and on the back of my right hand, the cords laid 
bare, causing the arm to swell to the shoulder. 

It was now a steady march until we bivouaced about dark. 
Whenever the column settled down to "route step" it was 
my habit to drop to the rear, dismount, and tramp for awhile 
with Sergeant-Major Wheelock, who was not only a first-class 
tactician, but a delightful companion for a tough march, or for 
an evening about a camp-fire. Our tour of duty as brigade-in- 
advance was now over, so we had no early start to make on the 
morrow, but moved along toward the fight at Goldsboro bridge 
near the rear of our column. Toward evening we were turned 
back to our bivouac of the night before, had our coffee and hard 
tack, and many were asleep when the order came for the regiment 
to go to the front, where the firing had started up again. The 
men did not respond very cheerfully. We filed out on the road- 
way, and after marching awhile the colonel halted the regiment 
for the grumbling continued. He gave them a few movements 
in the manual of arms, and then said to them, " Your safety in 
nightwork may depend on your keeping closed-up. Now what 
we have to do, let us do cheerfully. Right face ! Forward, 
March !" and no regiment ever stepped off more cheerfully. 



AS I SA \V IT 



281 



The big pine trees along one side of the way were ablaze, 
and roared and snapped with a deal of energy. When the rosin 
melted from above and dropped down into the fiames, they would 
shoot up as if forced by a blow pipe By shielding the face, we 
passed the burning district without a blister. After an hour or so 
of marching we were halted, and soon turned back to our 
bivouac. 

Now that this army had disabled the railroad between Wil- 
mington, N. C, and Richmond, Va., and from prisoners taken 
learned that Burnside had been checked at Fredericksburg, is 
hurried back to near Kinston where we could hear from Burnside 
at Fredericksburg. Were we to turn towards Wilmington, or move 
north ? When the dispatch boat came in sight, one wave of a 
flag from her deck started us on a silent march within our own 
lines at New Berne. 

The troops of the Eighteenth Army Corps, under the com- 
mand of Major-General Foster, that fought the engagements at 
Southwest Creek, Kinston, White Hall, Mount Olive, Goshen 
Swamp, Dudley Station, Thompson's Bridge and Goldsboro 
Bridge in North Carolina on the 13th, Uth, Idth and 17th of 
December, 1862, were as follows: 

GENERAL Foster's staff. 



Lieuteuant-Colonel Hoffman, Assistant-Adju- 
tant General. 

Major Anderson, A. D. C. 

Major Stackpole, Judge Advocate. 

Major Frankle, Provost Marshal. 

Captain Gouraud, A. D. C. 

('aptain Fitzgerald, A. D. C. 

Captain Messenger, Chief Quartermaster. 

Captain Taylor, Chief Signal Officer. 

Lieutenant Farquhar, Engineer. 

Surgeon Snelling, Medical Director. 




General Foster's 
Headquarters Flag. 



Ninth New Jersey— skirmishing. 



282 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



GENERAIL, WESSEI.L S BRIGADE. 

Eighty-Fifth New York; Ninety-Second New York; Ninety-Sixth 
•New York; One Hundred and First Pennsylvania and One Hundred and 
Third Pennsylvania. 

COLONEL AMORY'S BRIGADE. 

Seventeenth Massachusetts; Twenty-Third Massachusetts; Forty- 
Third Massachusetts; Forty-Fifth Massachusetts and Fifty-First Massa- 
chusetts. 

GENERAL STEPHENSON's BRIGADE. 

Twenty-Fourth Massachusetts; Eighth Massachusetts; Forty-Fourth 
Massachusetts; Fifth Rhode Island and Tenth Connecticut. 

COLONEL lee's BRIGADE. 

Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts ; Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts ; Forty- 
Sixth Massachusetts; Third Massachusetts and Filth Massachusetts. 

COLONEL LEDLIE'S ARTILLERY BRIGADE. 

Six hatteries, Third New York Artillery, thirty-six guus; one bat- 
tery, First Rhode Island Artillery, six guns; one section, Twenty-Third 
Independent New York, two guns; one section, Twenty-Fourth Inde- 
pendent New York, two guns, and Marine Artillery in boats for use on 
Neuse River. 

CAVALRY. • 

Third New York Cavalry, two howitzers. 

Now we had a right to change a company that had been 
under fire, for one that had not, so Company I, Captain Rich, 
was sent to Morehead City, to relieve Company C, Captain Minot. 
Soon after this. Company I was ordered to join Company G, at 
Fort Macon. Hardly had our men recovered from their lame- 
ness when our brigade was ordered on a five days' reconnoissance 
up along the Trent to Trenton, where we burnt the bridge to 
keep the enemy from raiding over on to our railroad from New 
Berne to Beaufort Harbor. From Trenton, we turned South, 
toward Wilmington, with the Third New York Cavalry raiding 
right and left. While in support at Young's Cross Roads of these 
raids, we had the wettest rain of all our bivouacing. Everyone 



AS I SAW IT 283 

and everything was soaked during the day and night that it lasted. 
If you started a fire you could not use it for the smoke would 
not rise, so you could not remain near it. 

It was a bad night for the men on picket. Three of our 
men were on outpost, near a farmhouse, where the road dropped 
off a bit. They found an old door which they rested on a fence 
for shelter. Most of their time was given to keeping the locks 
of their muskets from getting damp. The man on lookout says, 
*' There is something coming up that rise." But in such dark- 
ness and mist it was impossible to judge. "It's on top of the 
rise," says the lookout. " Fire then," says the corporal. Bang ! 
The quality and number of the grunts that came from one shoat 
as he scurried for the farm-yard, made the men under the lean-to 
declare there was a whole drove For half an hour all was quiet. 
Then the outpost man says, " There's cavalry coming!" All got 
outside and at ready. The cavalry was cantering up the rise. 
" Fire," ordered the corporal Bang ! Bang ! Bang! and three 
riderless horses that would not be turned by the firing, rushed by 
to the farm-yard. Then it dawned on the boys, that the farmer 
had run his stock off to the swamp for safety, and the night was 
such that the animals knew of more comfortable quarters if they 
could get there. These had got there ; and it looked to the boys 
that if they kept quiet, by morning, they would have quite a lot 
of animals to turn over to the Provost Marshal. 

There is a saying aboard ship, that when a sailor's seat gets 
wet, it is time to throw him overboard, but with our men soaked 
to the skin, there was not a case of doldrums as there was the 
night they were ordered up from bivouac, and started for the 
front, the night of Goldsboro. 

Four days after returning from this march the regiment was 
ordered to do provost duty in New Berne. Our eight companies 
were quartered in houses in different parts of the city. Field 
officers and staff were together in a brick house on Pollock 
street. 

Our evening parade was on Broad Street. With two com- 
panies away on duty at Fort Macon, and turning off a guard of 



284 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

two hundred and twenty-five each day, made our front small, but 
did not reduce the standard of our drill, or the promptness of 
our movement. 

"Going to church," and "going to parade," were the only 
entertainments left for the inhabitants while under martial law, 
so the spectators outnumbered the regiment generally. 

In camp each company had the same distance to march to 
get on the line at Dress Parade, and came on the line as you 
would count one, two, three, four, right and left from the markers 
with the Adjutant and Sergeant-Major on the jump. Every man 
seemed to have his muscles strung with willingness, for they 
knew it was soon over, if all went well. But here in New Berne, 
some companies were a long distance from our parade ground, 
and others quite near. Tomlinson's time was given in orders, as 
the regimental time, and commanders of the companies warned 
to be near the line when the Adjutant's call was sounded, ready 
to march on when the band played. 

In a few days the companies had this down to a certainty* 
except one. I noticed that this captain when late, would not 
double-quick his company when he heard the band start in to 
play, which was as much as to say we could not go on without 
him. So the next evening when I saw he was even later than 
before, and all were on the line except his, the right company, I 
stopped the band, closed them up to the left, and went on with 
the parade. The band had played down the front, turned, and 
were halfway back when Captain Churchill stepped up behind 
me, and said, " Move up Adjutant, and I will put my company 
inline." "No, Captain, you can return your company to its 
quarters." Soon the band blazed in on my right, and as I went 
to the front, I saw his company returning to its quarters under 
Lieutenant Bond. 

Captain Churchill had come round to the front near the 
colonel. Parade over, the colonel walked away with Lieutenant- 
Colonel Peabody, Captain Churchill following up in the rear. 
At headquarters the two colonels passed up stairs to their rooms 
and I turned in to my ofifice, on the lower floor. Captain Chur- 
chill was left in the hallway. Soon he said to the orderly, " I 




REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS IN NEW BERNE WHILE DOING PROVOST DUTY 



AS I SAW IT 285 

would like to speak to Colonel Codman." The orderly came to 
me and I told him to go to the colonel's room and ask, if he 
would receive him there, here, or in the office. The colonel 
said for him to come up. 

That evening at dinner, the colonel looked pleasantly at me 
and said, "Well, Adjutant, Captain Churchill wanted to know if 
you commanded the regiment. I told him, not exactly that, but 
you represented its commander, and I was surprised you had not 
shut him out before." Colonel Peabody thought the captain 
might have wanted to argue the point, whether he, as captain, 
was to take such drastic orders from an adjutant. Colonel Cod- 
man said, "it did not follow that the adjutant being executive 
officer of this regiment need have orders direct from my lips to 
deliver anyone of it, if he is right, I am bound to sustain him." 
Now, the regiment not being on the move, had visitors from 
Boston. Rev. Dr. Lothrop with his daughter, the wife of our 
Lieutenant-Colonel, Edward W. Kinsley, and others. 

The winter weather is delightful in North Carolina, and now 
with our visitors we were having the heyday of our army service; 
but there came an interruption. One morning in March, as 
Lieutenant Pond has so well told in his paper, " A Stirring 
Day." 

In April, we were relieved from duty in the city and went 
into tents near our two companies, now in Fort Spinola, which 
united the regiment for parade only. When Sergeant Green of 
the Color Guard went with his Company G, to Fort Macon, Cor- 
poral Keating acted as Color-Sergeant, and took great pride in 
the position. If the order under fire was given, "forward on the 
colors," he was a bit tardy, until he got a chance to ^turn his 
trousers up to knee-high, then he was alert as a tiger. He went 
up the face of the Dover earthworks all right. 

While quartered in the city, I had a birthday party. I in- 
vited those I could accommodate, and instructed Deede to get 
the largest turkey in the city for our dinner. You must under- 
stand the stock of turkeys had long since been exhausted. But 
Deede never failed us if that which was wanted was within his 
reach. We dined on turkey. From the time we left Boston, 



286 THE FOBTT-FIFTR REGIMENT, M. Y. M. 

there was a case of champagne being kicked about with head- 
quarters' baggage, for which the colonel had no use, as he, while 
in command, never allowed himself to use wine, as he would have 
to pass judgment on his men that over indulged. The Major 
kept his eyes on it, and for fear it might be wasted, he got the 
sisters at the hospital to say how mach it was needed there. At 
our mess-table I joked quite a deal about "our wine." My 
birthday friends adjourned to my room, which connected by a 
double closet with the colonel's room. We had never used this 
closet. My friends were having a pretty jolly evening when there 
came a knock on this closet door. Holding up my arm for si- 
lence, I opened the door, and the colonel walked to the centre of 
the room, with a bottle of champagne under each arm. " Gentle- 
men," he said, " I am not using wine on this campaign, but I 
wish you would include me in your drinking this to the Adjutant's 
long, happy and prosperous life, which he so well deserves." 

After the colonel had retired, a knock came on the hall door. 
The night-orderly handed me an envelope. As soon as I glanced 
at the enclosure I handed it to Lieutenant Thaxter to read, which 
was as follows : 

Dear Gersbom C 

Who I may be, 

It matters not to say, 

1 wisb for thee 

Prosperity, 

On this thy natal-day. 

Long years ago, this vale of woe 
You chanced to enter in, sir, 
Your happy lot no doubt to show 
Your Victory o'er friend and foe 
Your parent's named you Win-sor. 

In camp or city, youth or age, 
Amid the battle's din, sir, 
Most obstinate, life's fight you'll wage 
And never yield, tbat I'll engage 
For you must ever, win, sir. 



AS I SAW IT 287 

The campaign o'er, in peaceful mood 
Again you'll meet your kin, sir, 
That lady fair! It's understood 
Is ready to be won and woo'd 
The " merry wife of Winsor." 

In health and love, we all will trust, 
You'll never be out of tin, sir, 
In fortune's race may you be first 
And ample store of golden dust 
We hope you soon will win, sir. 

Advanced in years, for youthful toys, 

When you care not a pin, sir, 

No doubt you'll have raaturer joys. 

And will not be known by girls and boys. 

By name of " Old Brown Winsor." 

We humbly trust with length of years 
Without one mortal sin, sir, 
'Mid manhood's grief and childhood's tears, 
The aim of Christian's hopes and fears. 
The golden crown you'll win, sir. 

Dear Gershom C, 

Who I may be, 

'Tis vain for you to guess 

I wish for thee, 

Prosperity, 

Long life and happiness. 

New Berne, N. C , February 19, 1863. 



For months I did not know to whom I was indebted for so 
ingenious a remembrance. My friends in Boston allowed the 
Bosto7i Journal Xo publish it thinking it would lead to an acknowl- 
edgment by the author. It was not until one night while on 
duty in Boston, during the Draft Riot that Dr. Kneeland ad- 
mitted that it was a trail from his pen, and how much he had en- 
joyed the blind hunt. 

My relations with the colonel were so close that his modes 



288 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

of thought, of reasoning, of action were so plain to me, that I 
would ever be aware of any faint-heartedness, of evasion, or lack 
of courage, or justice, if there were any. But there never was. 

If I started in to write about Colonel Codman, it would take 
more space than could be given in this review. His administra- 
tion and tactics were fine. Two items only will I give. 

When in camp, every Sunday morning the regiment was 
paraded for religious service. 

Those men for Catholic service step four paces to the front. 

Those men for Episcopal service step three paces to the front. 

Those men for Methodist service step two paces to the front. 

Each detachment was put under a non-commissioned officer, 
and marched away. Then the regiment was formed in a hollow 
square and we had service by our chaplain, who was always 
prompt, energetic and interesting. I'he leading voices of the 
singers were by Myron W. Whitney and William H. Beckett, in 
after years artists who graced operas, oratorios and New York 
Trinity Church Choir, respectively. Even the least devout men 
became interested. 

While on provost duty in the city, the mornings after guard 
mounting, were devoted at headquarters to regimental court 
martial. One of the men had been up twice before for having 
liquor while on post. When the man stepped before him, the 
colonel settled down in his chair, run his hands into his pockets, 
worked one foot slowly, and was silent for a few minutes. Then 
he said, " Lawrence, I think you have proved your unfitness for 
duty that is required of our men here in the city, I shall not send 
you to Fort Totten. You will be detailed as helper to your com- 
pany cook, and do no duty with a musket." We had left the city 
and had been in Camp Massachusetts quite awhile. The colonel 
had asked me to ride to town with him. When near the covered 
bridge, I saw a man coming with a bundle on his shoulder. See- 
ing us, he put it down, and stood at attention. I said, " Colonel, 
hold up, that man wants to speak with you." He stopped and 
turned his head from the brown study he was in and said at 
once, "Oh, yes, it's Lawrence." "I would like my musket back. 
Colonel." "Yes, yes, I will think that matter over, Lawrence" 



AS I SA W IT 289 

and twitching his reins, we moved off. Our term of service was 
now getting short. In the hurry of getting away the colonel 
ordered Lawrence to have his musket and take his place in the 
ranks. Did he forget Lawrence's homegoing? Some of you 
afterwards served under other commanders. If you found them 
always ready to give out all the punishment they could, then 
your mind must have reverted to your first colonel, who did not 
relish punishing any man. 

Away back in Camp Meigs at Readville, when the regiment 
was forming, a man came to my tent, and said he would like to 
be detailed into the band, as he felt he knew more of music than 
of drill. " That is certainly what the bandmaster is looking for 
and you may report to him, saying that I sent you, and for him 
to try you out." Each department was so busy and there hav- 
ing been no parade of the regiment as yet, I had never met the 
bandmaster of a few days The next morning, among others 
waiting, was a man in plain uniform, who said, " I am the band- 
master. The man you sent me yesterday will not do, he has 
never played a brass instrument." I sent for the man and then 
said to the bandmaster, " My understanding of what you wish to 
find in this regiment is, twenty or more enlisted men, that under- 
stand music that you may put instruments in their hands and 
teach them to produce harmony from them. Now take this man 
to your band tent, give him an instrument, and have him practice 
every day for a week. Then, if he won't do, I will listen to you." 
Turning to my man, I said, " What is your name ?" — " Myron W. 
Whitney, sir." The bandmaster did not come back. Years after 
the war, when Whitney had become a famous singer, I boarded 
a train one night, and took seat with him. He said, '* Winsor, 
when I go over my mental list of those who have rendered me 
assistance, during my professional studies, I find you very near 
the head of the list for your persistence in having me follow what 
I thought I understood, rather than have me perform the drud- 
gery of a private soldier." 

Two days after we went to Camp Massachusetts, the regi- 
ment was ordered to Core Creek, where we went into bivouac just 
off the railroad bed. General Palmer had a number of regiments 



290 TFTE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

on the Washington road between us and the Neuse River. 
General Amory was in command on the railroad bed. The next 
morning Captains Minot's and Tappan's companies under Major 
Sturgis, were sent up the railroad bed, to feel the enemy and hold 
a cross-road. 

Before noon our regiment supported by the Seventeenth 
Massachusetts, under Lieutenant-Colonel Fellows, followed the 
two companies. As the rails were up, and the culverts open, the 
field and staff were on foot. The day was hot and close, the 
ground swampy. When we overtook our two companies, Captain 
Bumstead's company was sent on the cross-road to the right to 
open communication with General Palmer's column. As the 
regiment proceeded up the road bed with Captain Churchill's 
company out as skirmishers. The enemy were forced from 
stumps and logs. As the way widened out, Captain Daland's 
company was deployed on the left. Toward night we had driven 
them within their earthworks, at the junction of the Washington 
road and the railroad bed. We could not wait for the other 
column to come up on the Washington road as it was getting 
late. So Colonel Codman, who was in command of our column, 
decided, after conferring with Lieutenant-Colonel Fellows 
(General Amory who was ill being left behind), to charge the 
face of the works, which was made of sleepers and iron rails 
from the road, covered with sand. 

Captain Romans' company was sent from the left to a wood 
ahead to try and get in a cross-fire — when the order was given to 
" charge." 

Captain Denny's company, carrying the colors, had not 
been deployed, butheld in reserve on the railroad bed, in platoons. 
When all was ready the order was given to Company A, to fire 
by platoon and then the regiment, deployed, to charge. Corporal 
Keating waved the colors for the third time as the signal for all 
to start, and just then there came a sheet of lead that made the 
air kick all about us, but it was aimed about a foot too high. 
Then was our opportunity, and everyone took advantage of it. 
forward they went ! slowly followed by the Seventeenth e/i masse. 
With bayonets, for an Alpine stick, our men gained the top of 
the earthworks, the white State Flag waving from it. 



AS I SAW ir 291 

We hred some lively volleys after the retreating rebels. 
Captain Homans' men had helped for there were four dead bodies 
within the works. Colonel Codman was walking the top of the 
work, stepping over his men, ordering them to " cease firing." I 
had jumped down within the works, and was cutting a gourd from 
the waist belt of a reb, that was shot through the lungs, still blow- 
ing froth and blood from his mouth. 

In reply to the colonel's order, the men would look up at 
him, and then bang away again, feeling sure they found rebels in 
the edge of the woods. Then he called for me to send a drum- 
mer. The men, for the drummer's beat, stopped their firing. 

The explanation to my mind was, that the men did not pro- 
pose to give up what they had gained, and to be sure of that, 
without a second thought, could not see what harm there could 
be in making sure, for possibly the colonel might be in error. 
This was nothing new of our volunteers, for they knew when they 
were doing a good piece of work. On a larger scale, the same 
idea predominated at Missionary ridge, when the centre under 
General Thomas advanced. The order was to take the first line 
of works at the foot of the ridge, but when the men had passed 
it, and the color-bearers kept going, the men rushed up, and up, 
so if Generals Sheridan and Baird who commanded these divi- 
sions, wished to, they did not stop them, for they were sure to 
gain the summit, which they did, much to the astonishment of 
General Grant. 

A company skirmishing for the column on Washington road, 
now crossed our rear and halted. Its captain reported to Colo- 
nel Codman for orders, and was instructed to pass into the woods 
to the roadway and ascertain if the enemy had any artillery 
there Our orders had been fulfilled. We had lost one dead, 
and three wounded. It was dark and the order was given to re- 
turn nine miles to our bivouac. It was very hot and sultry. The 
only water to be had was that along the road bed, covered with 
scum and dead leaves. Now, it was every man for himself 
again, except the wounded and the colonel. When his responsi- 
bility relaxed, he felt the strain of doing his work on foot, then 
came a reaction which required assistance by his men for awhile. 



292 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Colonel Peabody and myself, also felt this strain, but managed 
to stick to the pioneers and were the first back to our bivouac. 
After " coffee," we bunked together on the ground with a rubber 
blanket over us, for it was to rain. The next morning when I got 
up, my hair was matted over my eyes and ears by the heavy down- 
pour, while I had never even dreamed of rain. 

Captain Minot's company had not been with the regiment, 
on a march, until this one. After breakfast Captain Minot lined 
up his company and said " Men, you may be called on today for 
as hard, or harder march than we had yesterday. I want to 
know what men I can rely on, for Company C has got to keep 
in the front, now we are back with the regiment." Most of the 
men wanted, at least, a chance to soak their feet, but there were 
quite a number who wished to be left behind. " Well," said the 
captain, " I think the next time I want to recruit a company, I 
had better go to a Female Seminary for them. Break Ranks ! 
March!" He said to me afterwards, " Why, Adjutant I could 
not today march them a mile, before I would drop." But evi- 
dently he did not propose to have his men know it, if they were 
to remain in bivouac The rumored movement on New Berne 
had been forestalled. The next day we returned to Camp Mass. 
achusetts. 

Colonel Jones commanding our picket line, nine miles out on 
Batchelder's Creek was ever on the alert, and allowed no rebel 
post within his reach to remain unmolested. His own regiment, 
the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was located with him 
at the creek, and he had command of all pickets on his right, to 
the Neuse, and on his left, to the Trent, an arc of some fifteen 
miles. 

Not many days after our return from Core Creek, an orderly 
rode into camp about nine o'clock one evening, with an order for 
the colonel to have his command ready in twenty minutes, to 
load on the cars and proceed to Batchelder's Creek and assume 
command of the picket lines. If the enemy attacked in the 
morning, to bear in mind, that the general's fighting ground was 
at the works near the city, and so, not to bring on a general en- 
gagement but notify right and left, and retire. The regiment 



AS I SA W IT 



293 



was ready when the train of flat cars was backed from the city 
across the bridge to our camp. We had taken only the men, 
leaving the horses, most of the drummer-boys, and the band be- 
hind, until we knew of our need on the morrow. 

While alongside the track, loading, two of the drummer-boys 
from camp, "cheeked it," and begged me to take them, saying in 
a hurried way, how they attended to the wounded at Kinston, 
and what need there always was for them, when a fight was on ; 
didn't I send them back from the swamp at Kinston, for the 
stretchers to come in. "Oh, Adjutant, let us two go, do!" My 
answer was, " We may need one more, so here quick, now draw 
lots", taking up some straw from the side of the track. Little 
Shields, who never was downed at any of his tricks, drew the 
long straw, dodged away in the darkness for his drum. Even 
General Foster started to call him down once, but the boy came 
out ahead. 

It was the afternoon of Goldsboro bridge fight, the day when 
the Forty-Fifth was not of the advance brigade. Shields had 
tramped ahead to see what was going on. He had got up where 
exploding shells and falling branches reminded him of Kinston, 
so he concluded he had better hold on where he was, until there 
was a " let up," so sat on a log with his drum slung on his back. 
General Foster, with part of his staff soon halted there and looked 
the ground over. Presently the general said to his aide, " What 
is that drummer-boy doing back here?" The aide asks the boy, 
" Why are you back here?" The boy rose, saluted, " Sir, [ am 
waiting for the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts to come up." 

After the train got beyond our works, we could hear other 
regiments moving on the highways, later on some had stopped 
for coffee, and had small fires going. Unloading in the camp of 
the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania, our men made coffee. There 
stood a C. S. A. army wagon, with its hitch, and a piece of artil- 
lery, the trophy of the afternoon fight. 

The colonel must now look to his new command. We 
entered the headquarters' tent and saw the body of Colonel 
Jones, shot through the heart by a sharpshooter, while out with 
his regiment. Captain Daland's company was sent scouting to 



294 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Burnt bridge, at our right. Lieutenant Thayer, with Company G, 
to the Red House on our left. Finally with the One Hundred 
Thirty-Second New York, Colonel Classen, at Burnt bridge, and 
other regiments on our left, we settled down for the night, except 
the engine, that ran all night, just for the effect of its whistle on 
the rebel commander. Before daylight our pickets reported that 
the rebs were astir. At the front you could hear them calling 
their men up After awhile they moved off. Their brigade com- 
mander had decided not to attack. The next noon we returned 
to New Berne, with the body of Colonel Jones, and two days 
after were ordered to escort it to the steamer that bore it North 

Large daily details were now made from the Forty-Fifth, to 
work on new earthworks. 

The weather had become very hot, 105 degrees in the day- 
time, and about 92 degrees at night. Malaria and all its kindred 
were now rife. Some men that marched out on the details in 
the morning were brought in on a stretcher at noon, and a few 
died by night. Our sick were increasing very fast. Everybody 
was sick of the summer climate, and seemed to lose interest, and 
began to realize they had struck up against an enemy they 
feared more than the rebels. Our strength was ebbing away. 
General Lee was moving into Pennsylvania. We got an order 
to report to General Dix at Fortress Munroe. Getting our sick 
from hospitals and other regimental effects together, we took 
train to Morehead and there boarded the steamers 6". J?. Spaulding 
and Tillie passed Cape Hatteras, and at Fortress Munroe reported 
the regiment to the secretary of war, as ready for any duty, but 
when he found we had two hundred and sixty men down sick 
the whole regiment was ordered to Boston for " muster out." 

Speaking of the wastefulness of war methods. Here was a 
regiment that given a month's rest in a Northern climate, to 
regain their health, was in its prime, and should have been re- 
tained in the service at any reasonable cost. True, many re-en- 
listed, but the eificiency of the unit of a regiment was lost, and 
that is the reliance of an army. 

The regiment while in action had eighty-four hit, of these, 
twelve were killed, viz. : Samuel F. Richards, Clarence W. Bas- 



AS I 8 A W IT 295 

sett, Edwin R. Clark, Thomas Daudley, John H. Williams, 
Henry M. Putney, Edward H. Daggett, Theodore Parkman, 
Dennis Boerdhouse, James Murphy, George Cooper and William 
L. Parker. 

Eight died of wounds : Elbridge Graves, Henry F. Benson, 
Aaron H. Loring, Charles L. Ingram, George K. Robinson, 
Albert Brooks, William I. Rand and Abel R. Parlin. 

Fourteen disabled from wounds and discharged: Horace 
Holmes, John Perkins, Jr., George A. White, Robert B Tougue, 
Obed Coffin, Stephen A. Gibbs, Henry Gromer, Davis Hall, 
Edward H. Johnson, William C. Harden, Frank Brooks, Benjamin 
H. Rockwood, Alvin A. Merrill and James Sheenan. 

Total loss thirty-four men. Recovered for duty fifty men. 

Major Theodore O'Hara of Frankfort, Ky., after his service 
in the Mexican War, mused, as all writers have who have seen 
service on the firing line, of their dead. 

His fine mind depicted in verse, what thousands have felt, 
but never could express so well. The first verse is full of tender 
sentiment : 

"The muffled drums sad roll has beat 

The soldiers last tattoo: 
No man on life's parade shall meet 

That brave and fallen fevv. 
Oq Fame's eternal campino- ground 

Their silent tents are spread. 
But Glory guards, with solemn round. 

The bivouac of the dead!" 

May I say to the present and future members of the First 
Corps Cadets : 

Those of us who went out from the corps and were mustered 
in the United States service one, two, three times, that can now 
have the privilege of standing on the curb to look at the corps as 
it passes, give but a glance to the commander, for he knows the 
whole of a soldier's duty, and is ever the same, reliable under all 
circumstances. It is the privates that we envy, for the reason 
of the many advantages they have over us of 1861, and how 
much better fitted they are than we were to go forth — when the 



296 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

call comes again the cadets of that time have only to go to the 
State House and ask for the old colors of the Forty-Fifth Regi- 
ment, put out their call for men and lead them forth. They cer- 
tainly can find no better men than we led in 1862, but they 
might do better as officers, than we, for they are now, and ever 
will be better grounded in field service than of our time, as I 
have tried to explain. 

Improve your opportunity by studying the United States 
Army regulations as well as your tactics ; illustrate your study 
of earthworks and small forts, by building miniature works in 
the sand ; go out to the edge of the woods and exercise your 
voice in giving the commands ; have blocks of wood in your 
room, so that you may work out the movements of company, 
battalion and brigade ; study Francis Galton's " Art of Travel " ; 
commit to memory all the orders from " Attention" to " Echelon " 
by battalion, at thirty paces, on first battalion," etc.; practice 
making requisition blanks from the army regulations, then fill 
them up and sign them, so if called on suddenly you would at 
least have some idea how to proceed. 

You are a member of the finest military school in infantry, 
outside West Point, if you will but improve your opportunity. 
In time of war the state is ready to give you the best commis- 
sion your improvements can command. If you are well grounded 
there will always be an opening and promotion for you. 

There was a captain who went from Boston in the Civil 
War that was ordered to throw up an earthwork, with his men, 
while on picket duty ; when the work was finished the ditch 
was on the wrong side. If he had had your opportunities he would 
have been dismissed from the service for such an error. 




%])t Cnlijstmmt of Colored Croop^s. 



BY PRIVATE ALBERT W. MANN OF COMPANY A. 

HEN President Lincoln called for troops in April, 
1861 to put down the rising insurrection, some 
colored men in the city of New York hired a room 
and began to drill in military tactics. At that time, 
as all through the Civil War. there were many sympathizers with 
secession in New York City, and they threatened these colored 
men with violence and in order to secure the public peace, the 
police authorities felt compelled to order them to cease drilling. 
Before the end of the war a regiment of colored men was raised 
and equipped by the Loyal League of that city, and marched 
down Broadway on its way to the seat of war, amid the cheers 
and plaudits of thousands. 

In 1862 General Hunter organized negro regiments in his 
department of the South. A howl of indignation went up in Con- 
gress from the rebel sympathizers in that body. Mr. Wickliffe 
of Kentucky introduced a motion asking the Secretary of War, 
if General Hunter had organized a regiment of fugitive slaves 
and whether the government sanctioned the act. Hunter made 
explicit answers. He replied to the first question, " No regiment 
of fugitive slaves has been, or is being organized in this depart- 
ment. There is, however, a fine regiment of persons whose late 
masters are fugitive rebels^ men, who everywhere fly before the 
appearance of the National flag, leaving their servants behind 
them to shift for themselves as best they can." A few weeks 
later, Secretary Stanton, by special order, directed General Rufus 
Saxton, Military Governor of the Sea Coast Islands, to "arm, 
uniform, equip and receive into the service of the United States, 
such number of volunteers of African descent, not exceeding 
five thousand " as would be useful. 

General J. W. Phelps in command above New Orleans, in 
the summer of 1862, finding crowds of colored people flocking to 

297 



298 THE FOliTY-FIFTlI REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

his camp, asked permission of General Butler to arm and equip 
negro regiments. Butler had no authority to do so. He recom- 
mended Phelps to employ them in servile work on the fortifica- 
tions. Phelps replied, " I am not willing to become the mere 
slave driver you propose, having no qualifications that way," and 
throwing up his commission, returned to Vermont. Very soon 
afterwards Butler called for negro volunteers from the free colored 
men in New Orleans, and full regiments were formed. 

A year passed by and but few of the thousands of colored 
men made free by the Emancipation Proclamation were found in 
arms. There was quite a general prejudice against them, but as 
the war went on> this prejudice, like many others, passed away, and 
in the summer of 1863 the President was authorized by Congress 
to accept colored volunteers. From this time on they were freely 
enlisted, and nearly two hundred thousand of them fought in the 
ranks for the preservation of the Republic and for their own 
freedom. 

Within the Confederate lines, the colored men in bondage 
were freely used in the military service, but not with arms in 
their hands. Under white leaders, they were " armed and 
equipped with axes, shovels, spades, pickaxes and blankets," and 
built many of the fortifications, which defied and held in check, 
the Union Army. 

In Massachusetts, " the employment of freedmen as soldiers 
in the army of the Union was favored from the beginning and 
looked forward to with fond hopes by Governor Andrew and 
prominent public men in the Commonwealth. They saw in this, 
the certainty of a successful issue of the war. Thus what was 
predicted early in the struggle, became a truth, " Africa was 
carried into the war, the black man was made a soldier with a 
musket in his hand, and on his body the uniform of a loyal 
volunteer " 

The movement for the organization of colored troops forms 
a very interesting chapter in the military history of the old Bay 
State. It was a very rare thing to see a colored man in military 
uniform. They were not allowed to form part of the militia, nor 
could they be enlisted in the regular service. 



TEE CO LOB ED TROOPS 299 

It was regarded by many as an experiment of doubtful utility, 
and many in their secret hearts hoped it would prove a failure. 
But that far-sighted statesman, Governor Andrew, had faith that 
it would succeed and was constant and persistent in urging it 
tipon the general government. History has long since awarded 
him the full meed of praise for his wisdom and sagacity in this, 
as in many other matters which distinguished his administration 
and placed Massachusetts in the forefront in that memorable 
struggle. 

On January 26th, 1863 an order was issued by Secretary 
Stanton, giving authority to Governor Andrew to recruit a colored 
regiment in Massachusetts, and on February 7th he issued an 
order for the good work to commence. On May 14th, which 
was less than one hundred days, the regiment was filled to the 
maximum, and was known as the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts. 
Before its organization was completed, there were so many colored 
men anxious to enlist, it was decided to raise another regiment 
and this was also rapidly filled. These two regiments of colored 
troops were the Jfrsf that were organized in any of the loyal states 
and they were armed and equipped in the best manner. Gover- 
nor Andrew determined to select for officers of these regiments 
the very best material that could be found in the Massachusetts 
volunteer service. "They should be of acknowledged military 
ability and experience, of the highest social position, if possible, 
in the State, and men who believed in the capacity of colored 
men to make good soldiers. For colonel of the Fifty-Fourth 
Regiment he immediately fixed upon Robert G. Shaw, a captain 
in the Second Regiment Massachusetts Infantry, a gentleman of 
education, a brave officer, and connected by blood and marriage 
with the oldest and most respectable families in the state. Captain 
Shaw was afterwards relieved from his command, and came to 
Boston to superintend the recruiting of the regiment." When the 
organization of the Fifty- Fourth was completed, many gentlemen 
in New York, who favored the enlistment of colored troops, 
desired to have the regiment pass through that city on its way 
to the front. They wanted to have it march down Broadway 
that the people might see it, and that New York might imitate 



300 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

the example of Massachusetts in regard to colored regiments. 
But others, equally friendly to raising colored troops, counselled 
against it and their prudent counsels prevailed. The Fifty-Fourth 
Regiment was ordered to South Carolina and embarked on the 
28th of May, 1863 on board the United States steam transport; 
De Malay. In the passage through Boston it received a splendid 
ovation, but the men kept close ranks, not a man left his place, 
not a straggler was seen. Two sons of Frederick Douglass, the 
colored orator, were in the ranks ; the father himself was present 
to witness the departure of his sons. 

In less than two months this regiment participated in that 
deadly and unsuccessful assault on Fort Wagner in South 
Carolina, led by their gallant Colonel, Robert G. Shaw, who was 
instantly killed. Because he commanded colored troops, Shaw 
was intensely hated by the confederates, and they foolishly 
thought they had dishonored him, when, as they proclaimed, 
they had buried his body "in a pit under a heap of his niggers." 

On April 1st, 1863, Governor Andrew wrote a long letter to 
the secretary of war in regard to raising a colored brigade in 
North Carolina, which, he was assured, could easily be done, if 
the proper man was selected to organize and command them. 

General Foster in command of the Department of North 
Carolina regarded favorably the formation of colored troops. In 
obedience to the suggestion from the War Department, Governor 
Andrew proposed the name of Colonel Edward A. Wild, of the 
Thirty-Fifth Regiment, as a suitable person for such a position. 
He was of the right age, a graduate of Harvard College, a physi- 
cian by profession. His first military experience was as a 
surgeon in the Crimean War on the staff of Omar Pacha. He 
raised a company in 1861, and went with it as its captain in the 
First Regiment of three years' men from Massachusetts. He 
was in the first Bull Run fight, and in all the battles before Rich- 
mond, in one of which he was severely wounded. As Colonel of 
the Thirty-Fifth, he fought at South Mountain and Antietam, 
where he lost his left arm. 

The enlistment of the colored troops in North Carolina was 
a matter in which the members of the Forty-Fifth Regiment took 



THE COLORED TROOPS 301 

a deep interest, largely so, because of the earnest support given 
to the project by the Hon. Edward W. Kinsley, the loyal and 
enthusiastic friend of the regiment. At the twenty-fifth reunion 
of " Company A, 45th Associates," Mr. Kinsley gave an interest- 
ing and thrilling account of his trip to New Berne, about this 
time, a little of the inside history, so to speak. He was well 
known to be one of Governor Andrew's truest and most confiden- 
tial friends, and came down, ostensibly, as a servant to General 
Wild but actually in the capacity of a diplomat Governor An- 
drew had seen enough of the bickerings and jealousies of army 
officers, to lead him to have very little faith in the success of the 
undertaking unless backed by brains and executive ability, and 
Mr. Kinsley must pack up, go to North Carolina, and look the 
field over He went to Washington and had a long interview 
with Mr. Lincoln, answered questions and arguments innumer- 
able, but the iron rules of war were not relaxed, no pass 
could be obtained. Determined not to be thwarted in his pur- 
pose he signed articles as a servant to General Wild and in that 
capacity entered New Berne. But the blacks did not come for- 
ward to enlist. Something was wrong and it did not take Mr. 
Kinsley long to find out the trouble. Among the blacks was a 
man of more than ordinary ability, a coal black negro, named 
Abraham Galloway. So great was his influence among the 
colored people that all matters of importance concerning them 
were left to his decision. Mr. Kinsley had several interviews 
with him, but still the recruiting hung fire. One day a message 
was brought to Mr. Kinsley to be at the house of Mary Ann 
Starkey, a colored woman, at twelve o'clock that night. He 
was there at the appointed hour, was blindfolded and led to an 
attic room. When the bandage was removed he could see, by 
the dim light of the candle, that the room was nearly filled with 
blacks, and right in front of him stood Abraham Galloway and 
another huge negro, both armed with revolvers. With these 
weapons at his head, they put him under a solemn oath, that any 
colored man enlisted in North Carolina should have the same pay 
as their colored brethren enlisted in Massachusetts ; their fami- 
lies should be provided for; their children should be taught to 



302 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

read ; and if they should be taken prisoners, the government 
should see to it that they were treated as prisoners of war. To 
all of this Mr. Kinsley made oath and he was then conducted 
out of the house. He often avowed that these few moments 
spent in Mary Ann Starkey's house was the most thrilling experi- 
ence of his life. The next day the word went forth, and the 
blacks came to the recruiting station by hundreds and a brigade 
was soon formed." Before leaving the North, Mr. Kinsley as- 
sured Governor Andrew and President Lincoln that the Massa- 
chusetts Regiments in the Department of North Carolina would 
exercise a protecting care over any colored troops that might be 
raised there, and he advised that the camp of the First North 
Carolina Regiment be located near that of the Forty-Fifth Massa- 
chusetts, which was done. It was no unusual thing for members 
of that regiment to go over to the camp of the First North 
Carolina and drill the " raw recruits " in the manual of arms, 
and afterwards instruct them out of the primer. On his way 
home from New Berne, Mr. Kinsley stopped at Washington and 
had another long interview with President Lincoln and related, 
in his own inimitable way, the success of the scheme, and the 
manner in which the Massachusetts regiments had treated the 
colored troops. Mr Lincoln was deeply touched at the narrative 
and was thoroughly convinced that the government had done the 
right thing in ordering the enlistment of colored troops. 

Benson J. Lossing in " Our Country," says of the colored 
troops and of the negro during the war, — "The natural docility 
of the negro made him an excellent man to discipline for a 
soldier ; and his faithfulness and courage were never surpassed, 
in strength and endurance, by the white man's faithfulness and 
courage. Their conduct throughout the war was most remark- 
able. Their numbers, in some of the revolted states, were nearly 
equal to those of the white people ; and in the absence of the 
men of the latter race, in the army, the whole region which they 
occupied, was absolutely at their mercy. There were, at first, 
apprehensions that the negroes, perceiving their opportunity and 
advantage, would rise in insurrection and assert their right to 
freedom. On the contrary they worked faithfully and patiently 



THE COLORED TIWOPS 303 

for their masters, on the plantations, and there is no record of an 
attempt, by individuals, or in numbers, of that vast servile popu- 
lation, to gain their liberty. Not a woman or ghild was injured 
by their slaves ; on the contrary, they were the trusted protec- 
tors from violence, of the wives and children of the confederate 
soldiers. 

They had faith that God would, in his own good time, 
deliver them from bondage ; and in that faith they patiently 
waited and suffered. Because of their faithfulness and forbear- 
ance, when they might have filled the land with horror, the 
colored population of the South deserve the everlasting gratitude 
and good-will of the white people there, whose families they pro- 
tected and by their labor supplied with food and clothing during 
the terrible civil war. 

History furnishes no parallel to the noble conduct of the 
negroes toward those who were making war for the purpose of 
perpetuating the slavery of their race." 



Ci^e &ergeant')S ^tor^. 




BY SERGEANT ROYAL P. BARRY OF COMPANY D. 

From an address delivered in Melrose, Mass., in 1880, and published by 
permission of liis daughter, Miss Amy Frances Barry. 

In those days just after the close of the war, the three 
years' men used to ask a question, " Were you a 
soldier or a nine months' man? " When I heard that 
^4^ question asked by some bearded veteran who, per- 
haps, spent as much time in Confederate prisons as would cover 
my whole term of service, I was tempted to reply with trembling 
knees and bated breath - " Only a nine month's man, oh, mighty 
warrior." And yet when I think of sacrifices made by those 
who served only the short period, when I recall deeds of bravery, 
when I remember the many hardships borne uncomplainingly, 
and more than all, when I recall those of our number who " died 
on the field of battle," those who passed away in southern hospi- 
tals from wounds and disease, and others who carry with them 
honorable scars, I come to the conclusion that a man may be a 
soldier, and yet only a nine months' man. 

The call for troops for this short period, brought two large 
classes into the field,— one, "of young men, who, prior to the call 
were too young to enlist, another, and a larger class of men, — 
old and young, with families and responsibilities, home duties, 
which, up to that time, had restrained them from enlisting. 
These welcomed the call, gladly, as giving them an opportunity 
to do a little for the good cause, when they could not do much. 
Thus it happened that our regiment was composed of good ma- 
terial ; of my own company, one-half was raised on Cape Cod, the 
other half in the city. 

There were sailors who had circumnavigated the globe, fish- 
ermen, farmers, mechanics, tradesmen and clerks, ranging in age 
from eighteen to forty-five. All shades of religious and political 

304 




SERGT. ROYAL P. BARRY, COMPANY D 







_ Co>.^^■^V )''V^'>^ 0Lt.\v^i t CV-S 



THE SERGEANTS STORY 305 

beliefs had their representatives. As regards religion, it was 
noteworthy that there was a general respect for it, even by those 
who seemed most reckless, and the profanity of the minority, while 
it was forcible, and in some cases, peculiar and original, had 
little of real viciousness about it. It reminded me of the old 
answer of the swearing sailor to the parson, " My cursing is a 
good deal like your praying, parson, we don't either of us mean 
anything by it." 

Those men I learned to love with a brother's affection, their 
faults are forgotten. When we meet it is with a hearty grip of 
the hand, and long talks take place, the old scenes come back to 
us, we ask for this one and that one, and learn that some are 
dead — others are living in foreign lands — others are in the great 
West. Once a year a hundred or more of us come together — we 
have a dinner— once again we form a " Dress Parade," laughing 
at our awkward attempts to perform the once familiar tactics — 
and then we separate to meet another year with possibly dimin- 
ished numbers. 

Camp Amory, our first camp in Dixie, was on the bank of 
the river Trent, about a mile or two from New Berne. Our quar- 
ters were two long wooden barracks, each divided into five rooms. 
Every morning we went to the river bank to wash; later came 
breakfast, then guard mounting, and the morning drill for those 
who were not on guard. Dinner was followed by another drill 
of the entire brigade — then came the " Dress Parade," with its 
solemn and punctilious ceremonies. As the company assembled 
the orderly-sergeant would pass down the ranks, gently reprov- 
ing the men for some personal untidiness, then came the captain 
"spick and span" and he rolled his cold eye over the ranks. "Jones, 
those buttons have not been polished lately." " Brown, where 
are your company figures?" "Lost 'em, sir." "Get new ones 
to-morrow." " Smith, I foresee you will get some extra guard 
duty, if you don't present a better appearance tomorrow night." 
The discipline was severe — distances between officers and men, 
were always made great in our regiment, although at home, they 
may have been friends. Sometimes the discipline seemed too 
severe, but I think we all conceded that it was not, before we 



306 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

finished our term of service. Our barracks were but a part of a 
large camp — beyond us the Fifty-First was camped, also in bar- 
racks, and beyond them the Forty-Third in tents. 

Occasionally we obtained a pass, and going through these 
camps, walked up the bank of the river to the ruins of the old man- 
sion, to which all the lands we were occupying belonged in the 
" ante-bellum "days. Sometimes as we smoked our pipe under 
the sunny side of its walls, we used to try and imagine the scenes 
which might have taken place there before the war — the river 
parties — the Christmas festivities and all that. 

Picture to yourself the feeling of the owner returning after 
his four years of service in the Confederate Army — his home de- 
stroyed — not a buildingstanding — fences destroyed and burned, his 
timber felled — the land wasted. " A righteous retribution," you 
say, and you rightly say so, and yet when a man returns in such 
a case, and sets to work manfully to build up his shattered for- 
tunes, accepts the situation, puts behind him the past, ranges him- 
self under the Old Flag, is he not entitled to credit? And if it 
should happen that it don't suit him to eat dirt and say he was 
wrong, and wear " sackcloth and ashes," and all that, ought we 
to complain? I trow not. " Put yourself in his place." 

PICKET DUTY. 

For several weeks we did picket duty on the other side of 
the Trent, and for five miles beyond the bridge. The men sought 
picket duty rather than camp guard, as it was more free and 
easy. 

At the Block House on the other side, the main guard was 
set. There a detachment of, say, twenty men, under a sergeant, 
would start out on the wood road. At every mile interval, three 
men and a corporal would be left, and at the outer picket station, 
nine men and the sergeant. 

It was easy business, the woods were very pleasant, and 
there was little to do. The Confederates were quiet, and were, 
no doubt ten or twelve miles away. This fact did not however 
relieve us from close watching and scouting when night fell. 



THE SERGEANTS STORY 307 

The night hours seemed mighty long in these woods, espec- 
ially do the hours drag between two o'clock and the break of 
day. Then all the curious woodland noises are hushed. The 
silence is almost appalling, the cold becomes unbearable, prob- 
ably because the power to resist it has become weakened by the 
long vigil, your teeth chatter, your blanket seems little protection, 
and you hover over the few embers allowed, awaiting the dawn 
of day. But as the sun gets up, and the birds begin to sing, and 
your comrades wake and join you— the fire is started up — you 
boil your coffee, eat the nutritious hard tack, and salt horse, and 
finally fill your pipe. The blue devils that have been your com- 
panions vanish, and your life seems jolly and cheerful again. The 
rest of the forenoon we can sleep if we choose, for no duty is ex- 
pected till afternoon. 

THE LONG ROLL. 

One night we were all sleeping quietly, when I was partially 
awakened by a confused noise which seemed a part of my dream, 
and yet, not of it. As I gradually came to my senses I found the 
drums were beating in the 'square a continuous roll, increasing 
in volume, momentarily, as one drum after another joined in. 
The sergeants were rushing like crazy men from one bunk to an- 
other. "Turn out! Turn out! The Long Roll! The Long 
Roll! Come fly around. Tumble out!" One sergeant distin- 
guished himself by ordering us to put on our dress coats and both 
belts, as though it was a '* Dress Parade." Naturally we were 
not long in dressing, and as we grabbed our guns, and jumped 
into our accustomed places, the officers made their appearance. 
All sorts of rumors were afloat, the Confederates had driven in 
our pickets, but I never quite learned what did give the alarm. 
Whatever it was, the outer picket had fired one or two guns, and 
the other posts following the usual orders, had also fired, and so 
the alarm was carried into camp with the result of turning out 
three thousand men, but it was all in the way of experience. 

I want to mention a case of real bravery on the part of one 
of our men, at the battle of Kinston, who had seen something of 
frontier life in Kansas and Missouri. The colonel desired to get 



808 THE FOHTY-FIFTU REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

a little better knowledge of the location of the Confederates who 
were in front of us, and called for volunteers to go forward and 
report. Two men jumped to their feet, but the colonel signed to 
one to lie down again. The other, Whytal of Company D, just 
walked to the edge of the wood, trailing his rifle behind him, 
parted the bushes with his left hand, took a good look, turned 
about with deliberation and walked back, making his report to 
the colonel. I always thought that was an instance of real 
bravery. 

The fire was very severe. It seemed a miracle he was not 
hit, for as it turned out afterwards, a Confederate regiment was 
only a few rods from him, and he was old enough to know the 
danger, and again he was alone. There isn't much courage re- 
quired to make a charge when the regiment is massed together. 
You feel the touch of the elbows and shoulders of your neigh- 
bors, you are making forward rapidly, yelling, probably, excited 
and sustained by the excitement, but this cold-blooded bravery is 
rare. 

On the second day of our Goldsboro march, much of the 
road was under water, from the overflow of the river, which 
crossed the road once or twice. At first there was some effort to 
keep dry shod, by walking on logs, and the hummocks, wliich pro- 
jected above the swamp. One of the boys had been particularly 
active, in leaping from one dry spot to the other, so much so that 
he got himself disliked by the others, whose feet were wet, and as 
I came along behind him, and saw him balancing on a hummock, 
looking for another one to spring to, I couldn't resist the temp- 
tation, and I rubbed against him, so that he slipped into about 
a foot of water. It was a mean thing to do, and I shall never 
forget the reproachful look he cast on me. 

Some of the boys were always scouting in the fields and 
farmhouses, doing about double the marching the company did, 
and seeming never tired, coming back with chickens, pies, etc., 
which had been given them by the hospitable people of the coun- 
try. One of these found a horse one clay, an old bunch of bones, 
white in color. Our comrade tied his blankets on the horse for 
a saddle, made a rope halter and this completed the harness. 



THE SERGEANTS STOBY 309 

He rode him all one day, but turned him loose at night, claiming 
that riding was harder work than marching. 

I have often been asked to describe the sensation of beino- 
" under fire." Well, it is difficult to describe it. I have read in 
novels of the ardor which seizes the soldier to be in the front of 
battle. Charles O'Malley, you know, volunteered for the "for- 
lorn hope," and all that sort of thing, but I can't say I ever ex- 
perienced it. My impression is, that the average soldier don't 
care about doing any unnecessary fighting, but when it comes, 
why then he does it. So far as our men were concerned, they 
had their wits about them, were quite steady, obeyed every com- 
mand, just as though they were on their usual drill, and were 
very glad when the fight was over. 

Company D had very pleasant quarters at New Berne, when 
we were doing provost duty. Our house had open fire-places in 
each room, and every night a wood fire was blazing on the 
hearth, and those of us who were "off duty," would have a game 
of cards, or a social smoke till "Taps." 

On Sundays we obtained leave to attend the Episcopal 
Church where Major Russell Sturgis, Jr., read the service. The 
singing was probably as good as any they were likely to have in 
that church or in any other, as the well-known basso Myron W. 
Whitney, who was a member of our band, used to sing there and 
the male quartette was made up of voices of a high order. 

The church-yard surrounding the edifice was in fairly good 
condition, some of the inscriptions were a little quaint, as indeed 
they always are, when we go back a half century or more. I 
recall one on a stone over the grave of a young man, whose vir- 
tues were fairly and fully stated in prose, but the usual desire to 
burst into poetry was also manifested in four or five verses,, of 
which I recall one. 

" Ingenuous Youth! Thou art laid in dust 
Thy friends for thee in tears did burst, 
But though thy youthful qualities were great, 
We all must learn with thee to follow Christ, the great." 

While this leaves something to be desired by those disposed 
to be critical as regards rhyme and measure, no exception can be 
taken to the sentiment of the verse. 



310 THE FOUTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

The next house to ours was a large brick house, one of the 
best in town. The blinds were always closed, and I supposed at 
first, that it was unoccupied, but found I was mistaken. Occa- 
sionally we could hear the music of a piano, and I learned that 
the family consisted of two ladies, and one or two gentlemen, and 
servants. When they took their out-door exercise, if at all, I 
know not, for I did not see them during our three months stay 
there. I used sometimes to wonder how they passed their time 
in their self imposed seclusion. 

One evening we learned there was to be a negro wedding 
nearby, and I was detailed to take some men round and see that 
there was no trouble. It was quite a swell affair, the groom was 
dressed in black, the bride in white, and both had on very fine 
white cotton gloves After the wedding ceremony there was a 
dance to the music of a fiddle, played by a darkey who sat on a 
table in one corner of the room. It was rather warm and rather 
close, and one of the boys found some cayenne pepper in his 
pocket and "sanded" the floor with it. (I would not like to say 
that he brought it there with a purpose, and yet it was not cus- 
tomary to carry cayenne pepper about the person.) Naturally 
the sneezing, with the dancing, aroused the indignation of the 
wedding party to such an extent that we had to withdraw. 

Occasionally we had unpleasant duties to perform, in the 
way of searching houses of residents. I remember going through 
one on the order of the Provost Marshal Major Jones Frenkle 
of the Seventeenth Massachusetts. Some sanitary stores had 
been taken and suspicion fell on the inmates of this house. We 
went over it from cellar to garret, turned over the beds, opened 
trunks, pulled out the contents of closets, followed about by a 
young woman, about twenty years old, quite pretty, but boiling 
over with anger. I tried to reason with her but she wouldn't 
discuss the matter with that calmness, which, as you all know, is 
absolutely essential to reach a correct conclusion, in fact she 
seemed quite //-^'«^//t-^^/ against us, but we found nothing, and I 
confess I was glad to beat a retreat. 

I recall the night ride on open platform cars, which our reg- 
iment took to Batchelder's Creek, to reinforce the Fifty-Eighth 



THE SEKGEAXrS STOBY 311 

Pennsylvania, whose colonel was killed just after a successful foray 
on the Confederates. The next day we escorted his body to 
the cars, a detachment of his regiment accompanying it to New 
Berne. The Drum Corps of his regiment furnished the music 
and I have seldom ^heard music of any kind that affected me 
more deeply. The ''Dead March in Saul" is familiar to all of 
you, but you will never appreciate it, till you have heard it played 
by fife and drum. The fife played the air, the kettle drums 
playing a continuous roll, swelling and dying away with the cad- 
ences of the air, while the bass drum marked the measure with 
muffled throbs. 

A few days afterwards we were invited to do escort duty 
when the colonel's body was put on board the steamer to be 
sent to his home in Pennsylvania. The same dirge was played 
by our brass band but the music was not so effective. 

Our term of service having expired we embarked at More- 
head City on steamers bound for Boston, and in a few days were 
in sight of the " Hub." 

I am not easily stirred by emotion but I freely confess that 
at the sight of our New England coast, I felt my heart beat a 
little more rapidly than usual and was conscious of a shaking 
sensation at the throat as I caught myself humming an old air, 
which I used to sing at school — 

" Hurrah for old New England 

And her snow-capped Granite Hills," 

Some of the boys re-enlisted and served the remainder of the 
war, but myself and the majority, we just dropped back into our 
old ways and manner of life, none the worse I am disposed to 
think, for the life we had led in the South. It is said that the 
soldier's life is a demoralizing one, and there is a certain amount 
of truth in the saying, nevertheless, it is a question with two sides, 
much depends there, as at home, on the associations which sur- 
round the individual, the character of the officers, and the regi- 
ment, etc. Looking back on those Southern days, I find myself 
forgetting its hardships, and remembering only the pleasant 



312 THE FORTY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

events, and the one thing which made the life bearable, not to 
say enjoyable, was the sense of freedom from responsibilities of 
all kinds. A munificent Government clothed and fed us, more- 
ever, it paid us $13.00 per month, in brand new greenbacks, of 
which we had no need, save to furnish us with tobacco, and 
(shall I say it) Butter, when in camp. Why, I was able to save 
or spare to others, more out of this income, than I have in some 
quite recent years. Then there were no conventionalities to be 
respected — no bosom shirt — no collar — no silk hat. If you were 
" off duty " and tired you could lie down in the sand and 
sleep. 

There was much in the life to commend and to look back upon 
with a certain amount of regret and yet it was a serious business, 
how serious, those of us who lost our nearest and dearest, know, 
only too well — and if the war had been waged as some wars 
have been in the past for the aggrandizement of an individual, 
or of a nation, I could look back on it with no sentiment save 
that of horror, but our War was not such an one. It was waged 
for a vital principle, the Perpetuity of the Union, and with this 
principle vindicated, and now triumphant, not a dollar was ex- 
pended, or a life lost, that we, of this day and generation have a 
right to regret, and we have an additional cause for gratitude 
that in this mighty struggle, the curse of Slavery, which had so 
long impeded and arrested the progress of the country, was for- 
ever removed. 

But the war is ended and has been ended these many years. 
The country is now great and prosperous. It remains for us, 
who may, and I think will, experience the benefits of this pros- 
perity to remember the past and avoid its errors. 



They are going forth to battle, 

God shield them, every oue ! 
The sister for the brother prays, 

The mother for her son. 

" The father of these little ones, 
Oh, God, in mercy spare!"' 
So falters forth the waiting heart, 
That hath no help but prayer. 

They are going forth to battle, 
Oh, we knew that this must be. 

And we know some noble hearts must die, 
Ere the hour of Victory. 

For them, the danger and the strife. 

And the hour so full of fate. 
For us, the anguish of our dread 

To hope, to fear, to wait. 

They are going forth to battle, 

God shield them, every one! 
The sister for the brother prays, 

The mother for her son ! 



Annie E. Johnson, 

Nahant, Mass. 



313 




Wat: €]^t asomancc and tl)c Bcalitr- 

A MEMORIAL ADDRESS BY CHAPLAIN A. L. STONE. 

Judges, 5:18 " Zebulou and Naplitali were a people that jeoparded 
their lives unto the death in the high places of the field."' 

R. President, Comrades and Friends : I do not know 
how I can better honor the memory of the heroic 
dead whose graves we are, this week by beautiful 
custom to crown with floral tributes, than by bring- 
ing before you out of the record of the past a picture or two, 
of real army life, as we who lived it, found it. It is this plain, 
humble, unromantic record, finding no place in the stately scroll 
of history, which most clearly reveals the actual of war, and our 
debt to the men who endured its hardships and achieved its 
triumphs. In sketching for you some of the varieties of the 
soldier's experience, I must confine myself to what I saw and 
shared, and though this restriction will keep us at a distance 
from the most eventful scenes of the strife, its great battles and 
chief crises, yet we shall perhaps gain in vividness what we lose 
in tragic grandeur. 

I had the honor of serving as chaplain of the Forty-Fifth 
Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, through a nine months' 
campaign in North Carolina, and it is in connection with this 
brief term of service that all the personal observations of which 
I speak have been gathered. 

One general remark I may however, at first interpose. What 
making war means, we have all learned to know, better than we 
once did. When we thought at first of warlike collision with the 
South, we pictured to ourselves a grand army of tens, or hun- 
dreds of thousands, in fair and ordered array. Every man in the 
ranks, a soldier and a patriot. Some gallant leader riding in the 
van. Each hand that held a sword, wielding it only at his will 
and word, and over all, its gleam refiected in every eye and stir- 
ring all hearts in noble unison, our country's starry flag. The 

314 




REV. A. L. STONE, D.D. 
CHAPLAIN 



PARK STREET CHURCH 
BOSTON 



THE ROMANCE AND THE REALITY 315 

signal given, this army should move right on, with measured tramp 
of feet, with prancing horses, with thunder of artillery to meet 
the foe. Then battle — right against wrong — twenty millions 
against eight. Northern strength against Southern vaporing and 
victory for the Union. The triumphing army should follow fast 
and far on the broken and shattered rebel columns, allow no 
pause for rest or breath, beat them small as the dust of the 
balance, then with jubilant music return, their path lined with 
festive crowds, and saluting cannon from every height, throbbing 
out a nation's gratitude and joy. This was war. We were ready 
for this. We could interrupt trade and agriculture, and house- 
hold dalliance long enough for this. 

But this notion of war we very soon had to correct. The 
stern rude reality was too much you know for some men. They 
could have fought through one of those /t"-?//?^?/ campaigns, but 
Xh&prose was hard and tough. It was this prose of war that took 
the nation by surprise. But we had to read it without a rhyme. 
War was not that swift, sudden, smooth, triumphant excursion. 
War couldn't start at a signal, except on paper. It hadn't rifles. 
They had all been sent off South by official traitors. It gets its 
rifles, but it hasn't bayonets. It adds these and it is without 
artillery. This want is supplied and where are the horses 1 
Down came the droves of Vermont and Maine, and now alas, for 
ammunition — something blocks the wheels at every step. The 
cartridges are supplied — but, transportation ! 

Now then, " forward," but rations are lacking. Given 
the rations, once more, advance, but whither, upon what plan ? 
War hasn't one leader. It has fifty, envious, jealous, self-sufiicient, 
aspiring, ambitious, willing to see a defeat, which they could 
have intercepted, rather than a new star in a rival's crown. Or, 
if pure in love of country, disagreeing in the ordering of cam- 
paigns, perplexing themselves and one another, frittering away 
precious time, grand opportunities, delaying natural seasons. 
But let me transfer you now to the special scenes we are to re- 
call. The embarkation in Boston Harbor and voyage to North 
Carolina, we may " skip." Only if anybody thinks it is a pleasure 
trip to crowd nearly two thousand men into a single steam trans- 



310 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

port, sifting them down into the pitchy darkness at the bottom 
of the hold, packing them in horizontal strata like fixed geological 
formations or so many herring in a box, then bring upon the 
vessel the fury of a November storm, with driving rain and sleet, 
a rough sea, and hatches down, and ten days from port to port, 
I wish he might have tried it. The first sight of the strange 
hostile shore as our transport threaded the tortuous entrance of 
Beaufort Harbor, and the railway train bore us inland, made 
every heart homesick for dear New England. 

Those fields near our first camp lay before us like the wastes 
of Sahara, and when the wind blew, it was like the desert simoon, 
bearing on its bosom a withering cloud of sand in which one 
could neither wink nor breathe. The eye ached for a New England 
hill, for one green pasture field, for a single rocky ridge, for a 
nice side expanse of emerald meadow, a yard of grassy lawn, for 
anything homelike to break the monotony of level desolation. 
All of us felt, I believe, that if we were fighting for soil and not 
for ideas, there was nothing in that first view worth conquering or 
holding. One drop of Northern blood was too large a price for 
a million acres. It is true that in our expeditions toward the in- 
terior we saw a better natural soil, higher culture, fairer mansions, 
more thrift, more refinement and more comfort. 

New Berne itself, lying on a low sandy plain between the two 
rivers, was a pleasant town, with not a few really comfortable 
homes, broad streets (improved by Northern street commis- 
sioners, well shaded with elms, with gardens filled with fig trees, 
grape vines and roses, and yet this description applies to only 
the better part, and the gardens had other contents not so at- 
tractive to a New England e)^, cabins for the enslaved poor and 
black olive plants in nature's first simplicity. 

Three or four weeks after our arrival on the banks of the 
Trent, the routine of camp life well established, and some of us 
feeling perhaps that our experience was rather quiet and peace- 
ful for war time, there came an order one evening at our dress 
parade that the regiment should march in forty-eight hours with 
three days' cooked rations in haversacks, and seven days' un- 
cooked in their train. This broke in on the monotony of life in 



THE ROMANCE AND THE REALITY 317 

the barracks and the tent, and three cheers went up from the 
long enthusiastic line That was rather boyish and somewhat 
verdant. After that first expedition we never did it again. We 
knew better before long. The third morning after the order, 
our line was formed by the gray twilight that sifted down upon us 
at daybreak, through an overlying continent of fog. It is no light 
task, even with system and discipline, to start a small army and 
we did not number over fifteen thousand men. Gentlemen who 
sit at home and read the newspapers often wonder why soldiers 
don't move with more celerity — leap to arms— rush forth— make a 
. dash, pursue a retreating army as a staghound the deer, and 
show themselves generally nimble and lively. We had, as you 
may remember, an abundance of such comments upon army move- 
ments. Put a heavy rifle into a man's hands, load him down 
with sixty or a hundred rounds of cartridges, make him carry 
fifteen pounds of overcoat and blanket, bis rations for three days, 
and then halloo your staghound over ditches and hedges, through 
swamp and wilderness. He don't feel like it. He can't jump 
high, and stretch out fleet and far. He isn't a staghound, 
he is a pack-horse. The fact is our soldiers carried too much 
weight. The system was wrong. But the soldier was not respon- 
sible for that. Then there is a huge four-horse army wagon, a 
dozen, a score, half a hundred of them, loaded with rations for 
men, and provender for horses and extra ammunition ; these are 
not exactly flying machines. 

Here are hospital wagons filled up with stretchers on which 
to bear the wounded out of the fight, the use of which we soon 
enough learned. Here are ambulances, two wheeled, one-horse 
covered vehicles, heavy and lumbering, on stout elliptic springs 
and fitted with berths, in two stories for four wounded men. All 
these must be ready, provided with their accessories and appurten- 
ances and take their places in due time and order. It can't be 
hurried, you can't move such an army like a squad of light horse- 
men. You can't start them as a gentleman orders his trotter to 
the door with an open buggy. You think you are ready and a 
mule kicks over the traces and entangles the whole team inextri- 
cably, till chains are broken and leather cut and ropes parted. 



318 THE FORTY-FIFTU liEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Move on again. A pair of wheel horses balk and lie down in 
the mud. Start once more after half an hour's delay, there goes 
an axle in that deep rut. The freight must be shifted to wagons 
already overloaded, and the wreck lifted out of the single, only 
practicable track. Meanwhile the artillery has not come up. 
When will that regiment of cavalry mount ? Creep on a little, 
what now ? A dead halt. What's the trouble ? Nobody knows, 
or at least, nobody who will tell us. Forward at last. Ah, we 
see what the trouble was. A muddy creek had to be bridged, 
work for the pioneers, and here their axes have been patiently 
and skilfully toiling. 

From early dawn till twelve o'clock noon, we had made, 
how much do you guess — perhaps three miles and had just 
straightened our column, so that we could begin fairly to swing 
off on our march. But men must feed who march under weight. 
Indeed dinner is a convenience to gentlemen who don't march 
at all. Halt, again. Ah, my friends, if you don't know it, let 
me tell you that it is not easy swimming with cannon balls tied 
to your feet, nor running races with packs on your backs, nor 
marching promptly and swiftly with an army train to engineer 
on Southern highways. Will you march with us a little way ? 
The men are ordered to take the " route step," which is, in 
English, each man striding as best suits his instruments of loco- 
motion. The guns are borne on either shoulder, or strapped over 
the neck, as weariness or caprice dictates. The colonel of each 
regiment with perhaps the lieutenant-colonel and the adjutant 
rides in the van. The major, surgeon and chaplain ride in the 
rear. " Forward " over the low interminable levels. The road 
is a sandy cartpath, flanked on either side with the inevitable 
ditch. It dips every now and then into little swampy runs that 
spread out in the travelled path, sometimes for many rods, with 
a miry channel often in the centre, sometimes a corduroy bridge 
crosses the lazy stream, often there is nothing but a single 
slippery log spanning them at the roadside. The soldiers at first 
pick their way a little daintily. Their feet are dry and their 
stockings clean. It took sometime to learn all the secrets of 
economic marching, but this lesson came earliest, that avoiding 



THE ROMANCE AND THE REALITY 319 

difficulties always multiplied them. It came presently to be 
understood that the easiest way was straight through. 

The men lost time in going round, lost strength, fell 
behind and had to " double quick " to overtake the column. A 
few miles under such alternations of scrambling, plunging and 
running, all and always with the heavy weights loading them 
down, tell upon a soldier's strength. A slender boy, the pet of 
some careful mother, slackens his pace. It is well she can't see 
him as he looks now. " Ah — are you used up ?" '* Pretty nearly 
so." " Give^me your rifle up here, you will go lighter without it," 
and he starts forward with more elastic step. Another sits down 
by the roadside, face flushed, eyes looking hollow and desperate, 
a comrade pausing at his side. " What's the matter ?" " Feet 
have given out, sir, they are all blistered." "Get up into my 
saddlealittle while and rest them." Some more falling out. "What 
is it boys ?,' " Feel faint and sick." Then the surgeon speaks, 
" Wait till the wagons come up and take a little ride, then come 
on again as well as you can." So he writes them a pass for the 
wagons. Others are taken ill in other ways and the hospital 
knapsack is opened and such wayside remedies as we have, ad- 
ministered. All day long these scenes repeat themselves, draw- 
ing perpetually on our care and our sympathy. Some of the men, 
boys rather, we had no veterans, must return and give up the 
expedition. They were unfit to start. Their ambition was 
greater than their strength. They could not bear in their brave 
hearts that their comrades should be marching and fighting and 
they left behind. But they have to fall out and fall back. And 
still the word of cheer ring out over the staggering column : " For- 
ward men !" "Keep the ranks." "Close up," and every call 
lends new life to flagging steps, till at last the dusky twilight 
settles down upon the wood and the host, and the hope of pitch- 
ing camp soon buoys up drooping frames and spirits. 

We look ahead. Up the long avenue of the wood and above 
the treetops a ruddy light glows in the sky. It is not the linger- 
ing crimson of departed day. It is more like the lurid glare of a 
burning city. The pathway that rifts the forest, opens like a 



320 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

gate upon this flood of red ether. Soon our march emerges from 
the wood upon broad-cleared fields, and the sources of the wild 
illumination are given. 

A thousand watchfires are kindled in long lines stretching 
away from the roadside across the breadth of the clearing. 
Other regiments in advance of us have lit these fires. 

Into the deeper darkness on the margin of these lines of 
flame, our column, stumbling over corn ridges and bushes, and 
dipping suddenly into ditches, deep and wet, and coming up 
slimy and stained, is led. At last in the mid discomfort of soft bare 
earth, we halt. We, too, have reached our quarters for the night. 
Now, "stack arms" and then first for the materials whereof to 
make fires. But the fences for many a furlong are gathered 
already. We must go further for rails, and the wearied boys, yes 
and officers too, plod away into the blackness for pine rails. 
They make a glorious fire when you get them. Soon around 
these blazing pyramids the soldiers are grouped, drying their 
steaming garments, boiling tea and coffee, chatting, laughing, 
singing, as though all weariness and peril were at an end. The 
officers have other cares. \\'here is the forage for the horses ? 
In the wagon train. And where is the train ? Stuck in the mud 
miles back. When will it come up ? Certainly not, until after 
midnight. And our faithful dumb allies — must they starve 1 
Not, if we can gather anything for them. Again we tramp off 
into the darkness. At last we came upon a field of coarse, dry, 
sedgy grass, with a fibre as tough as that of grass. This we pull, 
lacerating our hands with the blackberry thorns that grow thickly 
in the midst of the grass, and our fasting studs eagerly welcome 
the unwonted repast. After a frugal supper from our haversacks, 
we spread our rubber blankets upon the cold moist earth, wrap 
ourselves in a woollen blanket, and with a saddle for a pillow, if 
we have one, if not we kick up a little pile of dirt and our feet 
toward the replenished fire, the night settling chill and damp 
around us. We take our last glance at the star, dim through the 
mist, and close our eyes in slumber. 

Of course the most absorbing scene of the soldier's life is 
battle. Five times in our brief campaign our march met the 



T[IE ROMANCE AND THE REALITY 321 

enemy. One of these engagements was near Kinston, a pleasant 
town on the banks of the Neuse, some thirty miles from New 
Berne. It had no very exciting features, perhaps, and yet it was 
memorable to us, as our first and sharpest fight, sweeping away 
nearly one entire company of our regiment. The Ninth New 
Jersey, a regiment of splendid fighters are ordered to penetrate 
the wood. They disappear under the leafy screen, and then the 
Forty-Fifth, our own regiment advances. Over us hummed and 
shrieked the deadly missiles from our own batteries. Upon our 
bosoms beat the leaden hail of rebel bullets, as, we, too, entered 
the wood. Then you looked upon the faces of your young men 
to see what countenances they carried into battle. The moment 
long, and variously anticipated, had come. This was war's grim 
reality. We entered upon the rear of the regiment in advance of 
us and then defiling to the right, plunged into the black, tangled 
swamp. Our first death came before the swamp received us. A 
round shot plunged its way through the lines, narrowly missing 
several files and dashing two gallant fellows dead to the ground. 
Not a man faltered. The cheeks, here and there, changed color. 
That was so in every battle. With some it was a paler, with others 
it was a swarthier hue. But look at the mouth and into the eye. 
The mouth was set in ominous sternness, lips, that mothers and 
sisters had kissed, were pressed together as though they would 
never part again, and the eye was bright with steady and resolute 
purpose. The music of rifle balls is in strange contrast with their 
deadly errand. It is a soft, low, singing tone, pleasant as a 
child's voice, keyed almost like a loving sigh. It isn't a music 
that pays much attention to time. The notes are now hurried 
and huddled, and now scattering and sparse, and always irregular. 
The serp&nt-like hissing and hoarse screech of a shell is a very 
different style. The forceful rush of a large solid shot is still 
another specialty. Our own rifles now take part in the chorus 
and the sharp sleet of minie balls heralds our steady advance. 
Little groups bending together show where a comrade has fallen. 
Thither with strong and willing helpers from the " band," 
the chaplain hastens to lift and bear out his wounded boys. A 
swallow of water from his canteen, or a swallow of spirit from the 



322 THE FORTY-FIFTU REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

flask he carries into action about his neck and a word of comfort 
in the ear, and he toils back with his living burden to lay it 
down at the surgeon's feet and hurries toward the front again. 
I think the idea of following duty shuts out fear. Wherever duty 
calls a man at such times feels that he may go, without raising 
the question of danger. If he is where he ought to be, and doing 
what he ought to do, he need'nt dodge. All this time we are 
nearing the hostile front, which sends us such harsh salutation. 
The question crowds closer, which shall yield, shall this line of 
ours retire broken and baffled, or shall that concealed torrent of 
fire be stemmed and turned back ? We cannot allow our flag to 
recede. At length we see our enemy. A deadlier storm greets 
us. A deadlier reply is sent back and then on our side bayonets 
are fixed. All of freshness and ardor he has ever known, gathers 
then upon a soldier's heart, and at the word " charge !" he leaps 
forward to the shock like a bolt of destiny. 

After the fellowship of strife, pleasant and tender were the 
meetings and salutings, the joy that so many are spared, that we 
could look into eyes undimmed and upon forms unsmitten. Sad 
and heavy the task of counting up our fallen, searching for them 
in wood and marsh and committing to the earth those that shall 
fight no more. Memorials of their loved ones are found upon 
their persons. 

Perhaps a Bible with a leaf turned down to such a passage 
as this, " Two men shall be in the field, one shall be taken and 
the other left." There are last words with the dying and their 
parting whispers hoarded up. The wounded are housed as well 
as the occasion will suffer, and night comes down with its heal- 
ing dews upon wearied eyelids and the trampled battlefield. 

A word or two concerning the return march as that has also 
its peculiar features. The men look upon one another as those 
who have been proved and have not been found wanting. Quiet, 
pale-faced striplings have turned out heroes. Individual instan- 
ces of daring come to be known and repeated. Some hands bear 
with them souvenirs of the march. A book, snatched from some 
rifled house, a bit of household decoration, a scrap of rebel writ- 
ing, some small piece of household furnishing to comfort a soldier's 
barrack. 



THE BOMANCE AND THE REALITY 323 

In the rear of the regimental column are led, perhaps, a 
dozen captured horses, though comparatively few such spoils fall 
into the hands of the infantry. Our mounted warriors for the 
most part, sweep this sort of plunder clean. Foraging of any kind 
behind cavalry boys is proverbially unremunerative. In the 
midst of the closing company of the column moves a squad of 
rebel prisoners, not uniformed save in the inevitable butternut 
colored stuff, which seems the staple costume. They are long, 
lean, brown, lank, hairy and dirty. They are, however, social 
enough and converse freely about the war. Another feature of 
the return march is a procession of "contrabands," men, women 
and children, in strangest medley of rags, but with a kind of 
earnest and solemn joy on their faces, that make them look sub- 
lime. " Are you a slave ?" you ask of one. " Yes, Massa, not 
now. No, bress de Lord." " Where are you going? " "Going 
to New Berne." "What for .-'" " O, we tought as de sogers 
was a gwine, we mout as well jine now, didn't know as de good 
time come again." So they followed the flag and saw its bright 
folds streaming over them, red with the flames of their morning, 
Freedom's star leading them on. 

In the rear of the regiment ride our wounded in ambulances, 
suffering, but cheerful and brave. They bear the jolts and 
lurches of their unwieldy carriages, without a murmur, sometimes 
asking us to raise from across them the leg or arm of a friend 
patient that presses their wounds, sometimes announcing that 
the comrade next them had ceased to breathe, and suggesting 
that the face of the dead man be lifted a little apart from their 
own. I shall have accomplished my purpose in these sketches if 
they shall serve at all to make the actual life of the soldier more 
distinct and vivid. What we ought to commemorate is not 
simply the soldier's death, but his toils, his marches, all that he 
suffered and wrought under the flag, before, to his dying eye, its 
stars were blended with the lamps of heaven. All the land over 
these private memorials ought to be gathered and written, until 
they are held within the memory of the living. 

One of the pleasantest scenes of camp life was always the 
arrival of a mail from the North. The camp swarmed. A strip- 



324 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

ling son of mine, a private in the regiment, was postmaster. 
" Stand back, boys, give us room to sort the letters." This is 
done by companies in the chaplain's tent, ten boxes for the ten 
companies of the regiment. Outside a crowd of eager voices are 
communing. Within, the work goes silently and swiftly on. A 
thousand, perhaps two thousand letters are each to be handled 
and their superscription read. Every now and then one who 
cannot wait longer, without a crumb of comfort, will push half 
his face in, and ask beseechingly, " Frank, do you see any for 
me ?" When an affirmative answer can be given there is a little 
jubilee outside. At length each has his own, and the camp is 
full of tender silence for half an hour, while misty eyes are follow- 
ing the familar characters of loved fingers. 

A letter from home saves the soldier from despondency, it 
saves him from temptation, it saves him from vice and ruin. If 
none seem to care for him, if amid the chorus of epistolary saluta- 
tions, no friendly voice falls upon his ear, he will cease to care for 
himself, grow reckless and riotous, or sick and desperate. A 
stroke of your pen would have saved him. It is well enough to 
pray for him, but if you pray so much you can't write, I think it 
would be better to cut down the prayer a little, and leave room 
for the other. 

Half a mile from our last camp on the banks on the Neuse, 
just before we left, there shot up the white tents of the First 
Regiment of North Carolina Colored Volunteers, under the com- 
mand of Colonel James Bucher. The problem whether these 
newly enfranchised freedmen could be converted into serviceable 
recruits was speedily solved. The National uniform was as a 
magic robe to them and they straightened up and stood erect in it, 
at once men and soldiers. The touch of the rifle as their hands 
clasped it seemed to fill their veins with electric life. The new 
style of address so different from their ears had ever heard 
before, "Attention, Battalion!" Load, Prime, Ready ! — Fix Bayo- 
nets ! Charge Bayonets ! transformed them from slaves to war- 
riors. Their drill was not one whit behind the manual of 
white regiments. The colored women of New Berne, stimulated 
by a word read in their hearing which had been spoken by the 
Governor of this Commonwealth at the presentation of a regi- 



THE ROMANCE AND THE REALITY 325 

mental flag, contributed themselves a hundred dollars, and pur- 
chased for their brethren a set of silken colors. That regiment 
went to Morris Island, where colored valor asserted itself on the 
dark and slippery parapet of Fort Wagner, and answered, once 
for all, the question whether colored soldiers can flght, and where 
a gallant colonel of Massachusetts lies in a grave, meant as an 
insult to his memory by the hands that dug and filled it, but 
which neither marble nor bronze could have made more honorable 
than the companion dust of those twenty-five colored heroes, 

My own faith in the victorious issue of our cause never for 
one moment faltered. I never believed that God put the fate of 
this great nation into the hands of rebels, nor that instead of a 
broad, free Republic, he meant to rear here, on the ruins of the 
Republic and the neck of the African, a column of despotism. 

When the war broke out, there stood on Shackleford Island, 
off the coast of North Carolina, in the midst of a thinly scattered 
and disloyal population, a tall flag pole on which, before the days 
of treason, the Stars and Stripes had been given to the breeze. 
Of course the sacred banner was torn down, and the new ensign 
fluttered in its place. But the pole was surmounted by a carved 
and gilded eagle. That was too national an emblem to be 
suffered to remain. An expert climber reached it and brought it 
down, and it was ignominiously buried in the ground. Scarce 
was the ceremony ended when there was heard the rush of lordly 
wings and a live eagle came sailing over and alighted on the deso- 
late staff. The marksmen brought out their rifles, and bullet after 
bullet was sent aloft at the kingly visitant. But he only plumed 
his wings in contempt, or rose a few feet into the air, and then 
defiantly resumed his perch, until the riflemen with reason super- 
stitious forbore to fire Then the royal bird spread his pinions 
again and rose in slow gyrations to the topmost bough of a 
monarch pine near by, a hundred feet higher in air, than his 
gilded counterfeit had shone. So shall it be with our own eagle 
of empire and destiny. Its symbols may be desecrated and pro- 
faned. Itself may be the target of treason's murderous aim. 
But out of the tumult and out of the smoke of unnatural war it 
shall soar unharmed, with a broader sweep and to a lordlier 
height in the serene blue of heaven. 




€]^e jHcDical and Surgical ?i^tpartmcnt 
anD ^ambulance Corpjs. 

BY DR. SAMUEL KNEELAND, SURGEON OF THE FORTY-FIFTH MASSA- 
CHUSETTS REGIMENT. 

LTHOUGH the Forty-Fifth Regiment Massachusetts 
Volunteer Militia was enlisted for only nine months, 
it did its full share of the work of dislodging the 
Confederates from coasts and harbors of North Car- 
olina. While they were an exceptionally fine set of men, physic- 
ally and morally considered, they were not proof against bullet 
or disease, and the contents of this chapter will show how many 
of them laid down their lives to save the Union. Their work, 
even if of brief duration, was well and conscientiously done, and 
at a time of especial need, where, it was thought, and perhaps, 
with justice, had there been less delay and more energy in strik- 
ing heavy blows that the conflict would be ended in less than a 
year from their enlistment. My experience with them was of the 
most pleasant character, and their continued warm friendship, I 
prize highly. 

In February, 1862, I was detailed with other medical officers 
by Surgeon-General Dale of Massachusetts to proceed to Roanoke 
Island, and join General Burnside's forces and replace one of the 
four disabled surgeons. 

While serving at the Hammond Hospital, Beaufort, North 
Carolina, I received on October 7th, 1862, the following letter 
from Surgeon-General Dale. 



Office of Surgeon General. 

Boston, Sept. 27, 1862. 
Doctok: 

You are offered the surgeoncy of the Cadet Regiment for nine 
months' service. Will you accept? Answer immediately, and if you 

3-26 



THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL DEPARTMENT 327 

accept, state the earliest possible moment when you will return to Bos- 
ton to enter upon your duties. The Regiment is now in camp at Read- 
ville. 

Yours Wm. J. Dalk, 

Surgeon-General. 

This letter I at once referred to the Medical Director of 
the Department who endorsed it, as follows : 

Headquarteks Depaktment of North Carolina. 

Oct. 7, 1862. 
Dr. Kneeland has the consent of the Medical Director to avail him- 
self of this offer at the earliest moment and will notify him by letter at 
once, that he terminates his contract. 

F. G. Snelling, 
Surgeon U. S. Vols., Med. Director. 

Losing no time I sailed for Boston from New Berne, arriv- 
ing after a very stormy passage on October 15th, and reported 
at once to Dr. Dale, and went to the Readville Camp, where I 
was introduced to Colonel Codman. I received my commission 
on the 21st, and was mustered into the United States service 
on the 28th. Dr. J. B. Treadwell, Assistant-Surgeon, slept in 
camp on the 28th, and I held first surgeon's call the next 
morning. 

The Regiment broke camp at Readville November 5th, and 
on arriving in Boston was escorted by the Independent Corps of 
Cadets to the Common where two flags were presented by Gover- 
nor Andrew, and a collation served. 

On the steamer Mississippi., I occupied a stateroom with the 
Chaplain, Rev. Dr. A. L. Stone, and Dr. Treadwell. The next 
day was cold, windy and rainy, the men were very uncomfortable 
in their close, dark, dirty and hot quarters below ; the steamer 
was waiting for the gunboat Huron to escort and protect her. 
The storm continued for four days, and the sea was so rough that 
much seasickness prevailed ; whiskey was served all round to 
warm and cheer the justly exasperated men. 

Having had some months previous experience on gunboats 
crowded with soldiers, I at once saw that vigorous measures must 
quickly be taken to diminish the number on board, and to cleanse 



328 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. 3/. 

the ship, or a serious epidemic would soon follow in such 
crowded quarters and such foul air, without adequate means for 
ventilation and cleanliness. On representing this to the colonel, 
he at once sent me to Boston to inform the Governor and Sur- 
geon-General Dale of the dangerous condition of the overcrowded 
ship. As a result of this remonstrance, a partial, but insufficient 
relief was obtained by the removal of three hundred men. The 
Convoy was now anchored near by us and ready to sail. 

On the 9th, the gale increased and the weather was cold with 
snow at night and was in every way uncomfortable. Dr. Dale 
came down and seeing for himself the overcrowded state of 
things sent off five hundred men of the Forty-Sixth Regiment to 
Boston by the steamer Saxon. Whiskey was again served to the 
men all round with happy results. 

Monday, November 10, was clear and cold. Lanterns, 
buckets, mops, and shovels having been supplied by friends in 
the city, the cleaning up began in earnest, and scores of bucket- 
loads of filth of all descriptions were brought up from the hold 
and dumped overboard, and a general and thorough purification 
carried out. That the men escaped serious disease was most for- 
tunate, and that they behaved with moderation, penned up as 
they were in such quarters, because someone had blundered, 
showed their good sense and self-respect. After the cleaning 
thirty-four barrels of apples and other fruits and vegetables were 
sent to our ship, by Swampscott fishermen in one of their fishing 
vessels, commanded by Captain Miles Blanchard. These sup- 
plies were most gratefully received and were a very healthful 
present. 

Lying on and off in the rough seas, the work of transferring 
the supplies to our ship was difficult, but the plucky fishermen 
proved themselves equal to the task. Before sailing one hundred 
and fifty men were put on board, being a gain of six hundred 
and fifty on the first number assigned, a great relief both for 
comfort and health. The steamers Mississippi, Merriitiac and 
Saxon, with their convoy gunboat Huron sailed about 5 P. M. 

We took our breakfast next morning, the 11th, after a quiet 
night off Gay Head, the convoy boat being so slow, that we had to 



THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL DEPARTMENT 329 

slacken our speed to allow her to come up, thus unnecessarily 
prolonging the inevitable discomforts of the men. 

On the 14th we sighted the Cape Lookout shore, and went 
into Beaufort about 1 P. M., sticking in the mud for a time on 
the way. The Regiment landed at Morehead City, our left wing 
passing the night in a large warehouse in New Berne, which town 
we reached after dark by rail on freight cars. The right wing 
went into camp on the Fair Grounds in hastily pitched tents, 
sleeping on the ground. This camp was near that of the Forty- 
Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, the members of which kindly 
provided supper and breakfast for us. 

On the 15th of November, the regiment was quartered in bar- 
racks near the river Trent, about three miles from New Berne on 
a barren, dreary, sandy plain looking like a hot bed for epidemic 
diseases. The officers were in tents, sleeping at first on boughs 
on the sand. There were two other regiments encamped near us, 
guarding a bridge of some importance. The men were delighted 
to get into Dixie's land, exchanging gladly the long confine- 
ment of a crowded ship, even for this unwholesome and uninvit- 
ing region. The regiment was well housed as far as exposure to 
rain was concerned, but the boards were green and damp, and 
the chimneys were unfinished ; though the days were fine and 
warm, the nights were cold even to the formation of thin ice. 
These sudden changes soon began to tell upon health, and in 
less than a week, sixty-two reported sick, mostly from diarrhoea, 
colds and rheumatism from the bad water and the damp lumber 
of the barracks. 

I wrote to Major Hoffman about the regiment going to Beau- 
fort, until their quarters could be rendered more habitable, but 
without avail. Dr. Treadwell was detailed by Colonel Amory to 
take charge of the sick of the Seventeenth Massachusetts for a 
few days. Medical supplies were soon exhausted, and it was ten 
days before I could get a small amount of those most needed from 
the Medical Purveyor. The great changes between the tempera- 
ture of the day and night were very bad for the sick, and hard to 
bear for the well. 

To meet the demands I was forced to borrow some necessary 



330 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

medicines from Dr. Babbitt at the Stanley Hospital at New 
Berne, and some bedsteads were promised for the most sick, but in 
the absence of these, it became expedient to send the latter to the 
Stanley Hospital where they could obtain better care, food, and 
surroundings, than in a newly organized camp, liable at any mo- 
ment to be disturbed and broken up, by contemplated expeditions. 
Among the patients thus sent was Lieutenant Edward B. Rich- 
ardson of Company A, who was suffering from a painful neuralgic 
affection of the thigh aggravated by the cold damp air of the 
tents. 

Early in December, the Regimental Hospital was moved 
into the barracks of a company that had been detailed for spec- 
ial service, and this was well suited for the prevailing diseases. 
I requested permission from Dr. Galloupe to use a portion of his 
Brigade Hospital for the Forty-Fifth, and to attend them myself, 
but this was not granted. The hospital tents not being wanted, 
were used for mess-tents. During the first week in December, as 
the regiment was to go on the expedition to Goldsboro, seven 
men were sent to the Stanley Hospital. The cold was such that 
ice an inch thick formed in the night. 

The regiment started on the expedition to Goldsboro on the 
11th of December, and returned to Camp Amory on the 21st. 
On the next day there were eighty-two at surgeon's call, suffer- 
ing mostly from colds, rheumatism, and the various laming effects 
of the long and hard march, and ten days exposure. 

On the 23rd there were one hundred and five sick, the sus- 
taining excitement of the expedition having been followed by 
the inevitable reactionary depression ; the sick-list continued 
large for a week, though there was no serious case, until the first 
week in January. The comfort of the sick was greatly increased 
by some much needed slippers for hospital use, which I obtained 
from Dr. Page of the United States Sanitary Commission in New 
Berne. 

In January there were many cases of miasmatic origin, with 
a tendency to brain disturbance ; and a few displayed the type 
of the epidemic which was called cerebro spinal meningitis, as 
it was evident that the membranes at the base of the brain 



THE MEDICAL AND i<URGICAL DEPARTMENT 331 

were the seat of the trouble. This disease was rapidly fatal, 
destroying life in twenty-four hours ; beginning with chills and 
fever, it soon became an inflammation as shown by the pain at the 
upper part of the neck, delirium, convulsions, and rigidity. It 
resisted all treatment, even the most vigorous, and all the cases 
which were accompanied by delirium and rigidity proved fatal ; 
these were George H. Bearse and Elijah H. Wellington of Com- 
pany D, and Charles C. Holmes of Company H, who died respec- 
tively January 3rd, 7th, and 24th, 1863. I thought at the time that 
it was due to the influence of the new lumber used in the construc- 
tion of the hospital and barracks, but it is now my opinion, that 
it was due to the minute vegetable organism, microbes or bacte 
ria, which, under certain favorable conditions, swarm and multi- 
ply in air, water and soil, especially in regions and seasons where 
marshes and river beds and banks, are alternately wet and dry, 
and where excavations are made in the earth in preparing camps 
and their accessories. Our camp was well cared for, and the sinks 
were free from noxious effluvia ; in fact it is now generally ad- 
mitted that the so-called miasmata are not gases, but germs float- 
ing in the air, or carried in the water. It must be remembered 
that it was the winter season when the air is comparatively dry 
and when the low state of the rivers exposed their banks to its 
drying influence, affording the most favorable conditions for the 
increase and transportation of these microscopic germs. Whether 
taken into the drinkable water, or inhaled from the air or touch- 
ing the warm moist surfaces of the mouth and air passages, 
they found a suitable place for development and rapidly multiplied. 
In this way they gained access to the blood, and caused death 
either by the rapid growth of their spores which attack and dis- 
organize the red globules, or by the generation of so-called pto- 
maines, the result and course of putrefaction and decomposition 
producing a poison of great virulence. 

Early in January I was ordered to send the sick, except 
transient cases, to the General Hospital, accordingly George E. 
Fox, of Company A was sent to the Foster Hospital, where he 
died the next day, and Joseph B. Morey of Company H to the 
Stanley Hospital where he died February 15th. Sergeant Charles 



332 THE FOIITY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

E. Hickling of Company B was sent to the Stanley Hospital sick 
with fever; he remained there until February 19th, when he was 
taken home by his father. Such was the prevalence of chills at 
this time and the danger of their being developed into intermit- 
tent fever, that those doing guard duty at night, were required to 
take three grains of quinine at 7 p.m. This was not relished by 
some who had overweening confidence in their power to resist 
disease, and to placate them, the bitter was mixed with the sweet 
in the shape of whiskey ; this sop to Cerberus was generally taken 
without a murmur for they loved quinine less, but whiskey more- 
(Shakespeare amended to suit the case. ) 
Just before the Expedition to Pollocksville January 16th, 
James W. Merrill, of Company F was taken sick, and sent to 
Hospital, where he died January 20th. After the return from 
this Expedition very few were sick, notwithstanding the heavy 
march back to Newbern in the drenching rain. On January 22d 
I was ordered to furlough our wounded; accordingly Benjamin 
F. Hoar, Company D, Edward McKnight, Company F, wounded 
at Kinston, and Corporal Luther F. Allen, Company A, Corporal 
George H. White, Company E, and Sergeant Wm. J. Tillson, 
Company F, wounded at Whitehall, were sent home. At this 
time the general health of the regiment was good and the sick 
were well cared for by their convalescent comrades, and the 
regimental nurses. 

The morning of December 14, 1S62, was a beautiful, sunny 
and quiet Sunday, soon to be disturbed by the roar of artillery 
and the crack of rifles bearing messengers of death and wounds 
to many of our comrades. Having no positive orders to remain 
behind I kept my post in the rear of the regiment and followed 
it with our chaplain, Rev. Dr. A. L. Stone and our Ambulance 
Corps into the hottest of the fight. In going through the swamp 
I was afoot, toiling along with the rest, when suddenly my 
advance was checked from below ; one of my spurs got entangled 
in the roots which ran through the mud in all directions. I was 
held as in a vice, and soon found that the choice was between 
losing my boot, or my spur, and I wisely chose the latter, being 
forced to cut the straps. I thus got loose and that Yankee spur 



THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL DEPARTMENT 333 

may, at some future time be dug up and kept as a precious 
souvenir by the archeologists of the 20th Century. I was pres- 
ent at the battle of Newbern (eight months before), but the 
sights of that Sunday battle of Kinston more than equalled them. 
I saw two of our regiment in front of me, whose heads were 
knocked completely off, and one poor fellow, not of our regiment, 
the whole of whose lower face with lower jaw had been carried 
away. Lieut. J. Frank Emmons received a cut on the cheek 
which wound I dressed for him, in a semi-recumbent position. 
Had the rebel bullets come a foot lower, our loss would have been 
very great. The music was not exhilarating but it lasted until 
nearly noon, when the enemy began to retreat at all points. I 
saw no other surgeon in the fight. The action began suddenly 
As it was, I rashly exposed myself. Dr. Stone and the Hospital 
Corps to great and unexpected danger. I seized a house in 
Kinston after the battle for the sick and wounded and slept for 
awhile during the night on a bed, a luxury I had not enjoyed 
for a long time Assistant Surgeon J, B. Treadwell has else- 
where given the loss of our regiment at Kinston. Companies D 
and H suffered the most, and Companies B and F the least. I 
remember one case, I think it was Corporal Charles L. Ingraham 
of Company H, who was mortally wounded by a bullet which 
entered near the neck and passed out at the groin. Knowing 
that he could not live, he expressed no regret that his life was to 
be thus cut short, but simply requested that opiates might be 
given him to deaden the pain. As he now lay on the ground, 
head to the enemy, any bullet which struck "would be likely to 
produce a fatal wound, either of the head, or chest or a penetrat. 
ing wound of the abdomen and bowels. At the Battle of White- 
hall, December 16, I established my hospital in a hollow, over 
which the shells howled frequently, and one shot plunged among 
us, killing one man close by. I thought it prudent to change my 
position rather suddenly and in so doing left behind my very 
useful surgeon's scissors, which were recovered by Private John 
D. Whitcomb, who was my hospital attendant, as stated, from 
the Ambulance Corps. I saw some other surgeons in the hollow. 
Next day the 45th occupied the dangerous position of rear 



334 TrrE forty-fifth regiment, m. -v. m. 

guard, the enemy coining in behind us, but not attacking. On the 
ISth I was detached from the regiment, and placed in charge of the 
Ambulance Train to convey the wounded to Newbern. Nothing 
could be done for the poor fellows, in such a rapid journey in an 
enemy's country, liable at any moment to be attacked, but the 
simplest and probably the best dressings of their wounds keeping 
up their strength and courage by stimulants, and procuring a 
certain amount of sleep and freedom from pain by opiates. It 
was a terribly rough journey, but the painful jolts and shakings 
were borne without a murmur, with that stoical courage which I 
have before alluded to as accompanying, in the Anglo Saxon race, 
especially wounds, in which they took pride, a remnant of the 
old Viking character of our ancestors, who regarded death on the 
field of battle, an honor and passport to heaven. This Ambu- 
lance train was on the road all day of the 19th and reached 
Newbern in advance of the column, before sunset of the 20th ; 
the wounded were all safely placed in the Hospital. 

According to the statements of a rebel prisoner the fire of 
the 45th first caused them to retreat at Kinston, and we were, as 
proved by our loss of 19 killed and nearly 60 wounded, in the 
hottest of the fire. Our brigade was the only one engaged, 
except General Wessels, reports to the contrary, notwithstanding, 
and our loss was from 8 companies only. 

On the Expedition to Pollocksville, I took a deserted house, 
started a good fire, and made the few sick very comfortable, 
though we all had to sleep on the floor, as we were outside our 
pickets and might easily have been gobbled up, had the enemy 
been there. 

DOVER CROSS ROADS. 

On April 27th we left Newbern and marched 20 miles towards 
Kinston, but found no enemy. On the 29th we engaged a rebel 
force at Dover Cross' Roads. Henry M. Putney of Company F 
was killed in this action, and four were wounded, viz : Corporal 
George C. Richards of Company E, Captain Joseph Murdoch of 
Company G, — Judson F Ames of Company K and Corporal 
Wm. F. Lentner of Company K. 



THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL DEPARTMENT 335 

This makes a total of 20 killed and 57 wounded of which I 
have a record, and 21 more died of the various diseases incident 
to the climate, making more than 40, whose bones remain in 
North Carolina soil, and two others died on their way home. 

While doing Provost Duty at Newbern a large amount of 
most welcome hospital stores were received from some young 
ladies of Boston, the gift being acknowledged to Miss Cumston, 
also, from the father of Captain Thomas B. Wales, a box of wines 
and brandy for the use of the sick. On February I there were 
46 on the sick list and 10 wounded. February 7 our Colonel 
received some severe bruises by a fall from his horse, and was 
obliged in consequence to remain quiet in quarters for a few days. 
On February 10, George Brooks, of Company, A died. Dr. 
Lothrop who left for Boston on the 18th of February, carried a 
request for medicines for the Hospital ; soon after many useful 
articles were received for the hospital from Lincoln, Mass. through 
Sergeant James A. Walker of Company D. 

At the end of this month there were in hospital 33 sick and 
one wounded. On March 15th I was appointed Post Surgeon, 
and commenced by inspecting barracks and visiting the jail. 

In the middle of April, one of Company D's men was pros- 
trated, and several were more or less benumbed, by lightning 
during a severe thunderstorm. Dr. Treadwell who had looked 
sick for some time went home on furlough April 16th. I received 
an ambulance knapsack from Dr. J. Mason Warren, of Boston, 
April 19th. I examined stragglers from Pennsylvania regiments 
at Fort Anderson, on the other side of the Neuse, for duty, or 
the hospital. April 25, the regiment was relieved of Provost 
Duty, though I was ordered to remain as Post Surgeon, until my 
successor was appointed. 

Provost duty is always considered a responsible and honor- 
able one, and during our term of service, was held by the 17th, 
23d, 45th and 44th Massachusetts Regiments. During the attack 
on Newbern, March 14th and the siege of Little Washington, 
N. C, and from the 17th to the 20th of April the 45th, one 
or two New York regiments and the garrisons of the forts 
were the only troops in Newberne. ) Colonel Codman was in 



336 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. * 

command of the city. Our next Camp, Massachusetts, near 
Fort Spinola, was in a comparatively cool and pleasant place, 
except for the plague of a fine and penetrating dust which cov- 
ered everything, and was very irritating to the eye and air pas- 
sages. Officers, as well as men were in tents. The camp 
regularly laid out in avenues, planted with pine boughs, and tents 
raised on stockades four feet from the ground was rather a pretty 
sight, and the sanitary arrangements were good. Near the river 
was a small grove, with a few houses, where I located the regi- 
mental hospital, in a really charming and shady place. The 
health of the regiment was good, and there were no complaints 
except diarrhoea from sudden changes. All the ten companies 
were once more together on April 80th. New medical stores were 
received, and there were in hospital 30 sick, and 3 wounded. 
May 7th Dr. Siddall sent strawberries to the regiment, resulting 
in many cases of diarrhoea, a well meant, but mistaken kindness. 
Dr. Treadwell returned, and I was ordered to take charge of the 
Campfor convalescents : the next day I was appointed on a Sani- 
tary Board with Dr. Delamater and Captain N. Willis Bumstead 
of Company D. We began by inspecting quarters ; reporting to 
Dr. Snelling, Medical Director. May 28th Theodore F. Russell, 
of Company F died of a diphtheritic inflammation of throat ; and 
the last of May there were 47 sick and wounded in hospital. 
During the first half of June, the Sanitary Board inspected 
houses, yards, streets and negro quarters, abating many nuisances 
and breeders of disease, and thinning out the denizens of the 
crowded and ill ventilated tenements. June 21st, G. Dudley 
Blaney of Co. E and Charles H. Manning of Company G, died 
of typhoid fever. The typhoid type were increasing in number 
and severity, and I picked out the men of our regiment to take 
home with us, the risk to life being greater to remain in Newbern 
than to take the voyage home. June 24 was a sunny and hot 
day, and we left camp at 8 a. m. for Morehead City, embarking 
on the steamers S. R. Spaulding and Tillie for Boston. The sick 
became cheerful, under the pleasing thought that they were going 
home. Some were quite ill, but as I have said I thought they 
could endure the discomforts of the voyage, better than to be 



THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL DEPARTMENT 337 

left behind in hospital. Ample provision had been made for 
their care, and the result proved satisfactory, as only two, Nor- 
man Hastings, of Company C, and William B. Price of Company 
E died, the former from internal bleeding, and the latter from 
exhaustion, both having been brought on board with but little hope 
of their reaching land. Arriving at Fortress Munroe, the Col- 
onel went on shore and tendered the services of the regiment, 
although its time had expired ; the offer was declined, as the 
number of sick from malarial fevers indicated that it was best 
for them to continue .their voyage to Boston. I went on shore to 
obtain food and medicines. June 30th the regiment landed, 
marched to Boston Common where a reception was held, thence 
to Readville where the men were furloughed until July 6. I 
spent this day packing up my medical stores, which were trans- 
ferred to Captain McKim and Lieutenant Pierson at Readville. 
Here ends my connection with the 45th Regiment. Very many 
officers and men re-enlisted for the war. Among others I did 
the same. After examination in Washington, D. C. I entered the 
Army as Surgeon of Volunteers, and was sent to the Department 
of the Gulf, then under command of General Nathaniel P. Banks. 
I reported to his Adjutant General, and to Medical Director 
Alexander, U. S. A , September 30th, 1863, and was assigned to 
duty at the Barracks Hospital in New Orleans. There I 
remained until the discontinuance of that hospital in May, 1865, 
when I was put in charge of the Marine General Hospital, 
Mobile, Alabama ; where I remained until Feb. 6, 1866, when 
I was mustered out of the service, with the rank of Brevet Lieut. 
Colonel, U. S. Volunteers. Since my return to civil life I have 
been secretary and professor of Zoology and Physiology in the 
Mass. Institute of Technology for 12 years; since 1879 I have 
devoted myself to literary and scientific pursuits and lecturing 
after my travels in various parts of the globe. 



338 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Letter of Dr. J. Brackett Treadwell, Assistant-Suryeon Forty-FiftJi 
Begiment, M. V. M., to the Boston Journal. 

FiEi.1) Hospital, [2^ miles from] 

KiNSTON, N. C, Decem-bev 16tli, 1862. 
To the Editor of the Boston Journal: 

I send you a list of tbe wounded and also of the killed, so far as 
known, of the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia at the Battle 

of Kinston, which was fought on Sunday, December 11th In tliat 

battle the rebels numbered between three thousand and four thousand 
men, and were commanded by General Evans. Our loss is about fifty 
killed and two hundred wounded, belonging mostly to the Tenth Con- 
necticut, which lost about one hundred; the Ninth New Jersey, about 
fifty; the Forty-Fifth Massachusetts about forty-five, and the remainder 
to Wessell's Brigade. The fire of the rebels was most deadly, and had 
they used conical instead of round bullets, the wounds of our men would 
have been of a vastly more serious nature. The rebel loss was less than 
half our own. Our men owing to the character of the ground, fired too 
high and too far to the right. The fire from our "Parrott," and"Weard" 
guns was most terrific. The woods through which the shot passed bear 
full evidence of this. 

The veterans of Wessell's Brigade, who went through the Peninsu- 
lar Campaign, and those of other regiments who fought at Roanoke 
Island and New Berne, testify that they have never before experienced 
such appalling and terrific fire, as was poured into our ranks at the 
short but bloody battle of Kinston. 

The sons of Massachusetts in the Forty-Fifth Regiment have vindi- 
cated the ancient honor of their native state. Theyfaltered not even in 
their first engagement, as the record of the bloody day fully proves. 

Colonel Codman was always in front of his line cheering on his 
men, and in one instance was actually pulled back, so great was his 
danger, by one of his own officers. 

Many acts of individual bravery might be mentioned: one only is 
sufficient. 

Private Frank Brooks, Company I, while being borne from the field 
severely wounded, shot a rebel who was lurking in the woods. 

Obstructions in the river prevented the ascent of our gun-boats in 
season to aid in the fight. 

Immediately after the firing commenced I was detailed to take 
charge of a hospital just in the rear of the field. The wounded began 
to come in and soon exceeded one hundred in number —two other hos- 
pitals receiving the i-emainder. We are to take the wounded to New 
Berne in gunboats. 



LETTER OF J. BBACKETT TREADWELL 339 



-Thursday the 18th. 



The name of this town is often improperly written Kingston. It 
should be Kinston. Many of the rebel prisoners who were paroled after 
the battle of Kinston, have been again taken prisoners during the 
actions at Whitehall and Goldsboro. No means of transporting- the 
wounded to New Berne have been provided. We hope however, to go 
down tomorrow. 

List of casualties in the Forty-PMfth Regiment, Massachusetts Vol- 
unteer Militia at the battle of Kinston, December 14th, 1862. 

WOUNDED. 

Company A.— T. Parker, thigh, severely; Edmund W. Buss, face 
slightly; Horace Holmes, shoulder, severely ; Elbridge Graves, shoulder 
and lung, dangerously, died December I7th. 

Company B.— F. M. Lovell, shoulder, slightly; H. C. Ray, side 
slightly. 

Company D. — G. Perkins, Jr., hip, not severely: T. L. Mercer, neck 
slightly; C. Savi le, head slightly; J. P. Foss, shoulder, slightly; T. C. 
Evans, both hands one finger off, leg severely; Corporal S. H. Nye, 
head, slightly; W- K. Wright, contusion, slight; F. W. Childs, hand, 
not seriously ; S. Butters, thigh, slightly; Corporal G. Edmands, neck, 
not seriously; H. F. Benson, spine, seriously; A. H. Young, ankle, 
severely; G.E.Hart, back, slightly; Corporal G. Simons, neck, con 
fusion, slight; Freeman H. Lothrop, slight. 

Company F. — E. McKnight, arm, severely. 

Company H — S. Gibbs, shoulder; O. Coffin, thigh, severely; Cor- 
poral J. W. Rand, left arm and right thigh, amputated; A. Mansfield, 
knee sprained ; F.Turner, thigh, not badly ; T. B. Folger,neck, slightly ; 
Corporal C. L. Ingraham, abdomen, dangerously; died December 1.5th; 
D. Hall, back, severely; W. H. Maroy, thigh, severely; Corporal S. H. 
Ellis, contusion, slight; G. K. Robinson, neck, dangerously; died De- 
cember 18th; H. Hewett, contusion, slight. 

Company I. — A. Brooks, abdomen, dangerously; died December 
16th; F. Brooks, thigh, severely; B. H. Rockwood, foot, severely ; ,J. 
Henry Blanchard, thigh, slightly. 

Company K. — Sergeant W. M. Goodrich, shoulder, severely; A. 
A. Merrill, shoulder, severely ; J. Sherman, face, severely; A. Parlin, 
shoulder and lung, dangerously; died December 18th. 

Total number wounded forty-one. 



Company B. — S. Richards, by shell. 
Company D. — Bassett, by shell. 



340 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Company E. — Williams shot through head ; E. R. Clark, shot 
through head. 

Company K. — William Cooper, W. H. Parker. 
Company I. — J. Murphy, shot through head. 
Company H. — E. Daggett, by shell. 
Whole number killed eight. 

AT BATTLE OF WHITEHALL, DECEMBER 16tH. 
WOUNDED. 

Company A. — Corporal Luther F. Allen, neck, not seriously. 

Company D. — Sergeant W. L. Wellman, not seriously; J. Wilson, 
wrist, severely. 

Company E. — N.E. Symes, face, not seriously; G. A. White, leg, not 
seriously; O. Cushman, shoulder, slightly; Nevins, arm. 

Company F. — Sergeant G. F. Tillson, head, not seriously; A. 
Poland. 

Total wounded nine. 



Company E. — T. Donnelly, shot through head. 

Company H. — Color-Sergeant, Theodore Parkman, shot through 
head. 

Company I. — Boedman. 

Total number killed, three. 

None of those wounded marked "severely " are considered danger- 
ous. The wounded are comfortably situated in the General Hospitals 
at New Berne. 

None of the otiicers were injured with the exception of Lieutenant 
Emmons, who received a slight contusion of the head at Kinston. 

The wounded are doing well. Corporal Rand, Company H, being the 
only one who is considered in a dangerous condition. 

J. Bkackett Tbeadwell, 
Assistant Surgeon Forty-Fifth Regiment, M. V- M. 




MISS SUSAN D. MESSENGER 




0^cmoricj3 of /8ctt) T5erut— and t^t ^a^mc\)n- 
mt^ fortrfift]^. 

BY SUSAN D. MESSINGER. 

HEN in November, 1862, I found myself on my way 
to New Berne, N. C , actually to enter into the scenes 
of which I only expected to hear : — -personally to 
know the excitement, danger, responsibility and 
privileges, I felt that I had enlisted truly, and must put on the 
courage, if not the uniform, and would be fortunate, could I make 
small entries in my little pocket diary. 

My life in New Berne was very mixed, amid so many to care 
for, of every rank, but it is with a very tender feeling I think of 
the Forty-Fifth. They were " my boys " at home in Readville, 
and I had many near and dear friends in the Regiment. On my 
arrival at New Berne, I was greatly disappointed to learn the first 
day at table that the Forty-Fifth camp was so far away that I 
could not reach ii except with an escort. I recall vividly my in- 
dignation at the time at hearing the " Forty-Fourth," and -'Forty- 
Fifth " called " Kid glove," " Harvard Boys," to whom General 
Foster would have to give all his orders in Latin. But my indigna- 
tion was soon soothed by General Foster's unqualified admiration 
of both regiments. He had just returned from Brigade Drill, and 
expressed himself with enthusiasm, " Colonel Codman is a 
born soldier, and the regiment moves like a unit." 

Another disappointment awaited me, "Company G," my 
special company in Readville, was detailed to serve at Fort 
Macon, and must start before 1 could reach them with their par- 
cels from home, or exchange even a hand shake with my many 
friends. My dear cousin Captain Joseph Murdoch had been ap- 
pointed to serve on the staff of Colonel Amory, and had his 
quarters with us. Not until the 6th of December was Captain 
Murdoch free to take me to camp. We started for the railroad 
bridge over the Trent, meeting my other cousin. Sergeant 
Richardson. 

341 



342 THE FOlirY-FIFTlI REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

We took him in and drove to camp, three in a buggy. The 
first to greet us was Dixwell Thompson, (bless his memory,) 
who sent for our brave little Sergeant, Charles Hickling. Dear 
boy ! how well he seemed that day, and how little we dreamed 
of his five years of suffering, to begin before the month was out. 
So patiently, heroically borne, with true soldier spirit to the end. 
Then came Henry Wheelock and Captains Bumsteiad and Rich, 
and Lieutenants Robinson and Walker, all glad to see a 
woman. 

I shall never forget that first day at Camp Amory. Captain 
Murdoch had business at the Fifty-First Regiment, and left me 
seated in state, surrounded by officers and privates, indiscrimin- 
ately. I was invited to dine in camp, and I bade them all wel- 
come to the little home in New Berne. We drove back by way 
of Fort Totten, and over such roads ! passing through the camps 
of the Fifth Massachusetts, Fifth Rhode Island, Tenth Connec- 
ticut, to the camp of the Forty-Fourth Massachusetts. 

OUR HOME. 

And poor, old New Berne ! what a wornout, shiftless, 
tumble down place, did this "city of beautiful residences," this 
" land of roses," appear to us on first acquaintance ! But we grew 
to love it. Our little home was at headquarters, on Front Street, 
between General Foster's home and Governor Stanley's. A 
simple frame house, two rooms deep, formerly Headquarters of 
the Confederate General Branch. It was in a sorry condition, 
none of the original furniture left, save a book-case in the entry. 
Some articles had been brought to lit it up for use, but it was 
very forlorn. 

The fog from the river was so thick the night we arrived, 
we could see nothing of the house — but the light of the fires 
built in our honor. All the doors and windows were open, the 
fog pouring in. But we were at war, and what were women 
there for, but to make a semblance of home, at least for our 
soldiers? We soon revolutionized the interior, drew the table 
into the centre of the room, covered it with books, photograph 
albums, work-baskets, etc. 



MEMORIES OF XE]V BERNE 343 

The broken down sofa, with a shawl for an afghan, was drawn 
towards the fire, chairs disposed so as to look sociable, and with 
little black Toby's help, we obtained the wild bamboo vine, to 
cover the very soiled walls, and with our country's flag for drapery 
curtains we were ready to welcome all our soldier boys and sailor 
boys, too, for the Commodore's gig lay just off the shore in sight 
of the house. 

THE EXPEDITION. 

Before the Provost Guard life began for the Forty-Fifth, 
came the great event of December, the Expedition to Goldsboro. 
Long before, we knew from many signs that something was to be 
undertaken. General Foster had been to Washington, reinforce- 
ments had poured into New Berne, many war councils had been 
held, finally on December 11th, the army moved onward, leaving 
but a handful behind to protect the town. The Provost had pro- 
mised to take me early to the fort, to watch the passing column, 
but the dense fog after we started so detained us on the road, we 
did not reach the line until after Amory's Brigade had passed, to 
my great grief. Belger's Battery was just moving, the Forty- 
Fourth came next, and as regiment after regiment moved along, 
it was an intense experience, as one soldier after another, dashed 
out of the line for a "good bye." 

Mrs. Stevenson, the brave mother, one side of the column, 
and I, on the other. The boys told us afterwards, it was a com- 
fort thus to have our "God speed." We had earlier helped off our 
" very own," but that morning we felt a mother's, a sister's yearn- 
ing, for each of these thousands, who went forth so bravely to the 
self-chosen duty, perhaps never to return. The Provost was left 
as commandant of the town. Colonel Coffin of the Eighth 
Massachusettts, at the fort as military commander — details from 
each regiment in charge of the camps. Mrs. Foster, Mrs. Amory, 
Mrs. Harris, Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson, indeed all who needed care, 
in charge of the Provost, added to the perpetual vigilance for the 
town's safety. Strange lights appeared, rumors were afioat of 
mischief brewing within the town, of possible attack in our de- 



344 THE FORTY-FIFTH RKGIMKNT, M. V. M. 

fenceless condition ! Yet we felt no personal fear. As dear Mrs. 
Stevenson said, " Our whole heart was with our army, we had no 
room for self." 

But it was a dreary waiting. We had a bit of comfort in 
looking at the two stands of the Forty-Fifth colors brought to us 
for safe keeping by comrade Richardson, who was left in charge 
of Camp Amory. We, that were left behind, met daily, one in 
thought and sympathy. Our first dispatch was glad and sad. 
" No staff officers injured of the Massachusetts Regiments, but a 
boat to be sent up the river to bring back the wounded and pris- 
oners " And who might, the victims be ? And the same dis- 
patch brought to the Provost, the sad duty to care for the body 
of the gallant young Colonel Gray, of the Ninety-Sixth New York 
who fell at Kinston, at the head of his regiment. He came to 
New Berne just in time to go with the expedition, only twenty- 
three years old, the idol of his command, beautiful to look upon, 
and with a hero's spirit. 

His chaplain came also and the funeral was from our house. 
We gathered all the women to pay tribute — old Mrs. Graham 
sent us flowers, all officers and troops that could be spared from 
guard, with the commodore of the fleet followed all that was left 
on earth of the young hero, wrapped in his country's flag to the 
boat, where a touching service was held. It was all we could 
do, and we felt it might be a little comfort to the bereaved 
mother. 

Then another waiting -rumors of more battles, and at last 
the return of our boys, jaded and worn indeed, but full of life 
and enthusiasm and elated with success. I could send home 
such glad tidings for a Christmas Greeting! None of our very 
own injured, but must add the sorrowful loss of Theodore Park- 
man, the Color Bearer of the Forty-Fifth. I went almost at once 
to Camp Amory— my friends Lieutenants Emmons and Hardy, 
were among the first to greet me, then Captain Churchill and his 
brave Sergeant Charlie Hickling looking so bright and cheery. 
The captain saying, as he placed his hand on Charlie's shoulder, 
" He has won the right to have the straps there." 

But alas ! I was summoned before many days to the dear 



MEMORIES OF NEW BERNE 345 

boy's sick bed, and early in January, he was removed to the 
Stanley Hospital in town under the charge of the " Sisters of 
Mercy " from New York. I could see him daily, until his kind 
father came from the North to take my place. 

THE SISTERS OF MERCY. 

One word in passing, of tribute to those gentle women, who 
devoted themselves to the care of our sick and wounded soldiers. 
I saw them constantly and can testify to their constant, unselfish 
devotion to those brought to their charge, The Convent (so- 
called) was connected by a plank walk with the Hospital, and 
the passage between was all the outing these women had. The 
Convent was in a house formerly owned by Governor Stanley's 
father, a fine old mansion, well and elaborately finished. 

He hardly expected a convent bell would ever be hung on 
his elegant staircase. One parlor was left furnished to receive 
the world's people ; the other was their chapel, furnished with 
altar, etc. All the rest of the rooms were simply furnished, iron 
bedsteads, one chair in each and a wash-stand, save one room, in 
which Washington had slept when in New Berne, and which was 
also General Burnside's apartment ; this house having been first 
his Headquarters. This room was kept for the " recreation- 
room " for the sisters. A table in the centre, a desk and books, 
a few chairs, no carpet, no feminine look, save the exquisite neat- 
ness which pervaded the whole house. The kitchen and wash- 
houses were the most interesting where the "lay sisters" made 
all the nice things for the hospital, and refreshed the bed-clothes. 
Everything so neat and clean ! 

The main stores they drew from the Government, but were 
entirely dependent upon contributions for all delicacies. They 
told me the "sanitary" was very liberal but "oh, the need so 
great!" Thanks to the kind Bosto.n friends who sent us such 
liberal boxes of lemons, gelatine, oranges, guam-jelly, chocolate, 
etc., we could very often supply their need. Not one of us well 
ones could touch these delicacies, and it was indeed a happiness 
to be able to carry to the " Stanley," the Academy Hospital, to 
the " Forty-Fourth " hospital in town, or to the various camps, 



346 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

"just the article needed." The "sisters" were interested in all 
who came under their care, but the boys of the Forty-Fourth 
and Forty-Fifth, seemed to win their peculiar sympathy. "How 
is it," one of the sisters said to me, " I find such gentle refine- 
ment among these men? They seem like petted children, yet so 
manly and uncomplaining " Mother Augustine's morning greet- 
ing to one ward, was, "Well, how is old Massachusetts this morn- 
ing?" It mattered little what their creed — the loving service 
was complete and cheerful. 

CHRISTMAS. 

A strange Christmas it was ! as warm as June. On Christ- 
mas Fve we had a real Negro Minstrel Serenade, "Them's cullud 
folks," Celia told me, " citizens brought up in New Berne, 
come to give the ladies a Christmas song, Tony Fisher, the 
leader." And with violins, banjos, and their voices they gave us 
indeed sweet music. The gladdest part of Christmas was going 
fo the camps with parcels which arrived that very morning. First 
to the Twenty-Fourth Headquarters to take Christmas Greetings 
to dear Mrs. Stevenson and her boys, then to the Forty-Fourth 
Hospital to cheer them a bit, then through the Twenty-Fourth 
and Forty-Fourth camps, meeting so many cheerful greetings ! 
Then to Camp Amory where a real Christmas greeting came 
from all ranks. 

We had passed as usual three sets of pickets, wood cutters 
and wagoners, to all of whom we shouted, " Merry Christmas !" 

What a rare carnival it would have been to me, could I have 
scattered " Santa Claus" bundles to each and all. After greet- 
ings from crowds of friends, my ever faithful Lieutenant Em- 
mons took me to his own tent where I made a long call, although 
they were in the midst of preparing their feast from home boxes, 
cracking nuts, opening pickle-jars, and a sealed up pudding. The 
table looked very nice. Seven plates for Captain Wales and his 
two lieutenants, for Captain Tappan and his two, and Adjutant 
Winsor. 

I was treated with the greatest deference, and feasted on ginger 
snaps and figs. The last I put in my pocket for my sick Provost, 



MEMOEIES OF NEW BERNE 347 

who had so longed for some that morning. If they had known 
it they would have given me more. They were all as merry and 
bright as if war was a myih, far merrier than the anxious ones at 
home. 

Among my many visits to Camp Amory, one stands out, 
fresh in my memory, when I undertook with Captain Murdoch 
to walk over the bridge to the camp. I so longed to see " Dress 
Parade " But the camp, like the Silver lake in the fable, seemed 
to recede as we approached, and we only arrived to find " dress 
parade " over. I was treated however, like a heroine, taken to 
see the sunset view from a certain point," rested awhile at com- 
rade Richardson's quarters where I found my cousin: comfortably 
settled, reading before a bright wood fire. 

Dixwell Thompson walked back with us. He had been in- 
vited by Major Anderson to dine at Headquarters. I remember 
his words so well, " Is it very fearful to dine with a Major-Gen- 
eral.'"' "No," I answered, " I have often, and survived." "Well," 
he added, "I have been in two battles and did not wish to run 
away, so I think I'll never be afraid of anything again." 

PROVOST GUARD LIFE. 

The days after Christmas were full of rumors of change. 
New arrivals poured in, the little town was over flowing with 
new brigadiers ; Prince, Hunt, Wessel, Nagley, Palmer, each one 
out-ranking the last arrival. And in the camps equal excitement. 
Each regiment longing to go on the new expedition. A part of 
'Stevenson's Brigade (Wessel's division,) the Twenty-Fourth 
Massachusetts, Tenth Connecticut, and Ninth New Jersey, were 
the first to start. Preparation and mystery still continued until 
on the 26th of January came the grand departure, and we bade 
" good bye " to the General Staff. 

We were grieved to part with so many with whom we had 
been in daily contact since November, but the same day brought 
us great happiness. Th* Forty-Fifth came to town as provost 
guard. How safe we felt with our gallant friends to protect us ! 
The very first evening Colonel Codman and Lieutenant-Colonel 
Peabody came to dine at our mess, with our friend Colonel Hoff- 



348 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

man. He and the Provost, were the only members of the staff 
left behind. In one of my old letters sent home, I find the 
following : 

"Fancy (instead of going to Readville) simply to look out 
of one's window, to see Captain Minot riding by as officer of the 
day, and every morning, while dressing, to hear the delicious 
Forty-Fifth Band at "guard mounting"! They do play most 
beautifully and thrill me to the heart. Such praise, too, comes 
from all quarters for the guard, " who do their duty so perfectly 
and thoroughly." Then the delight of dress parade on Broad 
Street, such a little way I am permitted to go alone, and I never 
miss the scene if I can help it." And in the weeks, the months 
that followed, dress parade became the resting spot in that 
strange life ; a sort of "good night " to each other, with no word 
spoken. It was where all collected, officers off duty, privates with 
short leave from camp, our various visitors from the North, Mr. 
Hickling, Dr. Ware, Mr. Bond, Mr. Wales, Rev. Mr. Barnard and 
others. I shall never forget the first Sunday after the Forty- 
Fifth came to town. I started with Captain Murdoch, before 
daylight to give " God speed " to the Forty-Fourth, who were 
to sail for Plymouth, and on our return we were just in time for 
guard mounting, my first experience, a beautiful sight it was on 
that bright, fresh morning. Captain Rich stood with us, happen- 
ing up from the fort. The boys seemed to take my presence as 
a compliment, little understanding the real comfort these scenes 
were to me in my exile. I do not believe I ever stood on that 
Broad Street sidewalk by Colonel Codman's side without tears in 
my eyes, of pride in my comrades, and anxiety for the result of 
all this sacrifice. There were many sad hours, too, when death, 
by the -strange congestive fever, took away one brave boy after 
another. 

We felt that the expedition to Plymouth was planned to 
break up the epidemic. While the Forty-Fourth Regiment was 
absent, one of their number, left behind sick, brave young Hop- 
kinson of Company F, fell a victim to the disease to the distress 
of his comrades. Another death in the Forty-Fifth saddened us 
all very much, George Brooks of Company A, who died just 



MEMORIES OF NEW BERNE 349 

before his father landed in New Berne. Mr. Brooks came directly 
to the Provost, so bright and happy, to learn how to reach his 
boy, and one of the Sisters of Mercy, had but just told us, " the 
dear boy had fallen asleep to awake in heaven !" But it was 
touching to see how calmly death in any shape was met by our 
soldier boys. They would have preferred to die on the battle- 
field, but there was never any terror. They had learned in war, 
one true lesson, to regard death with the quietness we should all 
feel, that it can never be untimely, because Go^ lives and because 
what we call "death," is but new life. 

We were so gratified as the days went on, to find that our 
little home had become a sort of haven for our own regiment. 
They all knew the latch string hung outside for all, even if 
sometimes it was a little awkward when " shoulder straps " and 
privates happened to meet as guests. I have often closed the door 
between the rooms, leaving my sister with the officers, that my 
privates need not fear they must leave. Woman's unofficial woxV. 
in the army was very real, though hard to define. I never awoke 
in the morning without some charge upon heart and powers, our 
housekeeping was peculiar, our dinner parties, so-called, unlike 
anything known before. If fortunate enough to have something 
better than the usual rations, or, perhaps, if only the latter, the 
Provost would invite thus, " Whereas we dine at six do all come 
and let us have dinner together." We did not always have 
plates enough to go round ! We had nine o'clock teas, too, for 
the tired men, to which all men were welcome. Mrs. Messinger 
had a chest of delicious tea sent from New York. We had but 
five cups and saucers, and those unlike, and often twice the number 
of guests ! Little black Toby stood ready to refresh the cups 
and perhaps the tea tasted the better for the waiting. We 
quickly learned how to make tea to suit the various tastes, but I 
wonder if Major Sturgis remembers my perplexity over his first 
cup of tea, lest I had not made it right. He sat, with cup in 
hand, imtouched, and in answer to my anxiety, replied with a good 
deal of feeling, "Oh, no, I am sure it is all right, but the aroma 
is so like home I would fain dream over it awhile." 

They made us quite happy by naming our little parlor 



350 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIME NT, M.V. M. 

" Headquarters of the Home," even as Foster's was Headquarters 
of the Army. Many of the regiment were constant guests at all 
hours, at either meal, amusing themselves over our attempts to 
make things homelike, laughing at our tools. One kind friend 
took compassion and brought me from his stores from home, a 
nice dish /oiael for my breakfast cups ! How glad we were too, 
to take stitches for any of them ! And many a brave soldier 
boy with or without shoulder straps, has begged the privilege of 
upsetting my work basket and rearranging it. " It was so like 
home," and of course was never refused. All this may sound 
very trivial, but many a long serious talk did we have together 
in such hours, and we women realized fully the sacrifice our 
soldiers were making for our country, in accepting so cheerfully 
a life utterly distasteful. And since this is all among friends, I 
may as well confess, the little zuo/k basket has been carefully pre- 
served, a loving bond with those days of war — and the dish towel, 
too precious to use as intended always wraps some special bit of 
sewing in my work table and as often unfolded displays the 
valued mark, " Lieutenant P^mmons, Company E, Forty-Fifth 
Regiment " Then the outside work a privilege ? going to camps, 
hospitals, or company quarters, the glad agent between home 
and the army, owing to frequent dispatches to headquarters and 
the kindness of the general's aides. The list grew longer with 
every mail, bringing letters of inquiry from mothers, wives and 
sisters. The boys soon learned to know the Provost's carriage, 
and the little express woman with the grey bonnet ! Any other 
woman could have done it, but the blessing to do this much for 
the soldiers was granted to me and I was very grateful. 

Constantly such passages as this occurred in my home 
letters, " I found Mr. Whitcomb and delivered the parcel myself. 
We claim now the members of the band as friends. They little 
know the comfort they are to us !" We were very proud to receive 
a marching salute from them, as they left the general's after the 
flag raising. I ought to explain how the Provost became possessed 
of his carriage. 

It was captured on one of the early expeditions and brought 
to General Foster for his wife's use. 



MEMORIES OF NEW BEE WE 351 

She was too timid to ride in it, and positively refused, and 
when we arrived the general made a formal presentation of it to 
Mrs. Messinger, who, equally timid, scarcely would enter it, so it 
resulted in being a sort of express for tlie Provost's sister, when- 
ever she could find an orderly, or escort, at leisure. We knew 
but few of the towns people. Dr. and Mrs. Tull were very kind, 
and sweet Mrs. Taylor, although bitter " secesh," became a dear 
friend. She naturally avoided us at first, although often obliged 
to come to our house for passes, etc. 

It was hard for her to resist my gentle sister, so evidently 
unfitted for the life we were living, but she did so until at General 
Amory's headquarters, Mrs. Parkinson lost her little baby, and 
we wrote to Mrs. Taylor, begging a few of the white flowers we 
could see in her garden. Her mother heart was touched ; her own 
children were far away in Mississippi, she had remained to care 
for her old father, who was true to the Union and refused to run. 
She not only sent the flowers to Mrs. Amory herself, but asked 
us to go and see her in her own home. The father died, she left 
New Berne before the war was over and we lost sight of her, but 
I am sure, if living — she would testify, that no one who comported 
herself as a lady, ever suffered from any intrusion, so long as the 
Eighteenth Army Corps was in command of New Berne. 

We made frequent visits in other homes, to see old Mr 
Graham, whose family (unlike faithful Mrs Taylor) had left him 
alone, he, only being Union. It was pathetic to hear him talk of 
his sister and nieces and his hope of their speedy return, he had 
written them that nothing was disturbed in their home. He took 
us into the parlor (which he kept locked ) where everything was left 
as they used it last. The music, open on the piano, not a book, 
ornament, or even chair displaced from the way they saw it last. 
He lived in his sitting-room— attended by his faithful negro, 
Frank. His house stood next the large hotel, which was burned 
by the rebels when they retreated and our army entered. 

Our troops saved Mr. Graham's house from the flames, and 
the old man standing in his doorway was as safe as if war had 
not come to the town. 



352 THE FORTY-FIFTH liEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

OUR GUESTS. 

The greatest delight to the regiment was the arrival on the 
10th of February of Mrs. Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody and her 
father, the Rev. Dr. Lothrop. The next day our guests, with 
Colonel Codman, drove with me in the Provost's carriage 
over the county bridge to brigade drill, Lieutenant Emmons es- 
corting us on horseback. Colonel Peabody being that day in com- 
mand of the regiment. 

Our friends seemed much to enjoy this first experience of 
army life, as we certainly did their welcome presence. On the 
following afternoon Mrs. Messinger and I made the proper call 
upon Mrs. Peabody, finding Mrs. Amory and Mrs. Harris before 
us, and we all walked together to the Dress Parade. Such luxury for 
the boys! They were used to me but the addition to their audi- 
ence of these beautiful women, must indeed, have been a blessing. 
After the parade we followed the band to Forty-Fifth Head- 
quarters on Craven Street, where all the officers of the regi- 
ment assembled to pay tribute to Dr. Lothrop. A touching 
scene. 

Mrs. Peabody remained outside with us joining in the wel- 
come with the rest of the crowd, mounted and on foot. After 
that we were all much together. We had the pleasure of enter- 
taining at dinner. Colonel Codman and his whole staff, with Dr. 
Lothrop, Major Stackpole and Captain Murdoch, all of Boston, 
save my sister, and it was one of the happiest evenings we knew 
in New Berne. 

We were all invited by the commodore to visit the Hetzel 
and Miami which lay off in sight of our home ; Colonel Codman 
and Colonel Peabody could not leave. Our party consisted of 
Rev. Dr. Lothrop, Mrs. Peabody, Mrs. Amory, Captain and Mrs. 
Harris, General Palmer, Captain Murdoch, the Provost with his 
wife and sister, occupying two gigs. It was a delicious row with 
those eight brawny sailor boys, in their best "bib and tucker," 
and was only too short. 

We visited the Hetzel first, the Commodore's headquarters, 
a small gunboat carrying only two guns, but so exquisitely nice. 



MEMORIES OF NEW BERNE 353 

The Jfurmi was the largest gunboat of the fleet, and was com- 
manded by Captain Townsend. She carried eleven guns, six 
9-inch Dahlgrens, a pretty formidable looking affair to us who ' 
were uninitiated, with the tremendous steam apparatus, the roof of 
the passage covered with cutlasses. Commodore Davenport was 
intimate on shore, Captain Townsend we did not know so well, 
a perfect gentleman, one of the grave, quiet magnificent kind, in 
full rig all the time. His little son of nine always sailed with 
him, a complete little sailor, but much afraid of women, he had 
seen so few. The Miami was at the capture of New Orleans. 

We were most hospitably treated, and back on shore hardly 
in time for Dress Parade. We were afterwards told " we were 
seen galloping over a field, to cut across to Broad Street, three 
women headed by Rev. Dr. Lothrop!" We could not miss the 
parade, as Dr. Lothrop said, " It was hard for him to keep his 
feelings within good breeding, for his love and pride of his boys." 
Surely the sight of his earnest face was a blessing to them and to 
us all. And how good it was next day, to go to church, and hear 
the Reverend Doctor preach. We went in with, and sat with 
the regiment. About half the Forty-Fourth was there as well. 
It was more of an address than a sermon, full of stirring patriot- 
ism, with a beautiful tribute to our country and to our soldiers ; 
there were but few dry eyes in the audience. We followed the 
regiment afterwards to witness the beautiful Sunday ceremony of 
saluting the colors. 

The Sunday services wre always so restful. I remember 
one Sunday going alone to church and feeling discouraged, 
that after all one was able to do so little, and the uplift I 
received from Dr. Stone's helpful words on "Little Duties," from 
the text: "Such as I have, give I unto you." 

Of course through all these days and weeks, there was much 
that can never be written, of Provost Guard life, of constant, 
daily, wearisome, and often distasteful work, without the inspira- 
tion of the battle-field. Yet surely with the compensation of 
duty well done, there was never a word, save of commendation for 
the fidelity of the guard. I remember one night the Commodore 
came to us in great indignation, because he was stopped by a 



354 THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Stripling of a sentinel, (who knew him perfectly well) and was 
forced to wait in the cold and dark, until an officer chanced to 
pass, who could give the countersign. "What did youexpect the sen- 
tinel to do?" was asked. "Why just what he did, of course, and 
if this is the stuff your volunteer regiments are made of, the war 
will surely be a success, if the boy did put me into a rage." 

We did not escape, but shared with the rest of the country, 
the continued anxieties, caused by reports of failure, defeat, de- 
moralization, in the army, or in the government. But there was 
more quietude in the army than at home. Our boys hadtakenup the 
burden, so it had become //g///. They were serving their country 
in the best way they could. 

THE GRAND REVIEW. 

Our faithful aides of the staff made sure we were rightly 
placed. I was next to Mrs. Foster on the right of the line. The 
day was exquisite, the air soft and delicious, the sky of intensest 
blue. General Amory acted as general of Division. First ..came 
General Wessell with staff, commanding-officer. General Foster 
receiving the army, then Colonel Codman and staff, command- 
ing brigade, our own Forty-Fifth heading the column. We, in the 
carriages were very proud of this. 

Many of our guests left us early in March, but the 11th 
brought us Major Stackpole and his bride, who naturally be- 
longed to us, as a part of the staff. And at first. War had any- 
thing but a serious' aspect to our bride. 

Bands, parades, devoted attention, and admiration, sere- 
nades by the Forty-Fifth, brigade drills when the Forty-Fifth 
wore white gloves in her honor ; to say nothing of the Forty- 
Fourth Opera! It was a strange experience, walking with opera 
glass and fan, under the Southern stars, to company barracks, 
to listen to an opera in this garrison town. 

The Navy lent flags, scenery was obtained from the theatre, 
the effect was beautiful. The performance was very touching, 
although intended for comic, particularly when the tired soldiers 
from the expedition dropped from exhaustion, it was a little too 
real. 



MEMORIES OF NEW BERNE 355 

THE BATTLE. 

Under date of March 13th, I wrote home : " Tomorrow we 
are to have a great day for we celebrate the taking of New Berne. 
Grand review again of the whole army corps, before General 
Foster's quarters, so, of course, before the Provost's. 

All the ladies will come to us, and we mean to wear every 
bit of red, white and blue we can find. The 14th was indeed 
celebrated, but not as we intended. New Berne was attacked 
and we were to witness a real battle! Rumors were ripe the 
evening before of pickets driven in. A whole brigade of New 
York troops were sent to reinforce the Twenty-Fifth Massachu- 
setts on the outer picket station. We were awakened by cannon, 
a salute for the day, not anticipated. The fort across the Neuse 
was attacked by the rebels, four thousand strong, infantry and 
artillery. We were soon out on the wharf where we could see 
the course of the shells pouring upon our devoted men. No 
cannon had been mounted at the fort, the men had only their 
muskets for defence. 

The water was too low for the boats to get into position. 
We watched the scene with painful interest, as we stood near the 
signal officer. We heard the order sent across, " Hold out to 
the last, reinforcements will come." 

And they did hold out, although the rebel commander de- 
manded surrender. How great was our relief when the water 
was high enough to allow the little gunboat Be/se/ to approach, 
and her first shell went over the fort and into the enemy's midst. 
The town was saved. We four ladies were placed in a carriage 
and with an escort of horsemen, driven as near the scene as 
possible, where we saw the various gunboats now in full play, re- 
turning the salute of the morning, until the enemy retreated. 
Then we drove to the Forty-Fourth camp where we could see the 
reenforcements from the Fighty-Fifth New York going across on 
flats. Not until they were all landed, did we learn that we were 
standing on the very spot where the first shot fell in the morn- 
ing. The whole Forty-Fifth, as provost guard, was under arms 
all night. Carriages were ready to take the wives and sisters to 
the Hetzelox to the fort. A fight was expected at night. Colonel 



356 THE FORTY-FIFTR REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Codman and the Provost, alike fearless, but cautious, anticipating 
trouble as much from within as from without. Every avenue to 
the town was guarded by a brigade. Perhaps the very precau- 
tions defeated whatever was planned by the enemy. Inside the 
town all was quiet, and the sun rose on the 15th on one of the 
sweetest of mornings, the birds singing deliciously, the whole air 
full of peace and gladness in strange contrast to the excitement 
of the day previous. 

A few days later quite a party of us crossed the Neuse to the 
scene of conflict. Every tree, house and tent completely riddled 
by the enemy's shot. We walked outside the fort to the first 
picket station, where we gathered peach blossoms, stood in the 
very ruts of the enemy's gun carriages and sang there " Glory 
Hallelujah " with full hearts. 

The next scene to record was not congenial to any of us, 
viz., Mrs. Foster's party in honor of the victory. To fearfully 
select invitations by formal note, only, to generals, the governor, 
members of General Foster's staff, field ofhcers with the ladies. 
The costumes were not startling — white gloves, sparse rooms un- 
comfortably hot, dancing very slow. The whole occasion would 
have been stupid, if any occasion could be so, in a room entirely 
draped with our glorious "Stars and Stripes." 

Soon after to our great regret, came for the provost's wife 
and sister, peremptory "marching orders for home," we could 
not disobey ! It was very hard for us to go, and we felt we 
should be a little missed. The days that followed were filled to 
the brim with last things for camp and hospital. We had one 
day with Company G at Fort Macon, going down with General 
Palmer. 

And on the evening of March 25th we had a delicious 
serenade from the Forty-Fifth Band. Warrh as June — all the 
windows open. And at three o'clock on the afternoon of the 
26th we started on the E7nily for Roanoke, accompanied by the 
Forty-Fifth Band, and all our friends at liberty to leave, followed 
by another steamer to take them back to New Berne. The 
wharf was lined with kind faces, full of regret, the band playing, 
" Say can I leave Thee." Colonel Codman, general officer of the 



MEMORIES OF NEW BERNE 357 

day, stood on the wharf until the last minute. When we reached 
the New Berne battleground, the band played " Yankee Doodle " 
and the '-Bold Soldier Boy," in honor of the heroes of March 
14th, 1862, who were on board with us, followed by the " Fourth 
Battalion tune." Everything was sweet and thrilling. Our 
friends dined with us, leaving us at seven o'clock, the band play- 
ing once more, " Say can I leave Thee," as we parted. And so 
we left dear old New Berne and the many friends bound to us by 
such close ties, and as it proved never to return. Before it was 
possible for us to do so, the headquarters of the Eighteenth 
Army Corps was changed to Fortress Munroe, and our next 
winter was spent in Virginia. 

But our "good bye " to our soldier boys that day was in 
real earnest, "God be with you." We had truly become com- 
rades, and we are so still. "God bless us all!" 




Cl^e Bani! ant) file* 

BY SERGEANT-MAJOR HENRY G. WHEELOCK. 

Some facts regarding the rank and file of the Forty-Fifth Massachu- 
setts Volunteer Militia, as seen by its former Sergeant-Major, Henry 
Gassett Wheelock. 

'T the request of our popular and efficient Adjutant 
Winsor whose word was once my law, I copy from a 
manuscript compiled from the regimental books and 

published in some Boston newspaper at the time the 

regiment left Readville for North Carolina in November, 1862, a 
few facts relating to the age, place of birth, occupation and resi- 
dence of the enlisted men of my regiment. 

Of native born there were eight hundred and fourteen from 
seventeen different states, seven hundred and sixty-six from the 
New England States and six hundred and thirty from Massachu- 
setts alone ; and the entire foreign born numbered one hundred 
and twenty-one from twenty different counties of whom forty- 
two, or more than one-third were from Ireland, England having 
fifteen. New Brunswick fourteen, and Nova Scotia twelve. 

Now in addition to the fact that 814 enlisted men were 
native born let us look at the occupations of these men. One 
hundred and twenty-eight different trades were represented in- 
cluding one man who wrote himself down as gentlei)ian. I do not 
remember his name because I found a great many who were in 
every respect thorough gentlemen, whether they were students 
or farmers. 

The farmers were in number the greatest, numbering one 
hundred and sixty-six ; clerks, one hundred and twenty-four ; sea- 
men, seventy-seven ; carpenters, fifty ; students, forty ; teamsters, 
thirty-four; boot and shoe makers, twenty-eight; blacksmiths, 
fifteen ; butchers, eleven ; masons, fifteen ; merchants, fourteen ; 
painters, twenty-one ; printers, ten ; fishermen, nineteen. This 
small list of fourteen occupations made up two-thirds of the 
regiment. 

Presuming this showing to be a fair average of the seven- 
teen nine-months regiments called for from Massachusetts in the 

358 



THE BANK AND FILE 359 

fall of 186'2, the first question which arises is "how did the Old 
Bay State get along with most of its artisans at the front?" The 
next natural question is why did all these young men go, I say 
young, because the average age of the regiment was twenty-five 
and nine months and its average height, five feet, seven and five- 
eighths inches. One company. Company F averaged five feet eight 
and one-quarter inches in height, and it was worth a day's walk 
to see them come in from picket duty, with every head up and 
shoulder square to the front, as if on parade. I have seen many 
French, German, English and Spanish troops, but never saw 
anything liner. 

1 believe that in spite of bounties, the short term of enlist- 
ment, and other reasons, that the majority of our men enlisted 
from simple, pure patriotism A young man just ready to start 
out in life in his chosen profession was not likely to give up his 
prospects and a comfortable home for the discomforts of camp 
and bivouac, or for the love of being shot at. 

But there is another side to this question. On the eve, 
almost, of our departure from Readville passes were freely given 
to the enlisted men to visit their friends or families, with the 
result that between October 1st and November 5th, 1862 the 
day of sailing from Boston, forty-live men deserted as follows : 

A, ; B, 1 ; C, 4 ; D, 1 ; E, 4 ; F, 8 ; G, ; H, 3 ; I, 12 ; 
K, 17, of which number but four gave any place of residence, 
simply bounty jumpers a dead loss to the state for bounty-paid 
clothing and rations. Not a man deserted after reaching New 
Berne. The secretary of the Forty-Fifth Regiment Association 
gives the total number of the regiment 990 in officers and men. 

Less deserters .......... 45 

" discharged for disability previous to l^oveniber 5, 1862 . 13 
" " " " after November .5, 1862 . , 20 

" " " promotion 3 

" " " on account of wounds .... 14 

" ", to re-enlist ....... 6 

" killed in action ......... 12 

" died from wounds . . . . . . . .8 

" " " disease .24 

" " " accident 1 

— 146 

844 



360 THE FORTT-FIFTE REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL SCHOULER'S REPORT FOR 1863. 

By reference to the Adjutant-General's report — it will be 
seen that one hundred and eighty-one of the members of the 
Forty-Fifth reenlisted in different branches of the service. 

I joined the camp in Readville, September 16th, 1862, then 
in command of Captain Charles R. Codman. The camp con- 
sisted of several hundred thoroughly green men of the "hay-foot," 
" straw-foot " description with no other knowledge of discipline 
than each one's own sweet will coupled with the good old notion 
that he was free born and independent and as such was the full 
equal of his captain or even his colonel, in other words an un- 
armed mob, without anything particularly bad about them, only 
ignorant of everything pertaining to a subordinate position. It 
was disheartening to the few who, had at some time or other, been 
in some military organization especially the Independent Corps 
of Cadets, where some respect for the superior officer had been 
inculcated when we were, as I was once told " playing soldiers," 
so we all went to school, each learning from his superior until we 
all struck the fountain head of tactics, drill and discipline, the 
Colonel, who I presume, drank in his inspiration and knowledge 
from Hardee and Casey. Two months' hard work turned order 
and discipline out of chaos and the regiment went aboard ship 
November 5th, 1862, to sail for North Carolina in good trim, 
each man a little proud of his individuality as a member of such 
a good-looking, manly, determined lot of men, who later proved 
their worth. 



THE BANK AND FILE 



361 



STATISTICS REGARDING THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT 
MASSACHUSETTS MILITIA. 



Apothecary 

Architect 

Artist 

Awlmaker 

Baker 

Barber 

Barkeeper 

Blacksmith 

Blockmaker 

Bounet bleacher 
presser 

Bookbinder 

Bookkeeper 

Bookseller 

Boot or Shoemaker 

Brass finisher 

Broker ■ 

Broommaker 

Butcher 

Butter presser 

Cabinetmaker 

Carder 

Carpenter 

Carriagemaker 

Carriagesmith 

Carver 

Caulker 

Chairmaker 

Chemist 

Civil Engineer 

Clerk 

Clockmaker 

Coachman 

Collector 

Contractor 

Cooper 

Coppersmith 

Cutler 

Druggist 

Drummer 

Expressmen 



3 

1 
3 
2 
5 
2 
2 

15 
1 
1 
2 
3 
3 
1 

28 
1 
1 
1 

11 
1 

19 
1 

50 

3 

1 

3 

2 

3 

4 

1 
124 

1 

2 

2 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

4 

6 



Engineer 
Farmer 
File Grinder 
Fishermen 
Fresco painter 
Gardener 
Gasfitter 
Gentleman 
Gilder 

Glass blovv'er 
" cutter 
' maker 
" moulder 
" packer 
Grocer 
Gunsmith 
Haruessraaker 
Hatter 
Hostler 
Iron moulder 
Jeweller 
Laborer 
Lawyer 

Leather dresser 
Lettercarrier 
Lighthouse keeper 
Machinist 
Manufacturer 
Mason 

Mathematician 
Mechanic 
Merchant 
Milkmen 
Miller 
Moulder 
Musician 
Music printer 
Music teacher 
Operative 
Organ builder 
Painter 



2 

166 
1 
19 
1 
2 
4 
1 
1 
1 
4 
2 
2 
1 
2 
1 
2 
5 
3 
1 
4 

13 
4 

5 

2 
1 

12 

4 

15 

1 

2 
14 

2 

I 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 
21 



362 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



Papermaker 


2 


Soldiers 


2 


Paperhangings manf 


1 


Sparmaker 


1 


Patternmaker 


1 


Stablekeeper 


2 


Pedler 


2 


Stage driver 


1 


Performer 


2 


Stair builder 


2 


Photographer 


5 


Stereotyper 


1 


Plumber 


1 


Stone cutter 


8 


Pianoforte finisher 


2 


Stucco worker 


1 


" maker 


1 


Student 


40 


Printer 


10 


Tailor 


3 


Porter 


1 


Teamster 


34 


Provision dealer 


4 


Telegrapher 


1 


Publisher 


1 


Tin worker 


3 


Ropemaker 


7 


Trader 


1 


Safemaker 


1 


Trunkmaker 


1 


Sailmaker 


2 


Type founder 


1 


Salesmen 


11 


Upholsterer 


1 


Savpyer 


3 


Varnisher and polisher 


1 


School teachers 


8 


Waiter 


1 


Seamen 


77 


Watchmaker 


3 


Sexton 


2 


Weaver 


2 


Ship carpenters 


3 


Wheelwright 


1 


Silver plater 
Solicitor of Patents 


1 
1 


Total number of trades 


128 


Maine 


67 


Ohio 


3 


New Hampshire 


48 


Indiana 


1 


Vermont 


14 


Illinois 


1 


Massachusetts 


630 


Michigan 


2 


Rhode Island 


9 


Kentucky 


1 


Connecticut 


5 


Louisiana 


1 


New York 


22 


Alabama 


1 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 


1 
4 


Total Native Americans 


born 


4 


in the United States 


814 


England 


15 


Turkey 


1 


Scotland 


1 


France 


1 


Ireland 


42 


St. Helena 


1 


Germany 


12 


Holland 


2 


Cuba 


1 


Sweden 


1 


New Brunswick 


14 


Norway 


1 


Nova Scotia 


12 


Switzerland 


1 


West Indies 


1 


Denmark 


1 


Canada 


8 


Spain 


1 


Greece 
Prussia 


1 

4 


Total foreign born 


121 



THE BANK AND FILE 363 

Average age of the whole regiment exclusive of officers, 25 years, 
8 months, 20 days. 

Average height of the whole regiment exclusive of officers, 5 feet, 
1^ inches. 

Oldes-t company. Company H, 27^ years. 

Youngest company. Company A, 24 years, 3 months. 

Tallest company, Company F, 5 feet, 8* inches. 

Shortest company. Company H, 5 feet, 6^ inches. 

Total length of the regiment'exclusive of officers, 5, .302 feet, I inches. 

Tallest man, 6 feet, 4 inches, only 18 years old. 

Shortest man, 4 feet, lOi inches, a drummer boy 16 years old. 

Oldest man, several of 45. 

Youngest man, 14 years. 

The United States takes no one over 45, so that the ages are not 
correctly given above that age. 

Fifty-five men are over 40 years and 194 are under 20. 

Fifty-two are 6 feet or over in height and but 3 are under 5 feet 
and they are drummer boys. 




^apemonciei of tljt €Ml War and of Camp auD 

fficlt) in tl^c f ort^Jf tftl^ i%ia?{)2^ac]^u?Jctt)3 

Btgimcnt 

BY PRIVATE EDWARD F. REED OF COMPANY I. 

N Stretch of memory and imaginative thought, we seem 
once more to be living in the exciting days of '61 to 
'65 and in a vision we see again the restless activity 
'^.ss^'^ and commotion of the times, and listen to the elo- 
quent and impassioned oratory of citizens and statesmen, whose 
patriotic utterances, particularly when advocating the calls for 
enlistments were interspersed with the inspiring martial music 
of the bands, which participated in, and added interest to, the 
frequent public gatherings of the people. 

THE CALLS FOR VOLUNTEERS AND THE RESPONSE. 

We recall with great complacency and pardonable pride the 
prompt and hearty response of the sons of Massachusetts to the 
pathetic calls of our great President Abraham Lincoln, promul- 
gated by Massachusetts' well-beloved War Governor, John A. 
Andrew for State Militia in the emergency, and later on for vol- 
unteers in the United States service, to aid in suppressing the 
rebellion. 

How promptly and well our militia, who responded to these 
calls, performed their duty to their state and their country, finally 
enlisting almost to a man in the service of the United States, for 
three long years, in which they invariably fought valiantly and 
well, history today attests. 

The volunteers called for and obtained during the first stage 
of the conflict were hustled to the seat of war, immediately, or 
closely following enlistments as the emergency of the time de- 
manded men quickly, the volunteers responding to later calls, 
were sent into camps and thoroughly drilled before leaving for 
the seat of war. 

364 




NEW BERNE, 1862 
THEN 




EDWARD F. REED, CO. I 
NOW 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 365 

A surgeon's examination. 

That historic old edifice — the Old South Church — was used 
as a recruiting headquarters and as a rendezvous for the surgical 
examination of enlisted men, a fact not now generally known. 

It was in this building the writer successfully passed the 
critical examination of the duly commissioned surgeon, and he 
rarely passes this ancient edifice without recalling the day. On 
that momentous occasion we were in the august presence of the 
surgeon, and with clothing almost entirely removed, were sub- 
jected to a most thorough and rigid examination, being thumped, 
heart and lungs tested, teeth as to soundness, ears as to hearing, 
eyes as to sight, etc. This was followed by numerous interroga- 
tories, in which each recruit was asked if he was in the habit of 
drinking, and "if he ever had the horrors." As we were then 
only nineteen years of age, and had never drank a glass of intox- 
icating liquor, the latter appeared to us, at the time, as entirely 
unnecessary and uncalled for. 

The facts as ascertained were filled into the blank form pro- 
vided by the Government and as the examination proved satis- 
factory, it was equivalent to our being accepted. We still have 
that surgeon's certificate carefully preserved. 

The examining surgeon in the writer's case was Charles D. 
Homans, M. D. 

WHO STOOD THE HARDSHIPS OF ARMY LIFE THE BEST.'' 

It is a well authenticated fact that in the long severe marches 
of the Civil War, it was frequently the case that large robust men, 
brought up to mechanical work, general labor, or on the farm, 
were among the first to succumb and drop out of the ranks, while 
pale faced youths, apparently lacking in general good health and 
vigor, when enlisted, having left clerkships, colleges, or schools, 
for the service, withstood with perfect success the weariness and 
privations of the march, and fought as valiantly and as well as 
their more robust comrades — who were expected at the outset to 
far excel them in sustaining the hardships and arduous duties of 
military service. 



366 THE FORTY-FIFTH EEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

THE OUTFIT OF A SOLDIER IN 1861. 

The following named articles comprised the required outfit 
for each man. 

Overcoat and cape of light blue. A dress coat of dark blue, 
single-breasted, with narrow stand up collar, and the Army blouse 
of the same color for common wear, and fatigue duty, both were 
trimmed with the United States Army regulation brass buttons, 
on each of which was prominently embossed an American eagle. 
Pants of light blue ; shoes, stockings of wool, underclothing, 
white cotton gloves for guard duty, dress parade, and other occa- 
sions; a dark blue cloth cap, with patent leather visor, and having 
at each end a small United States regulation Army button, and on 
the top of the cap metallic letters indicating the company and 
regiment of the wearer. The United States regulation hat, was 
a black felt, the crown usually dented in from front to back, the 
wide brim caught up on the left side, and secured there by 
a large brass eagle, for ornament, and on the front the usual me- 
tallic letters indicating the company and regiment. Around the 
crown of the hat was a large three strand silk and wool cord, the 
strands being ol different colors, on the ends of which were two 
silk tassels, which in connection with the gorgeous brass eagle 
and looped up side, gave the hat a jaunty and picturesque 
appearance. 

Each recruit was furnished with a musket and bayonet, 
those of the Forty-Fifth were from the Springfield Armory, and 
the latest pattern. Attached to the under side of these muskets 
was a wide leather strap, so arranged as to be drawn out and was 
used to sling the gun over the shoulder for ease in carrying on 
the march. With the musket was furnished a black leather belt, 
having a solid brass plate used as a buckle in front of the 
wearer, on which appeared the large letters, U. S. in relievo, and 
attached to the belt was a leather bayonet scabbard, with the 
end brass tipped, and also a leather cap box for holding percus- 
sion caps. Another wide black leather strap, made to pass over 
the right shoulder, on which was affixed about over the heart of 
the wearer as an ornament, a large solid brass disc with an Am- 



MEMORIES OF THE CI^IL WAR 367 

erican eagle in relievo, was used to sustain the black leather 
cartridge-box, on the flap of which in the centre was another 
oval brass piece, identical with that of the belt buckle, with the 
large letters U. S. in relievo again displayed. 

There was a knapsack of black enamelled cloth, a tin cloth- 
covered canteen, a haversack of water-proof material, having a 
strap to pass over the shoulder, a tin dipper, tin plates, knife, fork 
and spoons, two woolen blankets, and one of rubber. 

The weight of the Springfield musket was about 9^ lbs., 
cartridge box and plate 1.67 lbs., belt plate, bayonet scabbard and 
brass frog about one pound. Cartridge boxes were made to carry 
forty rounds, but on the marches in which the Forty-Fifth parti- 
cipated each man carried sixty rounds, weighing about 5 lbs., all 
of the above making a total of 17 lbs., to this must be added the 
weight of the blankets, canteen of water, haversack with three 
days' rations, as common on the march, an overcoat, all approx- 
imately 25 lbs., making a total of 42 lbs., which had to be car- 
ried by volunteers when on the march, on expeditions into the 
enemy's country. 

AROUND THE CAMP FIRE. 

We found on taking possession of our barracks at Camp 
Amory on the Trent that they were minus of chimnies, and as 
winter was at hand, it was necessary to provide warmth 
for the comfort of the men. As our regiment was composed of 
men from every walk of life and had skilled artisans in every 
mechanical trade, enough masons were found and detailed 
from the various companies to build the chimnies and the 
material was obtained from the old Planter's House nearby as 
described by comrade Mann in his paper on " Camp Amory on 
the Trent." 

These chimnies were constructed like those of the olden 
time with immense openings to allow the reception and burning 
full length cord wood. The huge fire-place was large enough for 
men to sit in the chimney when the fire had burned low, and left 
only the dying embers. The boys greatly enjoyed these cheerful 
and warmth-giving fires, and sat around the blazing pitch-pine logs 



368 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

during the long winter evenings, " swapping stories/' reading, 
writing, or playing cards, to relieve the tedium and monotony 
of army life. It was with great reluctance that we complied 
with army rules at the sounding of taps, which required the ex- 
tinguishing of candles, at the nightly order of " Lights Out !" 

A LITTLE FUN AFTER TAPS. 

One of the non-commissioned officers of Company I had 
made himself rather unpopular, because of his reporting some of 
the men for mere trivial violations of the unwritten " after taps " 
rules, and finally made one complaint which caused great indig- 
nation among the members of the company. This " non-com " 
occupied one of the top berths at the extreme end of the room 
against the partition which separated our company's quarters 
from that of another. He was the fortunate possessor of an im- 
mense tin dish pan, which, when not in use, was hung on a nail 
driven into the partition over his berth, making it quite a promi- 
nent feature, located high up, at the end of the company room, 
attracting the attention of all who entered. 

At that time nearly all the occupants of the berths had in- 
vested in the then recently dug crop of sweet potatoes purchased 
of " contrabands " and which, for lack of space elsewhere were 
usually stored in boxes, secured to the side of the building at one 
end of the berths. These were baked in the embers or boiled 
when desired, or when occasion demanded a light lunch on all- 
nio-ht guard duty. During the day following the unpleasantness 
alluded to, and the threat by the " non-com " that another viola- 
tion by any of the men, would bring dire consequences, one of 
the "boys" was seen by several members of the company, reach- 
ing far out from the berths, and significantly swinging his right 
arm, evidently, for the purpose of obtaining the right position 
and range, so that after dark the pan could positively be struck 
by a potato. That night after " Taps " was sounded and the 
cry given " Lights out !" — when all had settled down to quiet, a 
shadowy arm might have been seen by the adjoining " top bun- 
kers " reaching out as far as possible from the bunk, the connect- 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 369 

ing hand grasping a huge potato, which, after several experi- 
mental swings, was loosed, and the potato, shot as from a cata- 
pult, striking the target squarely, as intended, making a most 
terrific noise in the stillness of the night, the force of the impact 
loosening the pan, and causing it to tumble from its support, on- 
to the owner and from thence to the floor below, making in the 
latter fall, a most resounding racket, sending forth reverberations 
which could be heard in all the barracks. This caused much ex- 
citement and exhilaration among the men who manifested it by 
loud laughter and shouting which was taken up by the men in 
the adjoining room, and so passed along from one company's 
quarters to another, until the officer of the day and a detail of 
the guard arrived and visited the various company quarters, in 
order to ascertain the cause of the disturbance and great exuber- 
ance of spirit thus plainly manifested in forbidden hours. Upon 
their arrival, the men were apparently and (suspiciously) fast 
asleep, and in the quarters where the disturbance commenced, 
no one (?) knew anything at all about the cause of the fall and 
subsequent gyrations of the unfortunate dish pan, but the inno- 
cent sweet potato, smashed into innumerable fragments, which 
were scattered widely over the floor, in the vicinity, pointed in 
no uncertain manner to the primary cause of the uproar, and the 
smiling verdict of the investigating officer was clearly expressed in 
his soliloquy as he left the barracks, " Boys will be boys." 

ONE OF OUR BRAVE BOYS AT KINSTON. 

Comrade Brooks of Company I who was near the writer, was 
shot at the battle of Kinston. Upon receiving his wound he 
immediately jumped up and started to run to the rear for surgi- 
cal assistance when the writer and one or two others, shouted to 
him to come back and not expose himself unnecessarily, as at 
that particular time the concentration of the enemy's missiles, 
made it almost suicidal to stand erect, but he did not heed the 
advice, and was again shot, this time in a vital spot, which later 
caused his death. As he was being transported on a stretcher from 
the battlefield, he espied a rebel in the woods, and raising him- 
self up, fired his musket, which he still retained, and killed him. 



370 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

He died December 14th, 1862, the day of the battle. By a 
singular fatality his brother Frank was afterwards shot, and 
discharged October 23d on account of wounds. 

RATIONS. 

Among other remembrances of Army life, which have left an 
indelible impression on my mind, is that of " Falling in for 
Rations" — The outdoor life and exercise gave us most vora- 
cious appetites, in contrast to that of our usual home life. We 
were always ravenously hungry at meal times. At these tri-daily 
occurrences, the men fell " into line " with more than their usual 
alacrity, each with his quart tin dipper and plate, and cheerily 
marched to the Cook House for " Grub," where the ample dip- 
per was filled with coffee, sa?is milk, but invariably well sweet- 
ened with molasses, or crude brown sugar, which was closely 
allied to the sugary deposit, found in the bottom of molasses 
casks, while the large plate was invariably filled to over- 
flowing with good nutritious food. The victuals most fre- 
quently supplied were beans, to which a goodly supply of 
** treacle " was added in cooking, and thus formed a component 
part, and over these, as the cook dealt them out, was thrown, if 
desired, a liberal allowance of vinegar, and a dash of black 
pepper. Beans were alternated with " Salt Junk," the Army 
name — " Salthorse " the Navy name for corned beef, which was 
of the common and cheapest grades. Through the good ofiices 
of the Colonel, however, our regiment occasionally procured 
fresh beef, supposedly by his not drawing on the Commissary for 
the <'Saltjunk" to which the men were entitled, taking the value 
in money, and by adding to the amount thus obtained, we occa- 
sionally had a ration of fresh meat. 

Potatoes and other vegetables were plentifully supplied. 
Sometimes the cook varied the monotony of the corned beef 
boiled dinner, by freshening out the " Saltjunk " by soaking it in 
water several hours, and making a fresh " beef stew " with vege- 
tables. Hard tack was used for bread, except on rare occasions, 
and for dessert, we were daily given a full plate of boiled rice. 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 371 

over which was poured a plentiful supply of cheap black 
molasses, which " smelt to heaven " of rum. Occasionally, our 
" hard tack," owing to the warm climate of the South, combined 
with the extreme antiquity of the material, was found to be 
densely populated with "skippers," such as are sometimes found 
in cheese, and when the biscuit was broken, they " skipped " 
out. Whenever this happened, the remaining "tack " was sent 
back to the Commissary by the Quartermaster, and a fresh 
supply of more recent " bake " was delivered. On the whole, 
however, the food furnished by the Government, while at rigid 
variance and inferiority as to quality and daintiness to that to 
which the men were accustomed at home, was nevertheless, 
wholesome, and the hungry men invariably put it out of 
sight, with much "gusto." Of course it will be understood that 
the men had recourse to the Sutler's Establishment where con- 
densed milk, sugar, canned meats, and in fact almost anything 
could be purchased, and finally it was arranged with the cook, 
to serve coffee without treacle, and the Quartermaster furnished 
a better quality of brown sugar, which was acceptable, the men 
buying condensed milk of the Sutler. 

That the Government was frequently imposed upon by 
unprmcipled persons engaged in furnishing supplies is shown by 
the following incident. One day the Cook of Company I, Com- 
rade , whose occupation in civil life was that of a 
butcher, called the writer into the Cook House at Camp Amory 
on the Trent, when he had just opened a barrel of "Army Beef " 
(Salt Junk), and showed me a piece he had just taken out. He 
asked me if I knew what it was. I replied : " Why, corned 
beef, of course." He laughed and said it was undoubtedly horse 
or mule, and explained, at some length, that a beef creature had 
no such bone as was encased in that meat. There is no ques- 
tion but that he was correct, as he was an expert butcher, fully 
acquainted with the anatomy of beef animals, and consequently 
could not be mistaken. 

It is unnecessary to add that the men were not served with 
that meat, for after dark, it was consigned to a deep hole in the 



372 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

ground unknown to the boys or Quartermaster, as we concluded 
it would be best to say nothing about it, the balance of the meat 
in the barrel being all right. 

The writer, however, told his cousin Will, his bunkmate and 
companion, and it was some time before we felt'at all ravenously 
inclined for "Salt Junk " diet. 

REMINISCENCES. 

When the Forty-Fifth ceased firing at the battle of Kinston, 
on account of the retreat of the enemy, they left their dead 
where they had fallen and pushed on out of the swamp to where 
the Confederates had been in force, a large proportion of them 
having been ensconced behind rows of resin barrels for protection 
from Yankee bullets, from which position, in partial security 
from danger, they loaded, and kept up an incessant discharge of 
musketry at the Forty-Fifth, which, without cover, but taking 
advantage of military strategy, loaded and fired, lying down, 
and thus partially offset the disadvantage they labored under in 
their duel with the enemy, both sides, meanwhile " firing at 
will," /. e., each one loading and discharging his musket as 
rapidly as possible, without regard to any orders, or system, and 
notwithstanding the security of the position of the enemy's 
infantry, backed by a perfect avalanche of shot and shell from 
their artillery, the Yankees won. As Company I left this sad 
and gruesome scene of bloodshed and death, the writer and other 
members of the Company passed the body of their Company 
Comrade Charles E. Munroe, lying prostrate, with white up- 
turned face, as they supposed, dead, and this cast qn additional 
gloom and sadness over them, as he was well liked by all. The 
reader will readily imagine and understand our surprise some 
hours later when we were encamped in the town of Kinston, 
when he unexpectedly appeared among us. It was as if he had 
risen from the dead, for we all thought we had seen the last of 
him in this life. He was a good, patriotic, and brave boy, and 
was much esteemed by all who knew him, but was far from being 
in robust health and the excitement of the battle fray, augmented 
by being reduced to short rations, through the loss of our bag- 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 373 

gage wagons, and the loss of rest and the fatigue of the march, 
was more than nature could stand, and he was oblio-ed to 
succumb to the inevitable, and "fainted dead away." 

He was one who always performed his duty to the best of 
his ability, faithfully and well, as shown afterwards on this 
march, and with the company at Morehead City, Fort Macon, 
and Fort Spinola. He became inured to the hardships of 
Army life, but near the end of our term of service he was taken 
down, a few days previous to our departure for home, with that 
scourge of Army life in the South, "spotted fever," then pre- 
valent, and usually quickly fatal, and died in the Hospital at 
Newbern, June 22, 1863, the regiment embarking for Boston a 
day or two later, his body was brought home in the steamer. 
As there was no means then of telegraphing, on account of the 
intervening Confederate territory, we could not inform his 
parents, sisters and friends of his decease. 

They were on Boston Common with the thousands of rela- 
tives and friends of returning members of the regiment to o-reet 
him on his arrival home. 

The writer well remembers the dismay and sorrow of his 
family when they were informed of the sad circumstance and 
that his body was on the steamer then lying at Battery Wharf. 

It was one of the sorrowful, pathetic scenes of Army life 
that time will never efface from memory. 

SOME MEMORIES AND INCIDENTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO 
GOLDSBORO. 

Just before the army halted for the night on Saturday, the 
day before the battle of Kinston, the Forty-Fifth arrived at what 
appeared to be a sluggish stream of water, and as we had drained 
our canteens — all were eager to quench their thirst, and so drank 
copiously from the stream and then refilled our canteens. As 
the surface of the water was but a few inches below the bank of 
the stream or ditch, the sides of which were abrupt, and the water 
of some depth, the writer following the example of the others, 
laid down to reach the stream with his lips to drink, and in doing 



374 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

so, the musket, which was slung over his back by its strap, slipped 
over his head, plunged into the stream and was entirely sub- 
merged, but was quickly grabbed by the strap and saved before 
it sank to the bottom of the stream. The gun being loaded and 
the barrel filled with water, I thought the powder would be wet 
and thus render the charge useless. That night the writer tried 
to borrow a screw such as we used on the end of the ramrod to 
extract bullets, but could not find one among the members of 
Company I. Then I went to the captain and to members of 
other companies, but none of them had this important and ofttimes 
necessary article. Consequently it was impossible to replace the 
old charge with a new one. It was therefore with considerable 
misgiving that the writer entered the swamp at Kinston, as to the 
musket being of any value, but when the regiment opened fire on 
the Confederates, he was overjoyed upon pulling the trigger, to 
feel the musket respond and speak with its accustomed vigor, 
speeding the bullet true to aim into the enemy's ranks. It was 
a momentous occasion and one we shall never forget. 

For sometime previous to our being ordered into the swamp 
at Kinston to flank the Confederates, our batteries had been dili- 
gently shelling the woods in order to dislodge and drive out the 
enemy who were supposed to be in considerable force there, 
but through some mistake, or delay, orders were not received by 
them to desist until after the Forty-Fifth had entered the woods 
on the edge of the great swamp. In consequence of this, several 
shells were thrown in close proximity to the passing regiment, 
and one exploded right in its midst, one large piece of solid 
jagged cast-iron from the explosion torn missile, passing with 
terrific force directly over the writer and nearly buried itself 
in the trunk of a large tree, a foot above his head. This ex- 
plosion wounded several men and killed one outright, the con- 
cussion blowing the face entirely away but leaving the skull- 
Death was instantaneous and the peculiar circumstance was, the 
body became immediately rigid, dropping on hands and knees, 
and was in that position when the writer passed, and it was said, 
was found in the same position after the battle. 

j^s we were struggling through the mire and underbrush of. 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 375 

the swamp in order to flank the Confederates, the order was sent 
down the line to each company to "throw away blankets," as 
their weight and bulk retarded our progress, and would prove a 
serious hindrance in action. The blankets were thrown off the 
backs of the men into the swamp, without halting, as the regi- 
ment pressed forward to meet and engage the enemy, and were 
left so far behind that few of them were ever recovered. Some 
of our men were fortunate enough to find blankets which had 
belonged to members of other regiments, but the larger portion 
were obliged to go without and slept in their overcoats, that cold 
December night, on the frozen ground. After the battle and 
before our troops crossed the bridge to Kinston, the writer, while 
strolling about, came to a tent which had been occupied by some 
Confederate officers, and found there among other articles, some 
very fine blankets, much better and heavier than those carried 
by our troops, being of pure wool, while ours were part shoddy. 
These he quickly confiscated and deemed himself unusually fortu- 
nate, and that night, he and his cousin, William H. Reed of 
Company f, cuddled comfortably together, with two blankets 
over and one beneath. A day or two afterwards, the tortures we 
were enduring led us to make a critical examination of the 
blankets, aad we found them filled with that insect pest of army 
days " gray backs." 

In passing through the swamp, Company I passed an officer 
of another regiment behind a large tree, who was brandishing 
his sword in the air, and yelling at the top of his voice, " Go it 
boys, go for them, etc." As our company had several men who 
had seen military service abroad, this action excited their ire, and 
one of them raised his musket and ordered the officer out on 
penalty of being shot, and as he saw the man was in earnest, he 
was forced to vacate his shield, the tree, and march on. We 
never learned who he was, or of what regiment. 

In that battle in the swamp each man loaded and fired at 
will, and one of the members of Company I, a " Cape Codder," in 
the excitement of the occasion, and his'desire to fire again quickly, 
after loading his musket forgot to remove the ramrod. Conse- 
quently when he pulled the trigger, away went musket ball, ramrod 



376 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

and all, fortunately and miraculously not bursting the barrel, but 
causing a most terrific " kick " of the* musket which made his 
shoulder ache for some time. His comrades frequently joked 
him afterwards, in regard to this incident, facetiously saying, 
that he was so accustomed to stringing alewives and other fish on 
rods, that he was trying to string rebels on his ramrod. He was 
a good fellow, brave and well liked and this " jollying " was not 
intended to disparage him in the least. 

In the battle some of the members of the Forty-Fifth came 
very near firing upon a regiment of Pennsylvania troops, which 
was coming through the woods, mistaking them for Confederates, 
as they were uniformed in a butternut gray, very similar in color 
to that of the enemy. Their exhibition of the United States 
colors alone prevented the catastrophe. 

One of our comrades had a pack of playing cards in the 
breast pocket of his coat. A rifle or musket ball from the Con- 
federate lin^s passed nearly through the pack leaving him unin- 
jured, save a slight bruising of the skin. 

When the regiment was at Camp Meigs, Readville, Mass., 
before leaving for the seat of war, we were visited by a salesman, 
who exhibited and offered for sale, a " Yankee Invention," in the 
shape of a steel vest, to be worn under the blouse, which was in- 
tended to be bullet proof. Very few of them were sold and for 
various reasons, namely, they were not actually bullet proof — 
they generally caused the deflection of a bullet, so that it would 
glance and perhaps fatally injure some other soldier, and last? 
but not least, most of the men felt that their bravery would be 
called in question if they wore one. Among those who bought 
one of these vests was Comrade Frost of Company I. During 
the battle of Kinston he was struck in the cheek and the bullet 
passed through his mouth, tearing out nearly all of his teeth and 
coming out on the other side. After his recovery he was fre- 
quently jollied about the vest and told he had the article on in 
the wrong place, that he should have worn it over his face, as a 
helmet. It is needless to add, that the vest was discarded, and 
we believe all others in the regiment were also. 

After the regiment came out of the swamp at Kinston in 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 377 

broken detachments owing to the battle fray and the difficulty of 
getting through the mire and underbrush, the writer, his cousin, 
W. H. Reed, and a few others stood together in a group watch- 
ing the retreating Confederates and the burning bridge, which the 
enemy had fired, to prevent the crossing of our troops. The 
Confederates from their intrenchments across the river were still 
firing shot and shell in our direction, and one shell, of the round 
type, in which was inserted a time fuse, came rolling along 
towards the group, its force nearly spent, with the fire splutter- 
ing and liable to explode at any second. It stopped about where 
we had stood, as we all quickly separated as it approached, to give 
it " right of way " all anxious to get as far away as possible 
before the explosion. At this time when the exigency of the 
occasion seemed to demand the putting of as much distance as 
possible between us and the sizzling missile of death, one of the 
men of the regiment, whose identity has unfortunately been lost 
in memory during the years that have intervened, ran up, grabbed 
the smoking shell and quickly threw it into the ditch alongside 
which was filled with water, which instantly put out the burning 
fuse, and thereby saved some, if not all of that group, from death. 
It was an act of real heroism, combined with great presence of 
mind, and we regret exceedingly that we cannot recall the name 
of this brave man. 



The poor whites of North Carolina who lived in the dense 
pitch-pine forests and were engaged in the business of tapping 
the trees and converting the sap into tar, rosin and spirits of tur- 
pentine, were generally of a very low order of intelligence, about 
on a par with the ordinary negro of that time, very few being 
able to read or write, and the recruits from this district in their 
dirty butternut colored clothing, a mere apology for a uniform, 
looked like tramps, most of them having long, straight yellow 
hair, falling almost to their shoulders. Several companies of in- 
fantry were recruited by the Confederates from among these 
people and they formed part of several of the North Carolina 
regiments, but the majority of the Southern soldiers were of a 
much higher standard of intelligence. 



378 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Among the nearly five hundred Confederates, which Com- 
pany I held vinder guard as prisoners, for a short time after the 
battle of Kinston, the writer conversed with several, some men 
of intelligence, but the majority of them from companies re- 
cruited from the tar and turpentine forest sections of that State. 
One of the latter gentlemen ? volunteered the information that 
"We uns' 'lowed (allowed) we could lick you uns out of your 
beuts (boots) but you Yanks are mighty good fighters." 



Another volunteered the remark that the Confederate officers 
considered the swamp impassable to a besieging army, and 
another said an officer told his men " If the d — Yanks did get 
through, they would retreat quickly under their concentrated 
artillery and infantry fire." 



Most of the prisoners, particularly the more intelligent, 
expressed themselves as well pleased at being captured, as 
many of them had been taken from their families by enforced 
conscription and had but little heart in the Confederate cause. 
On this memorable march we often came across contrabands 
with whom the men conversed, oftentimes with much delec- 
tation, their odd way of talking, their description of their 
masters, and their ideas of freedom, being very laughable. Many 
thought they would never have to work any more, but would live 
in the " Norf," which in their estimation was a " land flowing 
with milk and honey " without labor. Their ideas as to distance 
were also very ludicrous. When asked how far it was to some 
certain place ahead, they would reply, " Well, Sah, 'bout a right 
smart mile (or some other specified number of miles) I reckon." 
These Southern "right smart, I reckon," miles invariably proved 
a very delusive estimate, and generally would be found to be cor- 
rect if multiplied at least by the number 3. Several hundred of 
the " contrabands " fell in the wake of the army and accompanied 
it to New Berne in their desire for freedom, but we found many 
who would under no consideration leave masters who had always 
well treated and cared for them, and who had now none but 
good words for their " Massa " and " Missus " and their children. 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 379 

Among those who participated in the engagements of^^Kin- 
ston and Whitehall several men were entirely deprived of the 
power of speech by the windage of projectiles from the Confed- 
erate Artillery or by the explosion of shells near their faces, 
causing a partial paralysis of the nerves of the tongue. These 
men were dumb for days, and some of them for weeks, before 
the nerves resumed their functions, making articulation again 
possible, and thereby renewal of speech. 

During this period of enforced silence the unfortunate vic- 
tim could express his thoughts and desires only by chirography, 
and consequently each one so afflicted carried constantly a slate 
and pencil, or pencil and paper. 

This resultant effect of closely passing shot and shell is of 
common occurrence in battles where artillery is used, as the mis- 
siles in their rapid flight create a great atmospheric pressure in 
front, and a corresponding vacuum behind, consequently when 
they pass or a shell explodes close to the face, in which latter 
case the shock and atmospheric disturbance is still more intense, 
it causes the person to gasp and lose breath through the windage 
or suction, thus affecting the tongue and resulting in temporary 
loss of voice. 



A solid shot from one of the Confederate batteries came 
tearing through the Virgina rail fence some distance in front of 
us and instantly killed Comrade Boerdhouse of Company I, who 
was the next man on my left. Captain Rich instantly asked who 
was killed, and some one who thought it was the writer, replied 
"Reed," but I answered "No, it was Boerdhouse." Comrade 
Wilson of Company I, who was the next man to the writer on 
his right, was soon after shot in the wrist and this leads me to 
relate the following anecdote regarding him. Wilson had seen 
service in the Crimean War, and could handle a musket in such 
an expert manner, in fancy movements, and go through the 
manual of arms with such lightning rapidity that it was simply 
wonderful. He often told of his former military service much to 
the entertainment of his comrades, who were nearly all raw re- 
cruits, and frequently expressed the hope that the regiment would 



380 THE FOUTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

soon be engaged in battle strife. After the battle of Kinston he 
said, "Ah, boys, that is what I like," but at Whitehall he was 
for the first time wounded, and thereafter, although some of the 
boys would occasionally ask him, referring to the battle of White- 
hall, "if that was what he liked," he had but little to say. The 
bullet which was afterwards extracted he wore as a charm on his 
watch chain after his recovery. 

Once on the march to Goldsboro, the army halted for the 
night in an immense cornfield and huge campfires were kindled 
and maintained throughout the night, for warmth, the men con- 
fiscating the surrounding Virginia rail fences for fuel. After 
making coffee and hastily swallowing rations, the boys prepared 
to " turn in " for the night as usual, with rubber blankets on the 
ground, to keep out the dampness, and woolen ones over them, 
but they had reckoned without their host, for they soon dis- 
covered that restful sleep was there impossible owing to the 
unevenness caused by the corn hills, and this was much augmented 
by the stubble which had been pulled up by the men in the vain 
endeavor to level these rounded hills. We do not know through 
whose inadvertence a camp was selected in such a spot, particu- 
larly at such an inopportune time, when the men required sound 
refreshing sleep if they ever did in their lives. Many and loud 
were the imprecations heard as the men turned and twisted dur- 
ing the night, with aching backs and sides, in the fruitless 
endeavor to relieve the tedium by frequently changing their 
position. 



The day of the battle of Goldsboro the Forty-Fifth, owing 
to its colonel being officer of the day of the army, was the rear 
guard of the entire Federal expedition, and consequently on the 
return march the nearest to the Confederate forces, a position of 
great responsibility and danger in case the enemy should charge 
with infantry or cavalry the rear of the column. The regiment 
had under its protection and care, all the wagons and vehicles 
used on the march. These contained baggage, commissary and 
quartermasters' stores, ammunition, etc. Among these were the 
ambulances and other vehicles of the hospital department, which 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 381 

contained surgeon's and medical supplies, tents, cots, etc. Every 
military organization connected with the expedition had its 
wagons containing provisions and other supplies with the single 
exception of the Forty-Fifth, which had lost theirs, through the 
breaking of a bridge the second day out of New Berne, which pre- 
cipitated wagon and four horses into the creek below Being 
therefore without food supplies, they had been very scantily pro- 
vided for, by partial rations taken from other regiments, and con- 
sequently the men had sought food elsewhere, and had subsisted 
largely by foraging, often on the march, going off quite a distance 
from the main column. The writer well remembers the hotly ex- 
pressed indignation of himself and comrades on one occasion, 
directly after the loss of the regimental stores, when, after being 
on the march from early sunrise to nearly midnight, during which 
the men had subsisted on raw sweet potatoes and peanuts, having 
no time to cook them, and having thrown themselves down, and 
dropped at once into sound sleep, were awakened and presented 
by the quartermaster's department with one half of a "hard 
tack " each. Most of the men were so irate that they would not 
deign to eat it, but threw it away, needing rest more than the 
food, and quickly dropped into sound, refreshing sleep. 



During the battle of Goldsboro, a train arrived within the 
lines of the enemy, containing re-enforcements, being packed full 
to overflowing with Confederates, and while still in rapid motion, 
was fired upon by the Union batteries, whose shot and shell 
created great damage, both to the men and the rolling stock of 
the Confederates. When a projectile struck the train the in- 
mates were evidently panic-stricken and did not wait for the cars 
to stop, but piled out indiscriminately, one over^the other, jump- 
ing off the car platforms aad some even forcing themselves 
through the car windows, so eager were they to get out of danger 
of the Yankee artillery missiles, evidently believing the old say- 
ing, " Everybody for himself and the devil take the hindermost." 
The scene was much enjoyed by all who had the fortune to 
witness it. 



382 THE FOUTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

On our return march after the battle of " Goldsboro Bridge,'-' 
the army bivouacked one night near the scene of our first en- 
gagement in Kinston Swamp, and the following morning resumed 
our homeward march, passing very close to the site of the bridge 
over the Neuse which was burned, by our troops, after crossing 
it, the day following the battle. The news of the return of the 
Union Army and its close proximity to the town caused renewed 
consternation, amounting to a panic, among the few Confederate 
troops, the town people and Confederate sympathizers, who were 
in the town, as they expected the army would this time take per- 
manent possession of Kinston. The column, however, kept on 
its way to New Berne, but this time avoided the round about 
way which they had previously travelled, and took the main 
direct road, which the enemy expected General Foster would 
follow on his outward march which was thoroughly fortified at 
one point with earth works for artillery, and rifle pits for infantry, 
all so concealed as to be practically an ambuscade, that they 
might surprise and entrap some of the regiments constituting the 
head of the column, and thereby carry dismay and possibly defeat 
to the entire army. General Foster was, however, too wary and 
able an officer to be caught in any such spider's web, as he had 
ascertained all these facts from his scouts. Here he brought 
his wonderfurstrategetical ability into play, to checkmate this plan 
of the Confederates — that same ability which had served him 
before, and continued to serve him while in his country's service. 
He abandoned the direct road to Kinston, taking a round about 
route, entailing many more miles of marching, in a somewhat 
different direction but still on a road, from which later on, by 
cross-roads, the expedition could reach Kinston and by so doing 
avoided one useless engagement, which would have resulted in a 
severe loss of life and perhaps defeat. Such was Foster's strategy 
that the enemy believed that he intended to force his way over 
the main road into their network of ambuscaded rifle pits and 
masked batteries. By making a feint in that direction with a 
small portion of his troops he kept the enemy from transferring 
his forces to any point which would interfere with, or cut oft' the 
Union Army from safely and peaceably reaching the outskirts of 



MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR 383 

Kinston, and this farce he kept up until the main body of the 
Union Army was miles on its way and beyond molestation from 
that batch of the Confederate forces. These abandoned ambus- 
cades and earth works we saw on this return march, passing 
them in the road where they were plainly exposed to view, and 
we all realized how formidable the enemy would have proved in 
these intrenchments had we fallen into the trap set for us. 

As the Forty-Fifth approached the bridge over the Trent on 
its return march from the Goldsboro Expedition and came in 
sight of their camp grounds and barracks across the river, the 
regimental band struck up " Home Sweet Home." It is needless 
to say that every one of those tired, footsore and begrimed war- 
riors was truly thankful to get back to his old quarters after that 
wearisome ten days march of privation and carnage, during which 
they had traveled about two hundred miles over loose sand roads, 
through muck and mire, forded streams, subsisted partly on raw 
sweet potatoes and raw peanuts, after the loss of the regimental 
stores, fought in battle strife, and had not once been under cover, 
save the canopy of heaven, slept on the frozen ground, wrapped 
in blankets during those cold December nights when the water in 
the canteens was frozen in the morning, and had to be thawed 
out over the camp fires, before the thirst could be appeased. 
During this time, of course, their clothing had not once been 
removed — when wet and saturated as it had been on more- than 
one occasion, it had to dry on the men. Often there was no 
water to wash the face and hands, and such looking hands and 
faces, blackened by the greasy soot from the pitch-pine camp 
fires, and burning woods through which they had forced their 
way, after the Confederates had set fire to the turpentine forests 
to cut off their return — pores' so filled with grime, that soap and 
water would not remove it, or aught but time. Can the reader 
wonder at their sincere thankfulness and satisfaction at reaching 
what was for the time being, home to them, where they could 
enjoy a bath, a change of dothing, cooked food, and a good 
night's rest under a " roof tree "^with clothing removed. 

Many prayers went up that night to God for loved ones far 



384 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

away, and thankfulness for their own preservation and safe return, 
for the men of the Forty-Fifth Regiment were generally of a re- 
ligious trend of mind. 



While the Cadet Regiment was composed almost entirely of 
Protestants we know that all will acknowledge the truth of the 
following quotation, and join in paying grateful tribute to the 
noble women therein referred to. Religion played no part with 
them io ministering to the sick and wounded. They did their 
full duty faithfully and well, to Protestant and Catholic alike. 
God bless these women! Surely they will have their reward in 
the other world, if not in this. 

We know all will echo the following sentiment: 
"To Mother Madeline and the Sisters of Mercy, who by 
their tender care and skilful nursing, lightened the pains and 
ennui of many a poor sufferer in the Stanley Hospital at New 
Berne, and who stood the only representative of mother, sisters 
and home, by the bedsides of our dying soldiers, we owe our 
earnest and sincere thanks." 




FRANK A. FIELD, COMPANY A 



''(|)urjStlent absent' 



J^//^/ /nod A{e/i xii€€n^Jfi€ /?/i€?n^U€J,/C^ 



^Ji£yMf(/mi(^€^M<^atAma/u:Mt!u^ 




meminiieiccuccjS and 3IitciDeiTtjS of 9lrmp life in 
0on\^ Carolina in tl^c €igl)ttent]^ 

A LESSON IN MILITARY ETIQUETTE. 

Y first experience in Military Etiquette was quite a 
novel one, which I shall never forget, and happened 
in the following manner. Our regiment had been 
sworn in at Readville, and we came into Boston 
to listen to a public oration given in our honor. We were lined 
up on Boston Common, all "spick and span" in our new 
uniforms, waiting for the services to commence. The Governor 
was about to deliver his address, when it was discovered 
that Colonel Codman was absent. As luck would have it, 
I was despatched as an orderly to go to the Colonel's house, 
and inform him thai everything was in readiness, and we were 
waiting for him. I proceeded on the " Double Quick " and soon 
arrived at the Colonel's home. Ringing the bell I inquired of 
the servant who opened the door if the Colonel was in, and 
being answered in the affirmative, removed my cap as I entered. 
As I was shown into the room where the Colonel was seated, I 
bowed most politely. The Colonel looked at me very sternly for 
a little while and then gave me the following advice, for my 
future guidance : — "A Soldier neve/ takes his cap off, but salutes 
in the following manner :"— (giving me the salute, which I 
returned, after hurriedly adjusting my cap.) I thanked him as 
well as my confusion permitted. He then inquired the nature 
of my visit, which I briefly stated. "All right," he answered, 
" report back to your company. I will be there about the same 
time you will." We saluted each other, and then parted, and I 
returned to my company a wiser soldier. 

OUR FIRST ENGAGEMENT. 

" Now, men, we are going in to face the Enemy ; the first man 

385 



386 THE FORTY-FIFTIJ REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

I see running away, I will be a worse Enemy to him than to any in 
front." Colonel Codman rode up and down on horseback as he 
issued these orders to the 45th Massachusetts, as we were lined 
up for our first engagement at Kinston, N. C, December 14th, 
1862 " We were all more or less frightened " writes C. S. Pike," 
" and had there been a favorable opportunity to run without any- 
body seeing me, I would be running yet." Orders were issued 
to " Forward March ! " and we proceeded on our way. The 
fighting had already commenced, and the shots, only a little in 
advance, could be distinctly heard. On our way we met two 
men carrying a wounded soldier of the gallant- 9th New Jersey, 
and the sight of his bloody appearance gave me a creepy feeling 
down my back. 

Our regiment advancing, must have cheered the poor fellow, 
for as we passed, his face lighted up with a smile, and he 
shouted, ''Go in boys, and give them ." And we deter- 
mined after that, to go in, and come what might, we would be 
prepared for it. As we reached the firing line, we were ordered 
to lie down, in order to avoid the enemy's fire. The " Johnnies " 
were invisible, but from the number of shots fired, and the way 
they picked us, there must have been quite a lot of them. Di- 
rectly in front of us were clumps of hedges and bushes, and from 
behind these we were firing across a road, on the other side of 
which were more trees and bushes. Wherever we saw a puff of 
smoke, or the head of a "Johnnie" we fired, and after a few 
shots we got right down to business. Nothing daunted the 
" rebs " returned our fire, with interest. We had been fighting 
for some time, when suddenly from the rear, a loud shout was 
heard, and Lieut. Alfred Winsor and fifteen or twenty men 
jumped out to the road to close in on the " Johnnies " What a 
sight met our eyes ! There were the " Johnnies " behind a rail 
fence popping away at us from all sides. 

An old house, somewhat back from the line was lined with 
" rebs." From behind the chimney they were shooting down at us. 

In the excitement Lieut. Winsor lost his revolver, and a shot 
struck the end of my cartridge box, and bent the brass letters, 
" U. S." Lieut. Winsor, seeing the hopelessness of the situation 







EDMUND F. PARTRIDGE, CO. I 
WALTER M. FISHER, CO. C 



CORP. (;EI)RGE L. HAINES, CO. D 
CHARLES S. PIKE, CO. H 



BEMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 387 

ordered, "About face," " double quick, march ! " — You may be 
sure his orders were promptly obeyed. We lost quite a number 
of men that day, and from that time on, we considered ourselves 
well seasoned soldiers. 

" ON PICKET." 

Company H had received orders to detail several men for 
picket duty — while the regiment was located at Camp Amory 
on the Trent, and I happened to be one of those selected for 
that duty. I was stationed next to the outer picket. This was 
my first experience. We took turns and all went well, until my 
turn came. I had been on duty but a short time when, all of a 
sudden, the outer guard fired his gun. 

No sooner had the men who were with me heard the report, 
than they all made for a big tree, leaving me all alone. 

It was up to me to fire my gun, also, so as to give the alarm, 
which I accordingly did. It is not the most pleasant feeling in 
the world, to be alone at night on guard, knowing that some- 
thing was amiss, and expecting any moment to be shot down by 
a buUetfrom the " rebs." I don't think I ever reloaded my gun 
quicker than I did that night. I was certainly scared, but I knew 
I had to wait there, until the Officer of the Guard arrived. In 
a few moments I saw a man approaching, and shouted to him. 
" Halt, who comes there ? "_ " The Officer of the Day with the 
Countersign," he answered. " Advance and give the Counter- 
sign " which he did, to my great relief. He then enquired the 
cause of the trouble, and upon my informing him, that it was at 
the outer picket post, he proceeded to investigate. Returning 
afterwards he reported everything O. K. The outer picket had 
fired at a boat going up the river. The alarm caused quite a 
commotion in our camp across the river. In their hurry many 
of the men turned out, minus hats, coats and shoes, while some 
even forgot their guns. 

OUR COLOR BEARER, THEODORE PARKMAN. 

The Color Sergeant of Company H was one of those rare 
men whom we meet once in a lifetime. 



388 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

He rarely thought of himself, but always of others. On the 
march, and when facing the enemy, he would assist others, either 
with a helping hand, or with some timely fatherly advice. 
Theodore Parkman, of Newton, Massachusetts, was the son of 
a clergyman, and surely no son ever followed more closely in his 
father's footsteps, than did our beloved Color Sergeant. 

In the evening, in the camp, after " Dress Parade," and after 
the bloody battle of Kinston, he would gather the men of his 
Company around him, and speak of things that made us all better 
and nobler men. But his good work was suddenly cut short, on 
that sad day at Whitehall, N. C, December 16th, 1862, when we 
were supporting a battery in that fight. All of us in Company 
H, and also every man in the Forty-Fifth deeply mourned his 
loss, for he was one of the best and noblest men in the regiment. 

" WHEN THE BAND COULDN'T PLAY." 

We were guarding the baggage wagons at Goldsboro', N. C.,. 
December 17, 1862, and simultaneously eating that delicious 
substance known as " hard tack," while our battery was some 
distance ahead, giving it hot and heavy to the " rebels." 

Soon the word came in that our battery was victorious, and 
had utterly routed the " rebs." Our bandmen, who had halted 
near us, were regaling themselves with liberal helpings of " hard 
lack " and when they heard the good news,they started in to play 
the "Star Spangled Banner." The music had progressed but a 
little ways when we noticed several musicians blowing very strenu- 
ously, without producing any sound. Others put their eyes to- 
the mouth piece hoping to locate the trouble, and giving a part- 
ing blow, stopped. Finally the whole band had to give up, amid 
roaring laughter on all sides. 

The rest of us knew what the trouble was, the men had their 
mouths M\ of hard tack, and we gave the band cheer after 
cheer. Never before was the •' Star Spangled Banner " so fitfully 
rendered, and thereafter the bandmen took great care to remove all 
particles of food from their mouths before rendering any music. 

"a wet time." 
We had a very difficult and disagreeable march on the 28th. 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 389 

day of April 1868, when orders were issued to go out and 
demolish some earthworks which the "Johnnies" had erected up 
the Neuse River. 

We marched along the railroad track, and it commenced to 
rain, as I never saw it rain before. It came down by bucket- 
fulls, and it seemed the farther we marched, the harder it rained, 
until we were actually wading in water. But we had to keep on 
marching, and the water grew deeper and deeper. Imagine 
pushing your way through water, waist deep, with a gun, 100 
rounds of cartridges, a blanket, and raining pitchforks, and you 
will have some idea of how we marched that day. 

We had 40 rounds in our Cartridge boxes, and 60 rounds in 
our blouse pockets. When we examined our ammunition we 
found what we had in our cartridge boxes was all right, while 
that in our blouse pockets were minus the powder, it had all been 
washed away. We approached the earthworks, with a great deal 
of circumspection, and the " Johnnies " after the exchange of a few 
volleys had given us leg bail — It may be stated that Company H 
took the "Johnnies" departure all in good part, not one of us 
swearing or using any emphatic language. Our Company K was 
the Color Company, and the next day being May Day, it occurred 
to me that it would be a good idea to make a wreath for our flag. 
Accordingly on our way back from the capture of the earthworks 
I gathered a bunch of wild flowers, to be used the next day in 
decorating the flag. We marched nearly all that night, halting 
at one o'clock in the morning.when we went into bivouac and slept 
until daylight. When I got up in the morning my tent mate 
looked at me in a surprising manner, and asked me if I felt sick. 
" I told him that I never felt better " — " Why, my good fellow," 
he exclaimed, " you have the small pox " When the Surgeon 
examined me, he pronounced it " measles " caused by our nauti- 
cal march of the previous day. — Measles or no measles, I was 
determined to make the wreath, and placing the flowers beside 
me on the ground, I sat on a low stump and commenced the 
wreath. When about half way through I fell over unconscious. 
In this state they found me, and I was transported in a platform 
car, to Newberne, a rubber blanket thrown over me. The Flag 



390 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

got no decoration on that day. I had all the decoration on my 
face, besides a two week's stay in the Hospital. 

Charles S. Pike of Company H. 



COMPANY I, AT FORT MACON. 

Benson J. Lossing, the historian, who visited Fort Macon in 
1864, tells us that the fort was built of brick and stone, and 
named in honor of Nathaniel Macon, a distinguished statesman 
of North Carolina. Built for defence against a foreign foe, its 
principal strength in masonry and guns, was toward the sea, and 
it perfectly commanded the narrow ship channel at the entrance 
to the harbor. 

The Confederate flag that was displaced by the National 
banner was made of the old United States flag, that was over the 
fort when the insurgents seized it, a few months previous. The 
red and white stripes had been ripped apart, and then put to- 
gether so as to form the broad bars of the Confederate flag. The 
superfluous stars had been cut out, and the holes thus made, were 
left. 

From the reports of General Burnside and Commodore 
Lockwood, we are informed, that, "the troops of the garrison 
were held as prisoners of war on parole until duly exchanged, the 
number being about five hundred. The officers were allowed to 
retain their side arms ; and both officers and men had the privi- 
lege of saving their private effects. In this conflict the Nationals 
lost only one man killed, and two wounded. The Confederates 
lost seven killed and eighteen wounded. The fruits for the victor 
were the important fort ; the command of Beaufort harbor ; 
twenty thousand pounds of powder ; one hundred and fifty 10- 
inch shells ; two hundred and fifty B2-pound shot ; one hundred 
and fifty 8-inch shot, and four hundred stand of arms." 

" The Confederate commander of Fort Macon, at the time 
of its capitulation, was Colonel Moses T. White, a nephew of 
Jefferson Davis, who declared he would not yield until he had 
eaten his last biscuit and slain his last horse " 

Our company was detached from the regiment and assigned 
to dutyat Fort Macon, North Carolina. We were drilled in heavy 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 391 

artillery and soon became expert shots. We were quartered in 
the casemates of the fort and felt quite secure as we laid down at 
night. We had charge of about forty criminals, some with ball 
and chain. Others had more freedom, but were obliged to saw 
all the wood that was burned in the casemates. We were very 
fond of oysters, and could go out any time and get all that we 
wanted and I tell you, comrades, they tasted good. Once in a 
while there would come a high south wind, and if there were any 
blackfish that were after their dinner, and they got a good school 
of fish between them and the shore, they would drive them 
in, in a big wave, and the school of fish would be thrown high 
and dry upon the beach, and I have seen at least five hundred 
barrels of fish left there by the receding wave, and sometimes 
eight or ten blackfish. These latter were from ten to fifteen 
feet long and weighing from one thousand to fifteen hundred 
pounds. Whenever this happened and the boys in the fort found 
it out, they would hitch up a pair of mules and haul in fish 
enough for five hundred men. 

We used to go up the island hunting ducks, when we came 
off guard and could get a pass. The island was about fif- 
teen miles long and only one family lived there, whose name 
was Wade, the family consisting of Mr. and Mrs. Wade, two 
daughters and one son. We used to like to call on them, when 
out on our strolls, and get them to cook us a hoe cake in the 
ashes of the fire place. They were not much like our New Eng- 
land girls for they were "snuff dippers " and would sit with their 
snuff sticks in their mouths, and in their hair plenty of live 
stock, but as long as the hoe cake was free from such pests we 
did not mind. Bacon and duck's eggs and hoe cake was a fine 
dinner in those days, after a tramp of six miles to the house. 

We had the time of our lives in old Fort Macon. The 
officers used to go through the quarters after " taps" (9 o'clock) 
and all the lights were out. We always had a good big fire in 
our fire p'laces, and just before 9 o'clock the boys would put on 
lots of pine wood, so that when "taps " sounded we had a good 
bright light in the casemates from those resinous pine logs. The 
officers on duty would come around again and make a great 



392 TRE FORTY-FIFTR REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

fuss because there was so much light. We got tired of their 
complaining and decided to give them all that was coming to 
them, so we got together all the old turnips, potatoes, cabbages, 
cast ol¥ stockings, etc., and these we wet, and when a good dark 
night came and everything was ready we threw on a lot of wood 
just before " taps," and it was not long before the officers came in 
and said " we want these casemates dark," and they put the fires 
out with pails of water and when they thought they had accom- 
plished their object and had given us a good reprimand and were 
ready to leave, at a given signal, they got it from all quarters of 
the room. All our implements, prepared for the occasion, were 
hurled at them, and a madder set of men than those officers, no 
one ever saw. They swore they would have every one of us in 
the casemates court-martialled but finally concluded to do no- 
thing about it. After that no officer ever came in to put out our 
fires. They gave us a wide berth in that respect and from that 
time on we had all the light we wanted. 

We used to watch for the mail steamer that came from the 
North twice a week, and as it passed by the fort we felt well as- 
sured it had many welcome letters from home for us. Then we 
had the boxes from our families and friends, filled solid full with 
o-ood things for our comfort. Beaufort is just across the bay and 
I used to go over there in the middle of the winter, when every- 
thing in the North was covered with snow and ice, but in Beau- 
fort the flowers in bloom, and the leaves on the trees all green. 
The residents there all used white sand on their floors. I was 
often stationed on picket up the island. Once while lying in a 
bough tent, with cedar leaves for a bed on the ground, I thought 
I heard a peculiar rush under my head. On investigation I found 
three copperhead snakes just keeping warm and they appeared 
to be enjoying themselves. Had they bitten us, we would have 
been dead in five minutes. 

In the fort we had a baker who made a big batch of 
the nicest gingerbread, once a week. He had no trouble in sell- 
ing it quickly at 25 cents a pound, and every comrade of Com- 
pany I will testify that it was very good. 

Target practice with the big guns was often indulged in. 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 393 

One occasion of this kind I distinctly remember, as it concerned 
our washerwoman, who, by the way was a man. He had his line 
of clothes out to dry and that day we were firing shells. They 
cut the fuse too short, and they burst soon after leaving the can- 
non, and the guns being depressed too much, the clothes on the 
line were all cut to pieces. More than that the shells put an un- 
timely end to two mules and five hogs, that were quietly feeding 
on the grass plot. 

We were glad when our term of service nearly expired 
and we joined the rest of the regiment at New Berne preparatory 
to leaving for home. 

Private D. W. Fisher of Company I. 



COMPANY C. 

Early in August, 1862, E. J. Minot, afterwards captain, 
was authorized to recruit a company for the Forty-Fifth Regiment. 
Men were enlisted from Boston and surrounding towns, Frank- 
lin's entire ^uota of (38) thirty-eight men, under Lincoln's call for 
nine months' men, including Lieutenant L. R. Whitaker, forming 
a part of this Company. 

At a meeting of the recruits and citizens in the Old Town 
Hall at Franklin a few days before going into camp at Read- 
ville. Rev. William M. Thayer, the author and temperance lec- 
turer, in closing his remarks to the recruits, requested all who 
wished, to come forward and take the temperance pledge before 
going away ; it is needless to say, all signed ; and so far as the 
writer remembers, it was faithfully kept. 

Early in September, we went to camp at Readville with 
nearly full ranks, the third company to arrive, each man carry- 
ing his own blanket, as it was impossible for the government to 
furnish blankets as fast as they were required at that time. 

Company C was the Color Company, and held that position 
at all times when with the Regiment. While in camp on the Trent 
river, early in December, " C " was detailed for Provost Duty at 
Morehead City. The first days of duty then were far from pleas- 
ant ; the weather extremely cold, we had neither barracks nor 



394 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

tents but later secured a building formerly used for school room. 
By building bunks around the wall, and with plenty of wood in the 
open fire place we managed to keep comfortable, but duty here was 
both hard and exacting. We covered the whole peninsular above 
the village to the boat landing a mile below. In January we re- 
turned to the camp on the Trent in season to go on the Trenton 
expedition, and get our full share of the Mud March on the 
return. 

At Cove Creek " C " skirmished on both sides of the railroad 
until the enemy's camp and breast works were located beyond the 
DoverRoad ; holding their pickets until the Brigade came up 
late in the afternoon. 

Nearly one-half of " C " men responded to the call to quell 
the draft riots in Boston, in July, 1863, 

Walter M. Fisher of Company C. 



Sometime after the war, I was talking with Rev. Dr. A. L. 
Stone, the chaplain of our Regiment, and the conversation turned 
upon the efficiency of the Band as an Ambulance Corps, when 
he related the following incident out of his army experience. He 
said, "While the Regiment was under very heavy fire in one of 
the battles of the Goldsboro Expedition, I went onto the ground, 
with a stretcher carried by Myron W. Whitney and another com- 
rade and I said, ' Is not this fearful, Mr. Whitney?' " 

His quiet answer was one of the best practical lessons in 
simple Christianity that I ever received, " Is not God here, as 
much as anywhere. Dr. Stone?" 

Henry G. Wheelock, Serge ant- Major. 



COMPANY D. 

Many incidents come to mind as I recall my army experi- 
ence in North Carolina. One night I was doing picket duty on 
the banks of the old Trent river. The night was very dark and 
I was ordered to keep a sharp lookout for anything moving. 







CHARLES T. GARRET 
WELCOME J. JOHNSON 



EDMINIJ K. JOHNSON 
HERVEY S. JOHNSON 



BEMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 395 

About 1 o'clock in the morning I heard a slight noise, and chal- 
lenged twice, and receiving no answer took good aim and fired. 
This, of course, turned out the whole guard. Upon investigation 
it was found I had shot a cow. My aim was good for I had hit 
her in a vital spot. The boys had a good laugh over it, but I 
thought of the result, had it been a " Johnny reb." 

Albert L. Wheeler, Company D. 



The first member of the Forty-Fifth Regiment to fall in 
battle was Private Clarence Bassett of Company D. 

He was killed by a shell from a Union Battery, which was 
shelling the Confederate position. The Forty-Fifth was, at the 
time, marching by the flank, a short distance inside the edge of 
the woods, to get into position for the advance against the enemy. 
The battery was firing over the regiment and one of the guns, 
not having the muzzle sufficiently elevated, the shell struck a 
large tree and its course was turned so that it passed through 
the ranks of Company D, striking Bassett's head and killing him 
instantly. The writer was just in front of Comrade Bassett, and 
distinctly remembers this event 

By the same shell that killed Bassett the other three men in 
the file, Corporal Nye, and Privates Edward P. Jackson and 
Thomas L. Mercer, were all knocked insensible and slightly 
wounded, but soon recovered. 

It has always been the writer's recollection, that the shell 
struck the tree under a large limb, and this was what caused its 
deflection, as otherwise it would have passed over our heads. A 
comrade of our Regiment with whom I have talked regarding the 
incident, says that the shell struck the side of the tree and not 
under a limb. So do recollections of a forty-five year old event 
differ ! 

C. T. Carret, of Company D. 



Our Regiment was doing Provost Duty in New Berne and I 
was stationed at General Foster's Headquarters. 



396 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

He and his staff came out, and I saluted them with " Pre- 
sent Arms " and they all returned the salute, General Foster by 
taking off his cap. At the same time there was a Captain of 
a company passing along on horseback, and I saluted him, but 
he did not return the salute. 

General Foster approached me again, and I thought he was 
going to keep me busy, but he raised his cap, and remarked, 
" Never mind the salute, Sentry, but if that officer passes you 
twenty times, do not salute him, and if there is any trouble report 
to me." 

E. W. Childs, of Company D. 



Lieutenant Samuel Thaxter was First Lieutenant of Com- 
pany D. One day he was drilling the company and dressing up 
the line, and gave the command, " In there on the right," but as 
the line didn't straighten to suit him he walked up and punched 
Chipman and said, "Stick your belly in." Chipman replied, 
<' It wont go in. Lieutenant, it's natural." He turned his back to 
the Company and was convulsed with laughter for several min- 
utes, before he could continue the drill. He was a good officer, 
a brave man and beloved by all his Company. I understand 
that he has passed to the Great Beyond. Peace be to his ashes! 



Hunger forgets fatigue. The night before the Battle of 
Whitehall, when we went into bivouac, Tom and I were out after 
rails to build a fire, and on nearing camp, I said to Tom, as we 
were passing through a thicket, "Tom, if an old sheep was. to 
come out here, I don't believe I could run for it, hungry as I am." 
Hardly had the words passed my lips, before an old ram came 
out, and I no sooner spied him, before the rails were dropped, 
and I chased Mr. Ram. I made good time, but could not quite 
reach him with knife in hand. On my return to the bivouac, 
Tom was rolling on the ground, laughing and kicking up his heels, 
and said, " I thought you said you couldn't run, but " Chip " you 
made good time." 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 397 

On the voyage from Boston to Morehead City there was a 
certain member of Company D, who had been very seasick, and 
one afternoon as he stood on the bow of the old Mississippi^ he 
looked off at our consort, the gunboat Huron, and exclaimed, 
"Godfrey Mighty, how she pitches." After that he was always 
called, "Godfrey Mighty." 



A sad memory which clings to me to this day. After the 
battle was over at Kinston, I had permission to go back to the 
field and search for my blankets, and in my walk I saw what I 
supposed, was a wounded comrade, seated with his back to a 
stump, and as I drew near I saw that he held a pencil in one hand 
and paper in the other, and just as he had written, " Write 
Mother," death had called him home. He had answered the 
last "roll call " with that dear name, " Mother," on his lips. 

H. Chipiman, of Company D. 



SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE MUD MARCH. 

The feast, the flow, the papers, the music, the Roll Call, the 
familiar faces, grasping each other by the hand, the heart, 
the brain! A night of cherished memories, when oblivion seeks 
the sunlight of contact to unfold its glittering mantle around the 
circle of the chosen few! One man will not answer to the Roll 
Call. Our esteemed comrade Levi D. Jones is gathered in the 
harvest. His good nature, his welcome presence, his convictions 
for the right, will be for us the best tribute for his eternal wel- 
fare. A New Hampshire man, he had much to encounter to gain 
a livelihood from its sterile soil. 

History may never reveal what this " Mud March " had to 
do with breaking the spinal column of the Rebellion. The now 
silent Generals, Foster and Amory, are not here to relate to us 
how the burning of a little bridge on the upper Trent, and another 
at Onslow Court House, became the entering wedge for the des- 
truction of Southern aspirations. That a brigade of infantry 



398 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

and a squad of cavalry under General Amory performed this 
heroic task, we are here to bear witness. Pollocksville does not 
cover much space in Johnson's Encyclopedia. It locates it in 
Jones County, with a population of 1263. Trenton is put down 
as the capital of Jones County, with a population of 814. While 
this information may be reliable, at this remote period it does 
not occur to us that Trenton boasted of a Capitol, building. It 
may be that in the evacuation the people took it away with them. 
We remember the Post Office, and our distribution of the mail, 
and the saw-mill, whose departing usefulness was cut short by the 
torch of the invader. Pollocksville did not strike the Grand 
Army as being a point of great business expectations The town 
clerk was unfortunately absent, and could not enlighten us as to 
its future prospects. We found a circular in which the writer 
boasted that Pollocksville was an educational centre. The col- 
lege grounds were well set with royal hard pines. Whatever may 
have been the exercises of the day, the classes in Algebra, 
Chemistry and Mental Gunnery had put their heads together in 
rapid retreat. A redeeming feature in this march was the release 
of many of the blacks, who with their kith and kin made a break 
for cover under the wings of the Union Eagle. 

Much has been said and written of the importance of the con- 
traband exit from the South during the conflict. The list shows 
many bright examples who are doing good work today. The 
color line is best defined by those who treat them for a mind. 
The simple color of the skin has naught to do with what's within. 
The impressive point of this description as put out by Stacey's 
postal, had its inception at Young's Cross Roads entitled the 
" Mud March." This is a subject which had a direct application 
to our soles. 

The Government records may not sustain the committee in 
announcing this title, but the Secretary of War would bear us 
out in the assertion, that under adverse circumstances, it is one 
thing to put your foot down and another to take it up from the 
place where you locate it. Another strong point is whether you 
have a foot, or a foot and a half to deal with. This may be like 
unto an example in Euclid, that the broader the sole, the greater 



REMINISCEJS^CES AND INCIDENTS . 399 

the contact. The will power is under complete subjection when 
you plant yourself in a mud hole, your standpoint is obliterated. 
"In place, Rest!" 

A night of discomfort, wherein our upright and downright 
condition, our corporeal declivities were well afloat under the per- 
spiring forces of a North Carolina thunder storm. As we emerged 
from the crisis in the morning, we had the satisfaction of being 
thoroughly enrolled as members of the Cold Water Army. Well, 
we were making history for our country, when in the last agonies 
of the sub-soil explorations. 

MacAdam and his family never got the benefit of a contract 
for laying stone cubes on that eighteen miles of road that landed 
us on the Trent at New Berne, that Saturday evening. In the 
language of Mrs. Bedotte — "we were all poor critters "—seeking 
glorious renown for an undivided Union. The Government has 
not yet awarded the full measure of praise for sacrifices made by 
this adventure into Jones County. 

The death of George Brooks was hastened by this rough 
work, and other good and true men were made sick and lame. 
The records of the war are full of poorly planned movements by 
the Northern Army — ambition to accomplish without power to 
execute, put more men under the turf than were killed in actual 
conflict. Nations may yet learn how to subdue each other by 
arbitration, rather than by force of arms. 

When that day arrives, the voice of nature can sing anthems 
of joy, and standing armies can plant their banners on the thresh- 
old of good fellowship. Then the reapers and the gleaners will 
be ten-fold bending the strong right arms. 

Gardner Gilman, of Company A. 



A tribute to a worthy comrade of the Forty-Fifth, who has 
answered to the last " Roll Call." 

Lieutenant John G. Tilden was a member of Company G 
and served his term as a member of the Forty-Fifth with honor. 

He entered the navy as a boy, becoming an apprentice at 
the Charlestown Navy Yard. Such famous men as Rear-Admiral 



400 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Hichborn, Webb, Hart and Wilson, began their careers in this 
manner. Rear-Admiral Hichborn, who started in this service 
with Lieutenant Tilden, was his cousin, and has attained world- 
wide celebrity as a naval constructor. 

Previous to the Civil War, Mr. Tilden worked among other 
ships, on the Merrmac, the famous iron ship of the South, whose 
contest with the Moiiitor^'xW ever be memorable, also on Farragut's 
flag ship, the Hartford, both of which were under construction 
at the Charlestown Yard. 

When the call came for nine months' men, Mr. Tilden en- 
listed and went to the front with the Forty-Fifth (Cadet) 
Regiment. 

When hostilities ended he returned to Charlestown and was 
appointed a Carpenter in the navy with a warrant rank. 

In the Spanish-American War he served on the Lancaster at 
the naval base at Key West, and also saw service on other 
ships. 

Returning to Charlestown he was promoted to chief Carpen- 
ter, ranking with ensigns, but after them. After retiring from 
the Spanish-American War, Lieutenant Tilden had charge of the 
big scales at the Charlestown Navy Yard, and was noted for his 
kindness and attention to visitors to the Yard, his vast fund of 
information being freely drawn upon for their benefit. 

He reached the age for retirement February 18th, 1902, and 
would have left the active service then, but was continued on 
duty at the local yard as the result of a special request made by 
the commandant of the station and other high ranking officers, a 
most unusual honor. 

While attending to his duties at the Yard in the summer of 
1906, he was prostrated with the heat and taken to the United 
States Naval Hospital at Chelsea, and it was because of this ill- 
ness and at his request, that he was retired. He was a past com- 
mander of Abraham Lincoln Post G.A.R. of Charlestown. A 
hero of two wars, he was also a member of the Loyal Legion of 
the United States, the highest honor which American fighting 
men can attain. He supervised the laying of the keel of the 





*^^^Jf Jfl^ 





Al-BERT D. NASON, CO. C 
NATHAN WARREN, CO. G 



ALBERT W. MANN, 1 862 

21 yean old 

WILLIAM H. BECKET, CO. A 



ItE3IINISCENCES AND INCIDEXTS 401 

Olympia, Dewey's flag ship at Manila. Just as he went on to the 
retired list the ship went into the reserve squadron at Norfolk. 

Robert W. Sforer, of Company G. 



Just before we went into the swamp at Kinston, I was sit- 
ting next to Lieutenant Pond eating persimmons, while he was 
writing in a memorandum book. After we got throligh the 
swamp and before the charge was made on the bridge, I was next 
to him on the front line and at that point we were five and six 
deep. He was always cool and cheerful. One of our men behind 
us, must have been very nervous for he came within an inch of 
shooting him. He was stuug by the powder. As we filed into 
the woods on the right of the road, we passed in front of the fire 
of Belger's Rhode Island Battery. One discharge killed a man 
in Company D, just in front of us, and two in Company K, just 
behind us. As we were going through the swamp I happened to 
get a little ahead of the line and Captain Denny asked me if I 
could see anything of the " rebs " and just then I caught my first 
view of them. Our cook Davenport was ahead of me at that 
time without a gun, and feeling very happy. Elbridge Graves 
was next to me when he received his fatal wound. After we got 
through the swamp and on high ground, we were moved to the 
right. That move saved our regiment from the severe loss which 
came upon the Tenth Connecticut. Our two regiments became 
greatly mixed up. A man of the Tenth Connecticut and myself 
fired at the same time and he was shot through the head. That 
made two men killed next to me. Some of our boys, ivho saw 
the f/ian fall, thought it was myself. 

When we were at Cove Creek before we charged the breast- 
works, at the junction of the road and railroad, a funny incident 
happened. Some one had captured an old man who lived in the 
house over on the left of the railroad. Colonel Codman, with 
revolver in hand, was asking him questions, and particularly 
wanted to know if there was a cannon mounted at the breast- 
works just ahead of us. This was an important thing for Com- 
pany A to know, as we carried the colors that day, and were to 



402 THE FORTY-FIFTH BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

charge up that single-track railroad bed. Just then one of Com- 
pany A's men came along. He had captured a long-handled 
iron spider, which he was very anxious to put to use. Leaning 
over the colonel's shoulder, he said very earnestly, " Say, old 
man, have you any corn meal over at your house ?" He wanted 
to fight on a full stomach. I saw Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody 
under quite a heavy fire, sitting on a stump of a tree, smoking a 
cigar, and as cool as he would be watching the bathers at 
Atlantic City. 

Chaplain Stone was also a cool and brave man. When one 
of our officers was wounded in the shoulder at the battle of 
Whitehall, he went on to the field atid helped him off^ 

Henry S. Bliss, of Company A. 



We were in Camp Amory on the Trent. It was' " Thanks- 
giving Day." At about 11 A. M. the regiment was drawn up in 
form of a hollow square, and a sermon was preached by Chaplain 
A. L. Stone. It was not a sunny day, the barren sands of the 
parade grounds did not add cheer to the occasion, and as Dr. 
Stone in his inimitable manner led our thoughts to the old home- 
stead and vividly pictured in imagination our approach to the 
parental dwelling, the joy of the first glimpse of the dearest spot 
on earth, the walk along the road, the opening of the front gate, 
the walk to the front door, the greetings of father, mother, sister 
and brother, well it was almost too much for us, and we turned 
away towards our barracks with a prospect of salt horse and 
hard tack for our Thanksgiving dinner in a mood which is not 
easy to describe. 

It being a sort of holiday, a happy thought suggested a 
tramp outside the lines and up the Neuse River. Securing a pass 
a little group of some half a dozen armed only with our pass and 
pocket pistol or two, sallied forth into the unknown country. The 
white population in the region traversed had left for parts un- 
known, but the colored people still remained occupying their old 
quarters while " massa's " house was deserted. 

After a tramp of several miles we came upon one of these 




SEKGT. WILLIAM H. WARD, COMPANY K 



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REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 403 

plantations, and made exploration. We talked freely with the 
colored man who seemed to be in charge, told him we were out 
for a walk up the river, and asked if he could get us up a dinner, 
and if so what he had for food. He replied he could cook some 
fish, make a hoecake and furnish a few other viands. We 
asked about the fish, how he cooked them, etc. He replied, 
"They is good fried, but they is 7-ather /ove/ier sttw^d.'" We 
ordered the fish cooked the " lovelier " way, and appointing an 
hour when we would return for dinner, pursued our explorations 
up the river. When we arrived back at the appointed hour he 
was ready and we sat down to our Thanksgiving dinner. 

We had hardly seated ourselves around the table spread with 
all the good things he could provide, when he stepped up to the 
table and said, " Now gentlemen, this is the Lord's Thanksgiving 
Day and some of you must say "Grace," or have it said for 
you." 

One of our party responded and asked him to say grace. 
He folded his hands, turned his face heavenward, and in simple, 
appropriate, eloquent and reverent manner acknowledged the 
Almighty as the Giver of all good things, and gracefully implored 
the divine blessing on both the food and the guests. 

So we had that day both a Thanksgiving Day sermon and a 
Thanksgiving dinner — all quite in contrast with the usual experi- 
ence in camp and field. 



I recall a little incident of Comrade Ames at Gum Swamp. He 
was shot in that fight, the ball entering his cheek and coming 
out through the back of his head. 

He was near me when he fell and I went to his relief, bound 
my handkerchief around the wounded head, called for a stretcher 
and sent him to the rear, never daring to hope that he would 
reach home. 

He was taken to the hospital at New Berne, and after a 
time discharged and sent to his home in Newton. His recovery 
was complete, except that he lost control of the eye above the 
wound. It was said that when he attempted to close the eye it 



404 THE FOltTY-FIFTlI REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

would turn up. His case was 'somewhat similar to one which 
occurred in Vermont many years since. A quarryman had a 
steel drill, two or three feet in length, shot up under his chin, 
and out at the top of his head, and recovered and lived for 
several years. 



The following item was taken from a copy of a newspaper, 
called the JVe7i:> Berne Progress, published before the capture of 
the town by the Federals. 

" Negroes assembling in different parts of the town on the 
Sabbath to preach or hold prayer meetings or for any other pur- 
pose, is in violation of the Acts of the General Assembly and 
ordinances of the town, and injurious to their health, habits and 
morals." 

Sergeant William H. Ward, of Company K. 



Notes from the Diary of Sergeant Charles E. C. Breck 
OF Company B. 

1. A night's frolic in the readville barracks. 

The boys will probably remember the little "circus" held 
in the barracks one night, which started from one of the boys 
wanting a window open, and another wanting it shut, this alter- 
nating open and shut business finally awoke most of the other 
boys, who decided to take a hand in the controversy, by pelting 
the original contestant, with bread, apples, junks of meat, or any- 
thing that came nearest to. hand, which continued until the 
orderly threatened to report to the captain, and then the fun re- 
doubled, one of the sergeants going along in his stocking feet to 
see who the offenders were, was hit on the side of the head with 
a half loaf of bread. This proving too much for his dignity, the 
captain was called in and lamps were lighted, but every private 
was sound asleep. The captain awoke us, however, after some 
trouble and informed us that any man caught throwing anything 
would be punished, and after this little speech he put out the 





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COKP. FKLEMAN H. l.OTHROP, CO, D 
SERGT. CHARLES E. C. BRECK, CO. B 



SERGT. HENRY M. BOND, CO. B 
SERGT. FREDERICK DEXTER, CO. B. 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 405 

lights and returned to his quarters. The door had hardly shut 
on him, when a stone accidentally rolled itself from one end of the 
barracks to the other and one of the lamps concluded to break, 
and a variety of material, in quantity about a peck, was suddenly 
attracted towards the corner occupied by the sergeants. The 
captain was called in, and every man, except one, who was sick, 
was turned out and formed into line and an effort made to find 
out who created the disturbance, but being so suddenly (?) 
awakened out of a sound sleep, no one could tell, or seemed to 
know anything about the trouble anyway. Then we were drilled 
for two hours by moonlight to wake us up. The other companies 
found out what was up and came out to view the parade 

While we were being drilled, the sergeants searched all the 
bunks, but could not find anything, only in one bunk, and the 
occupant would have been put in the guard house, had not the 
other boys all sworn that they knew he had not thrown any- 
thing. When the officers were tired of drilling us, we were 
marched to our barracks, and allowed to resume our sleep which 
had been so rudely disturbed. 



2 ON BOARD THE TRANSPORT MISSISSIPPI IN BOSTON HARBOR, 
NOVEMBER, 1862. 

The surgeon-general and some other doctors came down 
today (November 9) to examine our "pig pen." We don't 
know the result, but hope it will- be something in our favor. 

The officers' horses are most all sick. Major Sturgis' black 
horse is very sick. They took him out of his stall and rubbed 
him and worked over him a long time, but it did no good. 
When the tug boat came alongside they lowered him down on to 
it, and sent him up to Boston. 

As soon as the tug boat started from the ship he got up and 
whinnied, he got better as soon as he was clear of the ship. We 
would do the same. Quartermaster McKim was on board the 
tug boat. The colonel invited him to come on board the steamer, 
but he declined. 

The boys on board the Merrimac did not use him very well 



406 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

when he was there and he would not trust himself aboard our 
ship. It was lucky for him that he did not. The boys on the 
Merrimac pelted him with bread, pieces of salt junk and every- 
thing they could get hold of, one piece of meat striking him in 
the face. I understand that Colonel Codman in his conversa- 
tion with McKim used some very emphatic language, telling him 
he wouldn't put a thousand hogs where he had put his fine men. 
He wanted him to land us on Long Island, or carry us back to 
Boston, until they got ready to start, but he would not. He 
stumped him to come on board, but he didn't dare to leave the 
tugboat. I think our boys would have thrown him overboard if 
he had come and I think he thought so too. 

It has stormed ever since we have been down here, the sea 
has been very rough, and most of the boys have been seasick. 
The colonel paces his stateroom half the time when he is in it. 
When he is on deck he looks as cheerful as he can, but we can 
see he is uneasy and blue. He is afraid we will all be sick and 
die if we stay here much longer. He is doing all he can for us 
but as he is situated-, cannot do much. He can't get ashore any 
more than we can. He ordered Captain Baxter to pull up 
anchor and go to Boston, but it was of no use, the captain could 
not do it without McKim's orders. Our quarters are at the 
bottom of the steamer's hold and are very dark, being lighted by 
only six lanterns for five hundred men. 



3. FORAGING ON THE MARCH. 

On the day after the battle of Kinston, on the march to^ 
Whitehall, our company halted at noon opposite a house, which, 
like many of the Southern houses, stood quite a distance back 
from the road. Visions of side meat, chickens and honey floated 
before our eyes, and a rush was made up the lane. The milk 
pans in the dairy were soon emptied, and the smoke house cleaned 
out, then the chase for chickens^commenced, and, as was usually 
the case, they ran under the house for protection. But our boys 
were soon under there, too, when> lo, the freshly-stirred earth at- 
tracted their attention, and suggested buried treasures. Out 



BEMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 407 

came the tin plates, and soon the earth was removed, and exposed 
kegs, which were soon rolled out, and the heads knocked in, and 
revealed what ? Gold ? Gunpowder ? No — " Apple Jack " and 
" Peach Brandy! " Canteens were filled, and then the empty cans 
were filled and taken down to the company in the road, and other 
canteens were filled. The commotion caused by the sudden ap- 
pearance of these fluids attracted the attention of the field officer, 
who rode rapidly up and a guard was at once put over the now 
almost empty kegs — but Company B did not get left that time. 
The exhilarating effects of that " apple jack " was such that two 
men of the company felt abundantly able to " lick " the entire 
Confederate Army — but, "who stole Barty's canteen" was not 
known for years after. 



4. A KIND-HEARTED AND THOUGHTFUL OFFICER. 

One afternoon Lieutenant Hollis had been drilling us and on 
coming back to quarters he formed us in line and ordered all 
those who used tobacco to step to the front ; only about a half a 
dozen stepped out, the others, fearing some extra duty, or a knap- 
sack drill for chewing tobacco, on "dress parade," or something 
of that sort, were much chagrined when those who had boldly 
stepped forward and had been ordered to the lieutenant's quarters, 
came out, each with a large hand of navy tobacco. He told them 
he knew they were out of tobacco, and out of money, and the 
company fund was where they could not get at it, so he had sent 
home for a box. The number of tobacco users in Company B 
suddenly increased, but the supply was sufficient to go round. 



5. AN INCIDENT OF THE TRENTON MARCH. 

One of the most ludicrous sights I ever saw was when we 
were leaving Trenton, the morning after we entered. That big, 
brawny stonecutter, Johnson of Company B, had looted a medi- 
cal office and found a skeleton. He was marching off, the skele- 
ton hanging over his shoulder, with a bayonet through his mouth 



408 TUE FORTY- FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

and his heels clattering on the ground, while a big leather-bound 
volume, some work on medicine was under Johnson's arm, giving 
the impression that private Johnson was going to set up in 
business when he got back to New Berne, 



6 AT DOVER CROSS ROADS. 

In this fight one of the " Needham Quota " saw something 
moving in the bushes alongside the opening, just in front of us, 
and thinking the " Johnnies " were trying to get around on our 
flank, called the colonel's attention to it and requested permission 
to give it a shot. Permission was readily granted, and taking 
deliberate aim he fired. The shot went close to the mark, for, 
from one of the bushes started a yearling calf, which, thoroughly 
frightened and with tail erect, ran rapidly across the opening and 
between the fire of both sides to the shelter of the woods, his speed 
accelerated by the shouts that went up from the boys in blue. 



It is a fact that in this fight our color bearer, little 
Sergeant Keating was too smart for the color bearer of one of the 
New York Regiments under General Palmer, for the colors of the 
Forty-Fifth were placed first on top of the earthworks, just as 
the New York color bearer was crossing the ditch. The New 
York regiment was a three years' regiment and had never been 
the first to mount their colors in any battle, and to have a nine 
months' militia regiment get ahead of them, was rather cutting. 

After the " Johnnies " retreated we took possession, and 
staid there half an hour, then started back. General Palmer 
came riding up after it was all over and asked Colonel Codman 
what was best to do. The colonel told him he could do as he 
had a mind to, that he had routed the Rebels as he was ordered, 
and was now going back to camp General Palmer was within 
hearing of the fight all the time, but did not come up, so the 
Forty-Fifth got the credit of that job. General Palmer, evidently, 
wanted us to get "licked," then come up and take all the credit, 
but Colonel Codman was too smart for him. 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 409 

7. AN INCIDENT OF GUARD DUTY. 

About twelve o'clock one night in February, two mounted 
men came to the bridge where I was stationed and wanted to 
pass. I would not let them. They said they would not be gone 
over twenty minutes, but I could not see it. Then they offered 
me some whiskey. I told them I did not drink. They said they 
thought every man in the army drank. I said it was bad enough 
for the officers to get drunk, without the privates drinking. 
They wanted to know if my officers drank. I told them some of 
them did. One of them asked if I would take a sergeant's berth 
if I could get it. I said, " No." Then he tried to hire me to let 
him pass. Said he wanted to see his girl, and started up his 
horse. I pricked him with my bayonet and ordered him to halt, 
or I would run him through. Told, him no one could pass me 
except commissioned officers, or those who had passes signed by 
General Foster. He wanted to know how I could tell an officer 
in the dark. Told him I should make him dismount, if he was 
on horseback, as I could not see his shoulder straps unless he 
did so. Then he wanted me to see if he had a right to pass, 
and threw back his military cape, and you bet I was surprised 
when I saw the stars on his shoulder straps. I spotted his horse 
and let them pass. As soon as they were out of sight and hear- 
ing I whistled and called Higgins and Hersey, who were on 
guard near me and told them to look out for the horsemen for 
they were officers, and trying the guards and would soon be 
back. And they did come in half an hour but it was no go. 
When Captain Churchill came off duty the next morning he 
wanted to know who of the company guarded the bridge last 
night. I told him and he said it was lucky I did not let them 
pass, if I had, I would have been in the guard house before morn- 
ing. He said it was Brigadier-General Palmer who was out 
trying the guards and complimented me highly for not letting 
them pass. 



410 THE FORTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Seabrook Island, S. C. or Stone Inlet, July, 1863. 

Acting as Signal-Officer on staffof (late) Brigadier Thomas G Steven- 
son, formerly colonel of the Twenty-Fourth Regiment, Massachu- 
setts Volunteers, through his kindness I was permitted to see what 
happened in the following story: 

He WHS in command of his brigade at that place to lead the land 
attack against Charleston, S. C, and was to co-operate with the Navy 
in their attack by water against Sumter, Moultrie ami many other forts 
in Charleston harbor. 

I will endeavor to name the Ironclads of the Monitor pattern: 
Patapsco, Captain Ammen; Nahant, Captain Downs; Montauk, Captain 
Fairfax; Catskill, Cai^tain Rogers; ire/«rtw/te7i. Captain Beaumont, and 
one or two others. 

I was invited by Captain Rogers to go to Port Koyal. We left 
early in the morning on board the U. S. Despatch Boat Daffodil, 
formerly the Nellie Baker, that used to ply between Boston and 
Nahant. 

When near Port Royal we spoke a tug boat which reported that 
the Navy had captured a Rebel ram, and we hastened to the scene and 
there she was at anchor. 

As the story goes, out came the ram from the shore, with a small 
steamer accompanying the same, loaded with people and a band of 
music playing " Dixie," to see her ram the Navy boats 

The Patapsco, Captain Ammen, and the Nahant, Captain Downs, 
were waiting for her. The ironclads slipped their anchors and opened 
fire on the ram, which paid no attention to their fire. 

After several shots from the two Navy vessels, Captain Ammen of 
the Patapsco (which so far as I can learn had the only rifled cannon in 
the fleet, a six-inch in his turret, got in one shot over her after port hole 
and smashed her through. The ram surrendered, and the little steamer 
with her passengers went back, probably not feeling as ha^jpy as when 
they carae out. 

This ram was a Scotch vessel and was cut down to near the water 
line. On her deck was a turret made of 27-inch thick of live oak and 
two inches of railroad iron rolled about two inches thick from bow to 
stern and two inches up and down, making four inches thick of iron 
She had two port holes on each side and one at tte bow and stern, and 
her port covers were about four inches thick of iron and covered the 
port hole all over. I have never been able to find out the Rebel name 
of this craft, but on her bell was the name of Fingal. 

As Captain Rogers and myself boarded her the officers and men had 
been taken off except the dead, and they were filled with spiinteis from 
the rified ball from the Patajjsco. 

This ram had a bowsprit about twenty feet or more long and on the 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 411 

end was a torpedo or exploder containing a large amount of explosive, 
to be lowered under water and discharged from witliin the turret, the 
sprit to be raised or lowered when wanted. 

The intention of the officers was to steam to Port Royal and not to 
pay any attention to the Navy ironclads and not to fire on them, but to 
proceed to Port Royal and blow up vessels with ordnance supplies, naval 
stores, etc., and do all the damage possible. Then to go to Charleston 
harbor and blow up the blockading squadron and thus command the 
harbor, so as to allow the blockade runners to come and go at their 
will, but they were mistaken in their strength and vanquished. After 
more than forty years I have been asked to write something for our 
book and I am able to recall this particular scene and day. Perhaps 
some Naval officer will be able to tell more about the occasion that I refer 
to, and I hope I have written nothing but what is as I saw it, except my 
Navy language, for this is written by a landsman, remember. 

How well I remember Ammen, Fairfax, Beaumont, Downs, Rogers, 
Upshur and others; probably not one of these brave officers is living to- 
day, but living or dead, my kindest feelings go out tv) these brave men. 

For what they were. 

And what they dared to be, 

Let them be remembered. 

Edwakd B. Richardson, 
Late Lieutenant, Company A, Forty- Fifth Regiment, M. V. M., 

Acting Signal-Officer, Departments Eighteenth and Tenth 

Army Corps, North and South Carolina, U. S A. 



ON THE SKIRMISH LINE AT DOVER CROSS ROADS. 

April 27th, 1863 — Upon our arrival at Batchelder's Creek, 
our outer picket station, we found on the railroad track a moni- 
tor car, plated with iron, carrying two howitzers. It was manned 
by an officer and detail from our regiment, and placed in front of 
the engine. 

It will be remembered that Company B, Captain Churchill 
and Company F., Captain Daland, were on the skirmish line that 
day, marching ten to twenty rods in advance of the column. 
These two companies took turns in leading, the company whose 
turn it was to lead, sending out eight or ten men, deployed 
on either side of the road to guard against surprise. I very dis- 
tinctly remember marching ahead of the savage looking monitor 



412 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V- M. 

car. We marched in the advance several miles that day, when 
the regiment halted and went into bivouac for the night. The 
two companies were ordered ahead as advanced picket guard, 
marching about two miles when we came to a camp, built of rails 
and covered with pine boughs, which the rebels had just left. 
This we made our headquarters and pickets were sent out from 
there. I remember being posted about twenty rods from this 
camp, with my brother, H. S. Johnson. When it came his turn 
to lie down and take a nap, there came one of those southern 
showers. The rain worked under his rubber blanket and he 
soon lay in a puddle of water. 

While standing guard, I heard the limbs and dry boughs 
crack and break in the darkness, but couldn't tell whether the 
noise was made by men, pigs, or possum, but it was surely caused 
by something. At noon next day, the Forty-Fifth was reinforced 
by the Forty-Third Massachusetts and General Palmer had ar- 
rived with his command. 

The column having come up, our two companies were again 
sent in the advance about fifteen to twenty rods, to guard against 
sudden attack, and soon came to a place where the rails had 
been entirely removed. 

We passed several rebel picket posts, the enemy were grad- 
ually falling back— Company B, having led the advance for some 
time was fatigued and was relieved by Company F. We passed 
another picket post and came to a plantation of about forty 
acres, where was a house, corn-cribs and a shed. 

Rebel cavalry had been seen crossing the railroad track and 
going into the woods on our left. The column came to a halt, 
Colonel Codman acting as Brigadier-General, and Major Sturgis, 
with field glasses came to the front to view the situation. Five 
men were seen to leave the house and walk obliquely towards the 
woods, on the left of the railroad. Captain Daland was ordered 
to send two files of men in pursuit, and detailed my brother H. 
S. Johnson, Frank Howe, James Chick and myself. We were in 
the extreme advance. 

We had a long hard run after those men, part of it over 
ploughed ground, but gained on the rebels for such they proved 



BEMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 413 

to be. My brother ordered them to halt, which they refused to 
do. He then brought his gun to his shoulder, with " Halt, or I 
fire." This brought them to a stand. The writer being quick 
on his feet, ran on ahead about eight or ten rods, and captured 
the men. They said "we haven't done anything," I replied " If 
you haven't we won't harm you, but we want you to come with 
us." This ended the conversation. 

As we passed the house refered to, my brother and I stopped 
to glance within. As we opened the door of an outside building 
we spied on a shelf near the door, "a stew and Indian dump- 
lings." My brother had just grabbed a dumpling, when we heard 
firing from the rebel earthworks across the track. We waited 
for no more " dumplings," but hurried our prisoners to Colonel 
Codman, and then rejoined the " skirmish line." 

Reinforced by Company E, on our left, we charged over 
nearly the same route where we had taken our prisoners, in- 
to a concealed earthwork, which was walled up as evenly as a 
cellar wall Inside at the left corner stood a wounded rebel, he 
couldn't step. Our colors were honored by many cheers, which 
were replied to by the rebel yell in the woods not far away! The 
roll was called inside the work, and then we started out to find 
the missing ones. One man, H. M. Putney of Company F, was 
found dead near the rail fence Corporal Richards of E, was 
wounded. The rebels could easily have killed, or made prisoners 
of our entire little squad, for when we were 'pursuing the two 
men, we passed directly under the guns of the garrisoned earth- 
work. Comrade L. P. Whitney of our company said he counted 
twelve rebel pickets run up the track, after we had passed the 
corn cribs, and thought it was all up for us. After awhile the house 
was examined and a placeinthe wall wasfound that could be taken 
down, in which was a record, showing that these men had been paid 
half a dozen times for shooting our pickets, receiving five or six 
dollars for each man killed. There is no doubt but that one of 
these men was a most desperate character. It was said that 
these men were afterwards taken into the woods, tried and shot. 
I hope it was not so. The earthwork having been taken and the 
enemy dispersed, we started back over the same route over which 



414 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

we had advanced, arriving at our old camp, after a long march, 
very much fatigued. None who participated in that march will 
ever forget it. 

On April 30th, while in this camp we received a large kettle 
of baked beans, sent up by the Invalid Squad, left at Camp Mass- 
achusetts — and just at that time those beans were thoroughly ap- 
preciated. On our return to Camp Massachusetts the thought 
came to us, it mattered not how humble our position, we were in 
the service of our country, engaged in the greatest conflict be- 
tween right and wrong the Western Hemisphere had ever experi- 
enced. I call to mind that when we fell into line the morning of 
xApril 27th, to go on that expedition, my friend Putney, who was 
killed, had a premonition of disaster to himself and dreaded to 
go on that march. He had always been ready for anything that 
might come up. He did not sham sickness, but was sad, feeling 
that he would never come back. 

Welcome J. Johnson, of Company F. 



I was in business in Nashua, N. H., and quite late one Sat- 
urday night I received a letter from a friend in Newton, telling 
me that he was going to enlist in a company which was being 
raised to complete the quota, and wanted me to come on and go 
with him I took an early train Sunday morning for Boston, and 
went out to Newton, found my friend and together we went to 
the recruiting office and enrolled ourselves for three years or the 
war. I found we numbered about eighty men, and there was to 
be a meeting in a public hall the next evening to complete the 
organization. I went back to Nashua Monday morning, settled 
my business, said goodbye to my friends and returned to Newton 
in time for the meeting. 

When I reached the hall, I was surprised to find there was 
no meeting being held. I could not understand it, so hunted up 
one of the members of the company and asked him what it meant. 
He told me that Newton had purchased one hundred men from 
the town of Haverhill, and that we were not needed, as Newton's 
quota was now complete. I was thoroughly disappointed, and 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 415 

annoyed, and I told my companion that I should go to Boston 
early in the morning and enlist in the first Recruiting Ofifice I 
could find. He said he would go with me. We together went 
to Boston and finding a Recruiting Office on School Street 
went in and put our names on the roll, not knowing in what regi- 
ment, nor for how long a term. 

We soon found that we belonged to Company K, Forty-Fifth 
Massachusetts, and that we were in for nine months. ' Captain 
Romans was present at the time and I asked him if he needed 
more men, and he said he needed about thirty. I told him I 
thought we could get them, and he gave us authority to enlist 
them. We went directly back to Newton, hired a horse and 
buggy and went amongst the boys and soon had twenty-five, and 
took them into camp. My friend, John H. Robinson, was elected 
Second Lieutenant, I was appointed Third Sergeant, and two 
were appointed •C:orporals. You can see that I feel I am entitled 
to some credit. It may interest you to know that two of these 
men were killed and two severely wounded at the Battle of Kins- 
ton. I was wounded in the shoulder and have carried a bullet 
in my body ever since. 

The Surgeon in the Hospital near the battlefield probed for 
the bullet, but could not find it, and said I must have been hit 
with a fragment of a shell, which struck me and glanced off. 

I was in this Hospital from the day of the battle, (Sunday) 
until the morning of the next Friday, when all the wounded were 
loaded into army wagons and carried to the river, where we were 
to take a boat for New Berne. The officer in charge of the boat 
told me that the boat was going to be overloaded, and that if I 
would go to New Berne in one of the army wagons it would be an 
accommodation to him. 

I found another member of the Regiment who was shot 
through his arm and who was able to walk, and we started off 
together, thinking we could soon overtake our Regiment. We 
marched all that day, and at night came across the Fifth Massa- 
chusetts, and as I was acquainted with one of the lieutenants, I 
found him and shared his supper and shelter for the night. 

The next morning, Saturday, I started early determined to 



416 THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

overtake the Forty-Fifth, and at about nine o'clock came into 
their camp just as they were about starting off. I found our 
Quartermaster, Mr. Dewson and asked him if he would take my 
gun and equipments in one of his wagons. I had brought them 
all the way from the Hospital. 

He said he would not only take them but would take me as 
well. So I rode all that day, getting out occasionally to rest and 
stretch my legs. There were quite a number of us in the wagons 
and we reached the barns at nine o'clock at night. We tried to 
get into a hotel for the night, but not having shoulder straps, we 
were not accommodated. We hunted about and found a negro 
cabin where we were taken in and given a bed on the floor, where 
we slept soundly all night, and in the morning were given a break- 
fast, after which we went to our barracks at Camp Amory on the 
Trent, where we found the regiment just coming in. My wound 
had not been dressed since Friday morning and was troubling 
me somewhat. 

I went into our Regimental Hospital, and Surgeon Knee- 
land dressed it for me. I told him I thought the bullet was in 
me and he probed for it, but could not find it, and he agreed with 
the other Surgeon that there was nothing in me. I remained in 
the hospital about a month, and then reported to my company 
for duty. 

From that time on I felt that both surgeons were wrong, and 
about two years ago it was proved that I was right. I was with 
some friends who were experimenting with the X-Ray apparatus 
and I asked them to take a look through my shoulder, and they 
saw the bullet plainly. 

Since then I have had an X-Ray picture taken of it, and it 
shows up plainly. I have carried it for nearly forty-five years, 
and for over forty years, certain that it was there. I have carried 
it so long now that I feel very much attached to it, and as it 
has not caused me much trouble, I shall never disturb it. 

Sergeant William M. Goodridge, of Company K. 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 417 

Extracts from an address delivered by Corporal Augustus S. 
Lovett of Company A, at the dedication of " Camp Meigs Mem- 
orial Park," July 4th, 1903— 

On the evening of September 15th, 1862, as I rushed for a 
bunk in the new barracks located on this spot, a minor, not of 
age, if anybody had whispered in my ear, " young man, four 
decades from now you will be standing here and addressing an 
audience on the occasion of the dedication of this camp ground 
as a public park," I should have imagined the speaker beside 
himself and a lit subject for restraint. 

When you remember the eminent men, from the Lieutenant- 
General of the United States down to the other illustrious minor 
officers who served in the civil war, who recently assembled 
to celebrate the " dedication of the Hooker statue," it seems 
quite a come down to gather to listen to a corporal — the lowest 
of non-commissioned officers in the ranks. And yet each com. 
mon soldier counted as one, only one, but yet one in the vast 
array that marched in the ranks and without whose sturdy 
efforts all the brilliant talents of regular and volunteer officers 
would have been of little avail. 

But oh those times ! how the memory of them comes troop- 
ing back at a time like this. Young men drilling alongside of 
middle aged, and even elderly men. Captain R. B. Forbes with 
his "coast guard " and Captain Edward Wyman with his "home 
guard." Washington in danger and General Butler off with his 
hastily recruited men, following hard after the "old Sixth," 
through Baltimore to the capital. Fletcher Webster, standing on 
the steps of the Merchants Exchange on State Street, one dis- 
mal gray Sunday, and recruiting the famous Twelfth (Webster) 
Regiment. Flags and bunting almost concealed Washington 
Street. " Now Crush Rebellion " said an immense flag on the 
Washington building, head of Franklin Street. All the while re- 
cruiting went vigorously on, and when the capital was deemed 
secure, people breathed easier and volunteers for the war of three 
years pressed forward for enrollment. How dark after the defeat 
at Bull Run ! How very dark with the ending of the Peninsula 



418 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Campaign ! Then at the very darkest hour came the first cheer- 
ing news as the wire flashed the news of Grant's victory at Forts 
Henry and Donelson. The country seemed to take new life and 
heart as that incomparable soldier pushed his way to the crown- 
ing event up to that time, the capture of Vicksburg. 

In the fall of 1862 ten new barracks, each arranged for 
one hundred men, occupied this immediate neighborhood. They 
stood on a line facing the sunrise. The entrance to the camp 
was between two sturdy trees and near their entrance was the 
guard tent. The sutler had his store in another corner but his 
" eagle eye " had not then fully opened as it did later, when on 
pay days he sat next to the paymaster and produced his little 
" G" checks, which were scrupulously deducted from the amount 
due the hard-pressed, common soldier. Friends supplied so 
generously the wants at Readville that his wares were at a discount 
there. 

In front of these barracks was the parade and drill ground, 
covering the spot we occupy today. 

It was a comical sight as a regiment landed there. The 
building of each company being designated, a rush was made to 
secure lodgings, each man, as he arrived at the building grabbing 
a huge bundle of straw, which lay adjacent, to serve as his bed. 
Comrades who had known each other previous to the time, bunked 
together as far as possible, by prior agreement, but some curi- 
ous alliances were made by many the first night in camp who were 
comparative strangers before. The first night "was terrible" 
and the bedlam that ensued after the lights were out is simply 
indescribable. Imagine one hundred men, mostly unknown to 
each other, with no officer present, utterly ignorant of orders or 
knowledge of discipline, shut up by themselves in the dark in this 
novel situation. It commenced immediately the lights went 

out. 

A mild crow, in imitation of a rooster, was followed by 
scores of louder crows, and it seemed as if the whole brood of 
Plymouth rocks and bantams were in possession. Every con- 
ceivable noise came to the front. Dogs barked and " ki'id," 
Cats wailed and monkeys chattered. Then somebody threw an 



BEMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 419 

old boot, and this was the signal for an indiscriminate fusilade of 
missiles of every name and nature. Marvellous that nobody was 
hurt, for the bang of some heavy substance alighting near your 
head warned the more timid ones to crouch low. 

While this scene was at its height the door opened and a 
commissioned officer appeared with a lantern — the officer of the 
day, as we afterwards learned. " Silence !" he cried, " silence, I 
say." A very brief lull, occasioned by the interruption, and then 
bedlam broke loose again. " Who are you ?" " Get out of here." 
"Quick, get out, do you hear ?" while many other pointed remarks 
followed. Then came a shower of missiles from the floor and 
from the bunks at the devoted form. As these came from all 
quarters and the darkness and size of the building prevented him 
from discovering the offenders he was compelled to retire to save 
his head, vowing vengeance if only he could detect the assailants. 
Emboldened by this victory pandemonium broke loose again, and 
the small hours were reached before complete exhaustion brought 
quiet. We trembled in after days as we came to know the powers 
of the officer of the day, and were grateful to know that under 
cover of ignorance we escaped severe discipline. 

In a few days the non-commissioned officers were appointed 
and grievous were the disappointments of some who failed to 
attain what they desired and hoped for. 

I well remember the diffidence with which I gave my first 
command. The order to me was, " Corporal Lovett you will 
detail two men to sweep out the barracks." 

I was appalled. They were my friends and chums. I had 
rather at that moment have taken the broom myself and done 
the work. But no ; it had to be done. Glancing around to see 
whom I should select, I observed a good-hearted, cheerful, open- 
faced comrade whose name even I had not learned, and this was 
my order, " Would you mind being so kind as to take one of the 
brooms and help make the barracks cleaner by assisting in sweep- 
ing them ?" The face became a broad grin at once, and he said, 
" Well, seeing its you, sonny, I'll do it this once." But we soon 
got over such extremely soft speeches and orders were quickly 
obeyed. 



420 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

The dress parades were a great feature of camp life. The 
first ones, though, were a sight not easily forgotten. Men went 
into camp generally ununiformed, except the favored few whose 
circumstances enabled them to employ their own tailors. These 
favored ones were models for admiration and envy. Of the 
balance some had blue overcoats and others had citizens dress. 
Some had military caps as the only sign of a soldier. 

The clothing for service had not then been distributed, and 
some idea can be formed of the appearance made by some nine 
hundred men in line clad in these various garments. A butcher 
with his white robe surmounted by a plug hat is an incongruous 
sight, but a soldier in a blue overcoat with a black stovepipe hat 
is anything but military in appearance, but such we had in those 
first parades. 

Before the guns were distributed, after the line was formed 
at the command "parade rest," the motley crowd stood in their 
unique regalia, and the command "beat off " was given. Then 
the band marched down the line at common time and turning 
came back at a quick step. The band were line fellows, enlisted 
men from the various companies — selected, no doubt, for their 
musical talents — but they had to get together like everybody 
else. During the days while they were " getting together " the 
most discordant and doleful sounds emanated from the quarter 
assigned to them for practice. So that at their first appearance 
in dress parade before the " Falstaffs' recruits " was a very good 
representation of Hogarth's " March to Finchley." The old 
" cut-cut-cadabut " tune, never heard before and never since, ex- 
cept at later reunions, will linger in the memory of those who 
heard it as long as they live. Where they got that tune nobody 
knows, or, if they do, nobody will tell. But the band made great 
headway and acquired proficiency before many days. After the 
uniforms were distributed and the guns came, dress parade was 
the great event of the day. 

This was the favored time when fathers, mothers, sisters, 
brothers, uncles, aunts, grandfathers, grandmothers, cousins, 
and sweethearts, massed behind the colonel, looked on with 
admiring gaze, filled with pride as they beheld the manly- 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 421 

array of young soldiers perfecting themselves for the serious work 
soon to come to their lot. These good people came not empty 
handed either. Many and many were the hampers and packages 
of good things they brought with them which helped amazingly 
to vary the regular bill of fare of "hash, beans and hard-tack." 

Then the social sings in the evening were a pleasant feature 
and as the many good voices among the men were aided by the 
guests, the grounds in front of the barracks would ring with 
melody which would be prolonged often to a late hour. 

The milkman did a thriving business in the camp, and the 
name of "Tucker" lingers in the memory of many a soldier of 
those days. Furloughs of a day at a time were granted and the 
passes were given great scrutiny by the provost guards of Briga- 
dier-General R. A. Peirce, whose headquarters were in a small 
building near the railroad station. A sentinel was also posted 
at the Hyde Park depot, who looked after any strays in uniform 
in that vicinity. 

Guard mounting each morning was a feature of camp life. 
Some three or four men from each of the ten companies would 
be detailed for the guard and accompanied by a sergeant or two 
and several corporals would march to the appointed place. 
These served for twenty-four hours or three reliefs of four hours 
each. The relief that went on at 1 o'clock in the morning to five 
was considered the least desirable, as to be awakened from a 
sound sleep at that untimely hour was anything but pleasant to 
look forward to, and many were the devices made to avoid get- 
ting on the dreaded "second relief." And yet those hours had 
their compensations. The perfect quiet of the sleeping camp, 
broken only by the hum of the insect world, those " voices of 
the night" which never ceased, the regular pace of the sentinel 
drawing near and again fading away as he turned in his beaten 
path, these lent a novelty and charm to those of a meditative 
turn of mind and helped to wing the otherwise tedious hours. 

Somewhere in the small hours there appeared, to our intense 
disgust, what were termed " grand rounds." This was composed 
of the officer of the day and a few attendants. On being halted 
by the sentry nearest to the guard tent with the well-known "Who 
goes there.''" came the reply " grand rounds." 



422 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Immediately the guard tent became alive and the command 
" turn out the guard, grand rounds," was shouted out and the 
sergeant and corporal on duty would dart into every nook and 
corner and pull and tug at every sleepy body until the wretched 
squad — muttering maledictions on their tormentors, and grand 
rounds in particular — were hustled into some kind of a line and 
with the lieutenant of the guard at the head were inspected by 
the visitors. 

Often the officer of the day, after the command "Turn out 
the guard " had been sounded, would considerately say, " Never 
mind the guard," and he who executed such mercy to the sleepy 
fellows always had a warm spot in their hearts. Company and 
battalion drill were kept up morning and afternoon and some of 
the most welcome words we heard were those at the close of these 
fatiguing exercises, when the colonel or captain, as the case might 
be, would sheath his sword and say " March off your companies." 

Did time allow, many, very many incidents of camp life 
might be cited. The long nights of "guard duty;" the sorrows 
of the corporals, at everybody's beck and call ; the unwelcome 
sound, " Corporal of the Guard Post 21," which meant a run at 
double-quick to that distant station to listen to some trifling 
question. The unheard of command by a lieutenant of the guard 
in the first days, the men being at " present arms " he is re- 
ported to have given the command "Stack arms," a thing the 
guard had some difficulty in obeying. 

Comrades who camped here from 1861 to 1865, as the mem- 
ory of those days pass before you at this hour it seems as if the 
voice of the Lord bade us remove the shoes from our feet, as the 
ground whereon we stand is holy ground. Old Blue Hill, looking 
down on this scene as it did forty years ago, seems to say: "You 
are right in setting aside the hallowed spot and paying tribute to 
the noble men who passed from this " school of the soldier " here 
to the shock of battle. 

Here were encamped the Eighteenth Regiment of Infantry, 
who suffered so severely at Fredericksburg ; the Twentieth Regi- 
ment, whose heroic deeds are marked in the "lion " in the public 
library, went from this spot ; the Twenty-Fourth Regiment, whose 



REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS 423 

Colonel Stevenson was killed at Spottsylvania, bade their kindred 
good-bye on the soil of Camp Meigs. 

Six or more of the regiments enlisted for a shorter term in 
1862 found shelter here. Later on, the two colored regiments, 
the Fifty-Fourth and Fifty-Fifth, received their iirst lessons in 
military drill on the commodious parade ground, and here we may 
be sure were instilled in their hearts and lives the patriotism that 
led them fearlessly to follow their beloved Colonel Shaw at the 
awful slaughter of Fort Wagner. 

I have named but a few of the organizations which, after 
camp life here, went forth with beating drums, flying colors and 
martial step to go they knew not where. 

"They heard a voice we cannot hear that said 
We must not stay ; 
They saw a hand we cannot see 
That beckoned them away." 

Up Mary's heights at Fredericksburg that fatal day we see 
them dashing up to the stonewall and to the sunken road which 
none ever reached. Among the waving corn on the field of 
Antietam we find them and hear them shout the victory. At 
Gettysburg they shuddered as the gallant Reynolds dropped, and 
sprinted with Howard and Barlow through the town on that first 
day. 

We find them in the wheat field, at the peach orchard, on 
Culp's Hill and Little Round Top on the second day. And on 
the third day at Gettysburg, when Lohgstreet turned away his 
head as he ordered Pickett to advance, we may be sure they were 
in the lines of battle on Cemetery Ridge and did their share in 
making the "high-water mark of the rebellion." 

In the closing battles of the war, from the Wilderness to 
Appomattox, we follow them in their daily weary marches and 
never ending encounters. We can imagine their joy at the final 
consummation and we rejoice and cheer with them as they burnish 
their rifles for the great review at Washington. 

So we hail the " returning brave." 

But what to those who with lively step and in the bloom of 



424 THE FOIiTY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

youth went forth from this spot and failed to return. On battle- 
field and in hospital, shut up in Libby Prison or within the dead 
line at Andersonville, wasting with disease and dying of wounds, 
for whom the loved ones at home look in vain. 

To all these twenty-live thousand or more martial spirits we 
dedicate this scene of their first soldier days. Long may the 
cannon preserve their present peaceful positions. Never may the 
time come when the Star Spangled Banner shall cease to float 
over this consecrated ground, and may children's children to the 
latest generation swell the chorus of the Union saved, now and 
forever, one and inseparable. 




Cl^c arribal l^ome aiiD ISeception of tl^e 

FROM THE BOSTON JOURNAL, JUNE 30, 1863. 

HK return of the Forty-Fifth Regiment of Massachu- 
setts Volunteers was made the occasion of a reception 
this morning, which, while it justly interprets the es- 
teem in which the Cadet Regiment is held by the 
citizens of Boston and vicinity, must have also been extremely 
flattering to the officers and soldiers themselves. The morning 
was delightful, and the arrangements pertaining to the reception 
were admirably planned, and were executed so far as they were 
within the jurisdiction of the city authorities, by a large force of 
police under the supervision of Colonel John Kurtz, Chief of 
Police. 

The regiment landed at Battery Wharf, at an early hour 
(about 6 o'clock) and such of the men as chose to breakfast 
did so ; although a large majority of them preferred to wait until 
they should be escorted to the Common, in order that they might 
enjoy the hospitality of their comrades, the Independent Corps 
of Cadets, with unabated relish and satisfaction. This course, 
however, proved to be " more nice than wise " for the escort did 
not reach Commercial Street until about nine o'clock, by which 
time the regiment was in a very hungry condition. Almost im- 
mediately after the arrival of the escort, the column formed and 
took up its line of march for the Common, in the following 
order. 

Squad of police, under Sergeant Dunn. 



Independent Corps of Cadets, sixty-five guns, under com- 
mand of Major John Jeffries, Jr., accompanied by the Brigade 
Band, twenty-five instruments. 

James Bell, Drum Major. 

425 



426 THE FOBTT-FIFTR REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

The past members of the Cadets, numbering about fifty men, 
wearing badges with the motto, Monstrat Viam, commanded by 
Colonel John M. Fessenden of West Roxbury, 

Friends of the Forty-Fifth to the number of about seventy- 
five, W. A. Wellman, Esq., Chief Marshal. 

Massachusetts Rifle Club, ninety guns. Colonel Hobart 
Moore, commanding, and Gilmore's Band, twenty-eight instru- 
ments, with Quimby's Drum Corps. 

Roxbury Reserve Guard, sixty guns, under command of 
Captain Edward Wyman. 

The Forty-Fifth Regiment, M. V. M., Colonel Charles R. 
Codman, preceded by the Corps of Pioneers, and the Regimental 
Band, under Bandmaster John O. Spofford. 

Contrabands. 

Police. 

We observed in the ranks of the past Cadets, and in the 
various portions of the escort, some of our most " solid men," of 
whom we may cite as examples. Colonel Thomas Aspinwall, Hon. 
John C. Park, Hon. James W. Sever, Hon. George P. Sanger, 
Peter C. Brooks, Esq., Hon. Thomas P. Rich, and many others 
of equal standing. The escort was under the command of 
Lieutenant-Colonel C. C. Holmes of the Independent Corps of 
Cadets. 

The regiment looked very well, the officers and men appear- 
ing brown and hearty, and seeming in many instances, to enjoy 
better health and bodily vigor than at their departure. 

The line of the procession was handsomely decorated with 
a profuse display of bunting, flags and streamers literally filling 
the air. On passing up State Street, there was a solid mass of 
spectators to greet the returning soldiers, apparently extending 
from the junction of India and State Streets at the Custom 
House to Court Square, and unquestionably numbering, at least, 
twelve thousand persons. The regiment was loudly and repeatedly 



THE ARRIVAL HOME 427 

cheered, on its passage through the crowd, and on the arrival of 
the color guard opposite the entrance to the Merchants' Exchange, 
" three rousersfor the old flag " were lustily given from thousands 
of throats under the enthusiastic lead of Hon. George B. Upton. 

At various other points on the march the column was re- 
ceived with much warmth and feeling, while decorations of 
various kinds were exhibited, and floral tributes were showered 
upon the heads of the gallant Forty-Fifth. 

As the procession passed the State House, a halt was ordered 
and the line formed. Governor Andrew, accompanied by his 
staff, in full uniform, came upon the steps, and after a military 
salute, the bands playing " Hail to the Chief," addressed the 
regiment, as follows : 

Colonel Codman and Fellow Soldiers of the Forty-Fifth 
Massachusetts Volunteers: 

It is with the most unalloyed and unmingled gratification and pride 
that I have the honor to welcome yourself personally, and the officers 
and men of your heroic command, to the soil of Jthe venerable Common- 
wealth, which we in common own as our State and our mother. The 
voice of the Commonwealth which I feebly attempt to echo, bids you 
welcome — the heart of your countrymen, if it had voice, would speak 
in one word its emotion of gratitude. You have come, fellow soldiers, 
from the fields of Whitehall and Kinston and Goldsboro, the blood of 
seventy-six of your companions poured out upon the soil of rebeldom in 
behalf of the rights of us all and the honor of your blazing flag. 

Welcome, then, Mr Commander, thrice welcome soldiers of Massa- 
chusetts, soldiers of the Union to all the honor and gratitude, which 
rightfully belong to the citizen, who in peace or war, does his duty for 
his country ! 

I have the honor to thank you, sir, and the brave men whom you 
command for the nine months of vigilant and heroic service which you 
have rendered to your country and her cause; and I doubt not that if 
the exigencies of the service shall call upon your regiment, or any of its 
officers, or men to resort to any field of arms, that they will march with 
the same alacrity which distinguished their conduct in 1862. 

Thus much may be said for the record of the Forty-Fifth, its term 
of honorable nine months' service has closed. It began with promise, 
it was pursued with hope, it has ended with honor. And thanks, Mr. 
Commander, to yourself and your men, and may the blessing of God 
descend upon you and yours forevermore!" 



428 THE FOHTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Response of Colonel Codman. 

Your Excellency: 

"The heaity welcome which you have extended to the Forty-Fifth 
Reoinieiit will amply repay the service it has performed, I am glad, that 
knowing this to be a regiment raised from all Massachusetts, and there- 
fore in some sense, a representative regiment of the State, it has done no 
discredit to it in the actions and services in which it has been engaged. 
I can only thank you in behalf of the officers and men of the regiment for 
the cordial greeting and welcome which you have extended to it." 

The Common was reached at a quarter past ten o'clock, and 
the procession entered at the corner of Charles and Beacon 
Streets As the various bodies filed through the gates, a Federal 
Salute of thirteen guns was fired by a detachment of the Eighth 
Battery Association, under the direction of Lieutenant L. L. 
Fuller of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. Upon 
the Charles Street Mall, ten tables had been spread with a 
bountiful collation— a table for each company of the regiment. 
Immediately in front were two reception tents for each company, 
and at the left, one -for the officers. The regiment marched 
around the parade ground, displaying admirable discipline in 
every movement, and formed the line in excellent style along the 
Charles Street Mall. 

The police arrangements were excellent. No one was ad- 
mitted within the lines, except those officially connected with the 
exercises until the formalities of the reception were over. The 
line being formed, His Honor, Mayor Lincoln, accompanied by 
Aldermen Tyler, Norcross and Amory and Councilman Davis, 
advanced to the front, and welcomed the regiment in the following 
■speech : 

Colonel Codman, Officers anp Soldiers of the Forty-Fifth 

Regiment: 

" As the official representative of the City of Boston, it is my pleas- 
ant duty to extend to you a cordial greeting on your safe retnrn from the 
seat of war. The loyal city of Boston, while sharing the honor which 
has attended the marked achievements of every regiment which has 
gone forth from our old Commonwealth, yet derives a peculiar satis- 
faction in acknowledging the gallant deeds of those which are composed 
in part, or principally of its own citizens. 



THE ARRIVAL HOME 429 

That local pride which is founded upon merit and the performance 
of duties which have been honorably discharged, is certainly justifiable, 
and therefore it is with unfeigned satisfaction we hail your return, having 
in your short campaign distinguished yourselves in the cause in which 
you have been engaged, and thereby conferred honor upon the city which 
claims you as part of its own contribution for the safety of the Republic. 

Identified as you are by name, and the previous military career of 
many of your officers, with a corps which has always enjoyed an enviable 
position in the front ranks of the citizen soldiery of Massachusetts, 
you have brought no dishonor on its fair fame, but have proved your- 
selves worthy of those who adopted you as their representatives and who 
have taken such a deep interest in your welfare. The peculiarity of a 
republican form of government is, that it relies for support entirely 
upon the people, it is for the people that it exists, and it looks to the 
people to protect and maintain it. 

Hence our fathers ignored the idea of a large standing army, which 
was considered a necessary appendage to every monarchical government 
under the old system; and the tiial which we are now going througli 
will solve the problem whether a nation can be true in the days of ad- 
versity to its own ideas, and be loyal to a Constitution that was framed 
by themselves, in the same degree and manner as older nations are loyal 
to their reigning sovereigns and governing classes. Providence, by the 
logic of events in the magnitude of this rebellion, isgoingtoput us fully 
to the test on this question. It was not decreed that a small number of 
troops, or two or three brilliant engagements should decide this matter, 
but the whole people, the great mass must be aroused, and it must be 
so prolonged in time that there should be worked out in the nation, the 
virtues of patience and perseverance. 

The great body of our citizens must "endure hardness like a good 
soldier," to prove their manhood before they can be crowned with final 
success, and sit quietly down under the blessings of peace. For the 
part which you have taken in this contest we owe you thanks. The 
orders from the President of the United States, calling for the service 
of the freemen of the North, required a draft, but you, 'like all the 
soldiers fiom Massachusetts, so far in the progress of the war, volun- 
teered, and the glory which awaits those who cheerfully do a patriot's 
duty is yours, and will redound to your own credit and to your children. 

A few of your comrades have not returned with you, but have fallen 
in battle, or been stricken down by disease, and here and there is one, 
absent at the "roll call," but the gallant dead have proved the sincerity 
of their devotion to the country's cause, by the sacrifice of their lives. 
Their memory we will cherish with honor, and posterity will hold their 
names in grateful remembrance. The sacred flag of the Fathers under 
which you have fought has received new honors at your hands, and it 



430 THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

comes back unstained, except by marks of honorable combat. Again in 
the presence and in behalf of your friends and this vast assembly I bid 
you a hearty welcome. I congratulate you upon your safe return to the 
homes and the social endearments of those you love best upon earth." 

Colonel Codman replied briefly, returning his thanks for 
the generous welcome, and in alluding to the fact that many of 
his oflficers were from the city of Boston and that they had never 
forgotten the great interest and co-operation of the City Govern- 
ment in its formation. In its term of service, the Forty-Fifth 
had done all that was required of it, and they were glad to receive 
so flattering a testimonial from their friends. The regiment had 
suffered more severely than any of the other North Carolina nine 
months' regiments, and he was happy to say that in every action 
in which they had been engaged the men had all done their 
duty. 

THE COLLATION. 

The men then broke ranks and made a vigorous attack upon 
their rations. The ropes were dropped and thousands of ladies 
and gentlemen, who had been impatient spectators of the formali- 
ties, outside the lines, rushed forward to bestow an individual 
welcome and greeting. Bouquets were showered upon the men by 
their fair friends, and nearly everyone was rejoiced with a floral 
offering. 

At one o'clock the men took the cars for Readville where 
they will remain in camp until mustered out of the service. 
Their term of service expires July 7th ; but as nothing is to be 
gained by longer restraint, and the men are naturally impatient 
to return to their homes, Colonel Codman will endeavor to have 
all the accounts rendered to the proper United States officers, 
that the men may be mustered out next Friday, and be at liberty 
to celebrate the Fourth in the midst of family and friends. 



Arriving at Camp Meigs, Readville, the regiment formed in 
"hollow square," and were addressed by Colonel Codman, who 
expressed his satisfaction with the officers and men of the regi- 
ment and the pride he should ever cherish in having commanded 
such a body. 



THE ARRIVAL HOME 431 

The arms and equipments were then turned over to the 
quartermaster, and the comrades furloughed until the following 
Monday when the regiment again reported at camp and were 
" mustered out " of the United States service and were once 
again private citizens. 




Cl^e 2E>raft Miot in l5omn, 3n\v, 1863. 

THE adjutant-general's REPORT AND THE PART TAKEN BY THE 
FORTY-FIFTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. 

ARLY in the month of July one of the most dis- 
graceful and cruel riots that ever occurred in this 
country, broke out in the city of New York. It 
was represented to be instigated by persons who 
were opposed to the Union cause, and especially to the law of 
Congress to draft men to fill our depleted regiments at the 
seat of war, and that it was carried out by their disloyal followers. 
The defection in New York spread to this city of Boston. Infor- 
mation was obtained on the 13th of July, that a riot was likely to 
take place in Boston. Preparation was immediately taken to 
prevent it. On the 14th of July, orders were given verbally to 
Captain Edward J. Jones, to notify his Company, the Eleventh 
Battery, to assemble at their Armory, in Cooper Street, and to 
hold them subject to orders. It became apparent in the after- 
noon of the 14th, that an outbreak would, at least, be attempted, 
and preparations were immediately made to nip it in the bud. 

Alarm spread to Cambridge, Roxbury, Charlestown, Lowell, 
New Bedford, and other large places and applications were made 
by the municipal authorities of these places to Your Excellency, 
for military support, to aid them in maintaining the peace, which 
requests were granted to the full extent demanded. The follow- 
ing " Special Orders " for troops were immediately issued. 

Headquarteks, Boston, July 14th, 1863.' 

(]!olonel Codman commandiTig Forty-Fifth Regiment, Massachusetts 
Volunteer Militia, is hereby ordered to report with his regiment forth- 
with, for duty at Readville. 

By order of the Commander-in-Chief, 

Wm. Schoulek, 

Adjutant-General. 
432 



THE DRAFT RIOT IN BOSTON 433 

Whereupon Colonel Codman issued the following order : 
Headquarters Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. 

Boston, July 14th, 1863. 

The Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia will rendezvous 
at Readvi lie, to-morrow moruingat Sunrise, or as soon after as possible. 
Each man will appear in uniform and will bring his blankets, haversack, 
and canteen. 

This is in accordance with orders from State Headquarters. 

The Regiment though mustered out of the United States Service, is 
in the service of the Commonwealth, and prompt obedience is expected 
to this order. 

By order of Colonel Codman, 

G. C. WlNSOR, 

First Lieutenant and Adjutant. 

Note. — For want of space we only quote the order to the Forty-Fifth 
Regiment. 

Nothing could excel the zeal and soldier like promptness 
with which the military organizations responded to the orders of 
Your Excellency. Major Gordon, U. S. A in command of Fort 
Independence, came from the fort with a company of his men 
and offered the services of himself and command for any military 
duty which Your Excellency, or His Honor, the Mayor of Boston 
might order him to perform. 

Captain Whiton's Company of Heavy Artillery, Massachu- 
setts Volunteers, also on duty at Fort Independence, came to this 
city, and upon representations made by Major Rodman, U. S. A., 
in command of the United States Arsenal at Watertown, this 
company was forwarded at once for guard duty at that important 
post. Captain Collins, Lieutenant McKibben, and other United 
States officers on duty at Boston also tendered their assistance, 
and performed valuable service. It is not my purpose to give a 
detailed account of the riot, of the disturbance which occurred 
during the days of July 14th and 15th. It is sufficient to state 
that the military and the police, by their courage and prompt 
action soon put an end to them, but not before blood had been 
shed upon the streets of Boston. 

The rioters assembled on the evening of the 14th, in the 



434 THE FOltTY-FIFTU BEGUIENT, M. V. M. 

neighborhood of the Armory of the Eleventh Battery, in Cooper 
Street, which was attacked with stones and other missiles. The 
military under command of Major Stephen Cabot, First Battalion 
of Heavy Artillery, Massachusetts Volunteers, kept inside in 
perfect quiet, but with their guns loaded, and ready for attack, 
should the exigency arrive. At length an attempt was made by 
the mob to force an entrance to the building and obtain posses- 
sion of the guns. It was not prudent to delay "and accordingly 
Major Jones in command of the Eleventh Battery gave the order 
to fire — he having read the riot act to them from a window of the 
Armory and ordered them to disperse. 

The effect was electrical ; several persons were killed, 
and more wounded — how many will probably never be known, as 
they were carried away by their friends and afterwards kept hid- 
den. This virtually crushed the mob, although riotous demon- 
strations were afterwards made in Dock Square,* — and in other 
parts of the city, but the presence and firm front of the military, 
and the courage and activity of the police cowed the despera- 
does. Several arrests were made of persons supposed to be ring- 
leaders but no more powder and ball were fired. The one volley 
in Cooper Street did the work, and saved many lives from death, 
and much valuable property from destruction. 

No other outbreak occurred in any of the other cities in this 
Commonwealth. The military, however, were held in readiness 
for several days in each of them, ready at a moment's notice to 
maintain the public peace. 

The following " Special Orders" were issued which relate to 
the riot: 

Hea-Dquakters, Boston, July 15th, 1863. 

Special Order No. 405. 

The efficient and able discharge of important duties by the various 
Military Corps, in the Commonwealth yesterday, to preserve the peace 



*NoTE. — The Forty-Fifth Massachusetts were doing guard duty in 
Dock Square. A member of Company I, Edward F. Reed, was stationed 
here in charge of two brass howitzers. It will be remembered that Com- 
pany I did garrison duty at Fort Macon, N. C, and became expert in 
handling artillery. 



THE DRAFT RIOT IX BOSTOX 435 

of the city of Boston, and maintain the supremacy of the laws, deserves 
and receives the thanks of His Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief. 
The entire force which went on duty yesterday, will remain until re- 
lieved by orders from these headquarters 

Citizens are invited by the Commander-in-Chief to enlist in the 
Forty- Fourth and Forty-Fifth Regiments, or any other military organi- 
zations existing in the Commonwealth. Regard will be given to the 
comfort and subsistence of the troops while under orders. Brigadier- 
General Peirce, Second-Brigade, First Division, commanding the 
troops on duty, will promulgate this Order, and will take proper meas- 
ures to have it carried into effect. 

Bj' order of the Commauder-in-Chief, 

Wm. Sohouler, 

Adjutant General. 



Headquartees, Boston, July 15th, 1863. 
Special Order No. 406. 

The commanders of companies of volunteer militia and all military 
organizations ordered for duty by orders issued July 14th, and by sub- 
sequent orders, will cause to be made complete and perfect rolls of the 
men who report for duty, and the time that they were relieved. Also 
the amount and number of rations which they received, and by whom 
they were provided. Attention must be given thereto by the com- 
manders of companies, to the rules of the Army Regulations in regard 
to rations. Brigadier-General Peirce is charged with the promulgation 
of this order. 

By order of the Commander-in-Chief, 

Wm. ScHorLER, 

Adjutant General. 



Headquarters, Boston, July 21st, 1863. 
Special Order No. 423. 

It having been represented at^these headquarters by His Honor Fred- 
erick W. Lincoln, Jr., Mayor of Boston, and by Brigadier-General Peirce 
in command of active forces that the Forty-Fourth and the Forty-Fifth 
Regiments, M. V. M., are no longer required to preserve the peace of 
the city, said regiments will be relieved from duty at once. Brigadier- 
General Peirce is charged with the promulgation and execution of this 
order and he will convey to Colonel Lee, of the Forty-Fourth, and to 
Colonel Codman of the Forty-Fifth, to be by them communicated to 



436 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

their officers and men the thanks of His Excellency, the Governor, for 
their prompt response to the call of duty, and the admirable manner in 
which they performed it. 

By order of the Commander-in-Chief, 

Wm. Schoulek, 

Adjutant General. 



Headquarters, Faneuil Hall Square, 

Boston, July 21st, 1863. 
Special Order No. 6. 

Colonel F. L. Lee commanding the Forty-Fourth Massachusetts 
Volunteer Militia, and Colonel Charles R. Codman, commanding the 
Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, are hereby ordered to dis- 
miss their respective commands until further orders. In issuing this 
order the General Commanding is desired by His Excellency, the Gov- 
ernor, John A. Andrew, to express to them, their officers and men, his 
thanks for their prompt response to the call of duty, and the admirable 
manner in which they performed it. Every duty has been performed 
to the entire satisfaction of the Commanding General. 
By command of 

R. A. Peirce, 
Brigadier General. 

C. J. HiGGINSON, 

Acting Adjutant General. 



FROM CHARLES EUSTIS HUBBARD'S "THE CAMPAIGN OF THE 
FORTY-FIFTH." 

"To the comrades of the Forty-Fifth it seemed quite like old times 
meeting once more in the barracks of Camp Meigs, and making prepar- 
ations for an expedition, though the consciousness that this time we 
were only bound to the city of Boston had a very enlivening effect upon 
us all. The quartermaster furnished us with arms, ammunition, and 
equipments, and with our blankets slung in the old fashion, we could 
very easily have imagined ourselves on the point of starting oft" on a 
tramp up country from New Berne. 

Having formed in line, the colonel equalized the companies, a 
rather important matter, as the Nantucket Company, Company H, had 
but one representative besides the officers, and the Cape Cod Company, 
Company D, but four or five. We then went through a short drill in 
street firing; and having loaded our guns with ball cartridges, started 



THE DRAFT RIOT IN BOSTON 437 

for the cars, and were deposited at the depot in town. Having executed 
the order, "prime," with guns capped and at half cock, to show the by- 
standers and all interested that this did not mean blank cartridges or 
holiday parade, we marched to our quarters in Faneuil Hall. 

This was the day following that of the Cooper Street Riot, and as a 
renewed attack on Dock Square and its gun shops was expected that 
night, this, the post of danger and honor, was assigned to the Forty-Fifth 
as well as the support of four guns of the Eleventh Battery, Captain E. 
J. Jones. We were on duty through the night, half of the regiment at 
a time, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody, and major, a 
company being assipned to each gun, they being placed one at each cor- 
ner of Faneuil Hall, thus commanding all the streets converging upon 
Dock Square. There were pickets out on all the neighboring streets, 
and no persons except market men, were permitted to enter the square. 
Strict orders were given to lire immediately on the approach of any 
threatening body of people, and thus, by a wise severity at the outset, to 
prevent such a prolongation of outrages as had resulted from the mis- 
judged leniency of the New York authorities. 

The night was passed very quietly, excepting some disturbance from 
a noisy crowd in the evening, which was, however, quickly dispersed by 
a patrol of dragoons. A regular guard was stationed at the entrance of 
the building, and there we had to stay throughout the day, short fur- 
loughs of an hour, or two, being occasionally granted. There is reason 
to fear, however, that during the week spent in the hall, a good many 
private furloughs were taken by way of the windows and spouts, but as 
we were only on duty at night, it mattered but little. 

We continued to spend our nights in the open air, generally in the 
square, and on one or two occasions detachments were sent to other 
points. South Boston Bridge, the armories, etc. Though the city seemed 
to be restored to its pristine security, yet fearing some outbreak on Sat- 
urday night or Sunday, we were detained till the next Tuesday. It 
seemed very strange to post sentries about the streets and alleys, with 
orders to allow no one to pass through, and the indignation of some of 
our worihy citizens at being made to go some other way, was very 
amusing. 

Our days were spent in watching the passers-by from the windows, 
and on one or two afternoons we were treated to a battalion drill on the 
Common, in which we certainly showed rather how much we had for- 
gotten than what we knew, for our mistakes were very numerous. 

The gaping crowd were, however, none the wiser, and doubtless 
thought them all a part of the show. But all good things must some- 
times have an end, and so did our rations of bologna sausage and Wash- 
ington pie, daily served out to us in the Cradle of Liberty. The rioters 
thought better of their plans, and wisely concluded that it was prefer- 



438 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

able to run the risk of being drafted and then killed, than to be shot 
down at theii- very doors; a fate they had every reason to expect if they 
attempted any further disturbance of the peace. Thanks to prompt 
action of the State and City authorities, the riotous proceedings were 
nipped in the bud, and law and order again reigned supreme. The men 
had been dropping into the rendezvous from day to day, drawn from a 
distance by the summons, until we numbered five hundred strong and on 
Monday night, knowing it would be the last time we should be together as 
a regiment, we devoted the evening.for we had no duty to perform that 
night, to having a good time. We sang all the army songs till we were 
tired out; we cheered all the officers and everything connected with the 
regiment, individually and collectively, till we were hoarse, and made 
such a scene as even old Faneuil Hall, in all her long history of stirring 
events, had never witnessed the like before, and probably never will 
again. 

Our task was ended, our nine months more than full. Leaving be- 
hind us a name blotted by no stain of dishonor, and with a proud con- 
sciousness of having done honor to the noble State that gave us birth, 
having, in camp, and on the battlefield, striven to do our duty by the 
Government we had volunteered to serve, on Tuesday, the 21st day of 
July, 1863, we were paid off and discharged, and the old Forty-Fifth, 
lived only in history. 



after CtDcntt-ftte ptav^. 




A VISIT TO NEW BERNE AND THE KINSTON BATTLE GROUND IN 1888. 
BY HENRY R. THOMPSON OF COMPANY A. 

A letter read at the Mid-Winter Reunion of the Forty-Fifth 
Massachusetts Regiment Association. 

ERHAPS a few words about North Carolina and 
what I have seen of the places with which our Regi- 
ment was associated, twenty-five years ago, may be 
of interest to the comrades assembled. The present 
expedition of the Forty-Fifth, consists of but two members, Mr. 
Charles H. Brooks of Company A, and myself, and the order of 
things of 1862 is reversed, in that this expedition commenced at 
Goldsboro, and finished at New Berne. 

The object of the expedition will soon be accomplished, and 
" the army " will be on its homeward way. Leaving Norfolk on 
the morning of the 22nd inst., we reached Weldon, a small in- 
ferior place (but of considerable strategetical importance in war 
times) at noon of the same day, and Goldsboro in the evening. 
Our train being an hour late, we found that we should not be 
able to connect with the New Berne train, but as there were six 
passengers aboard for the train, it was telegraphed to be held for 
us, which was well for it, as we constituted about all its 
passengers. 

At first we thought that we would remain at Goldsboro over 
night and go over the battlefield there, but as it was not of 
especial interest to the Forty-Fifth we decided to push on to 
Kinston. On the train we made the acquaintance of a promi- 
nent citizen of Kinston, a banker, Mr. S. H. Loftin, who was a 
member of the Third North Carolina Cavalry and was at the 
battle of Kinston. He expressed himself as very happy to 
meet us, and gave us a pressing invitation to visit the battlefield 
with him, in his carriage, which we of course accepted. 

439 



440 THE FORTY-FIFTH EEGIMEXT, M. V. M. 

He told us much of interest concerning the fight from the 
Confederate standpoint. Among other things he said that Gen- 
eral Evans when he met General Smith (his superior officer), 
begged to be allowed to return, get in our rear and capture us, 
which our friend Loftin said he could have accomplished, as he 
knew we were out of ammunition and food, but General Smith 
would not permit it, as he believed we were too strong for them. 

Mr. Loftin spoke of our return to New Berne as a " retreat," 
as in fact did all whom we met and talked with, who knew any- 
thing about the expedition. 

Among other things Mr. Loftin said, that the Confederates 
had but two thousand eight hundred men all told. That at 
Whitehall only two hundred infantry were engaged, and but six 
pieces of artillery, two of which were dismounted by our guns, 
earlv in the fight. I disputed none of his statements as J saw he 
believed them to be facts. Before taking the carriage ride with 
him. Comrade Brooks and I visited the battlefield on foot. The 
general features of the ground are unchanged. The old forest 
has almost wholly disappeared and a new growth has taken its 
place. 

Between the point where we formed ready to charge, near 
the old church, which has disappeared, and the old house near 
the bridge, still standing, a thick growth of Black Jack hickory 
has sprung up, entirely shutting off the view of either spot from 
the other, and a line of fortifications extending on either side of 
the road from river to river, changes the appearance of things 
very materially. Proceeding along the road, familiar spots which 
we were looking for, appeared in view, and we soon found our- 
selves at the point where the regiment went in by the " Right 
Flank " to receive its " baptism of fire " We then followed the 
old line of march, till stopped by the swamp, which still exists in 
all its slimy mud as formerly, out of which were growing saplings 
with gnarled roots, affording the only means of getting through, 
by leaping from one to the other, with frequent slips to unknown 
depths 

It is needless to state we did not attempt going through, be- 
ing perfectly willing to let the experience of 18(32 suffice. We 



AFTER TWEXTY-FIVE YEARS 441 

then retraced our steps to the road, and passing the swamp, en- 
tered the wood at its other edge, and followed the track of the 
regiment to more solid ground. With the exception of the 
absence of the larger trees (all being gone) the ground remains 
the same as on that eventful day, and memories of that struggle 
came crowding thick and fast upon us. 

I fancied I saw the line of " blue " and heard the crack of 
the rifle and the boom of the cannon. I could seem to see 
" Graves " as he lay moaning on the ground, and the many life- 
less forms stretched around. I hear the sharp order to " Fix 
Bayonets ! " and remember the thrill that went through me at 
the time, and I see the rush of the boys as they hurried to the 
" open " and hastily formed the line. But how changed ! All 
nature now peaceful, the sun shone brightly, the birds sang gaily, 
and there was nothing to the visible eye or ear that indicated 
anything of the war of twenty-five years ago. I was exceedingly 
gratified to find that we could locate positions so accurately, as 
for instance, the location of the little church, which was verified 
by Mr. Loftin later in the day. The old bridge has been replaced 
by a fine iron one The road which curved to the left, following 
the line of the river, still remains, but a new piece connects the 
bridge in a straight line with the main street, where the cotton 
was burning. The old railroad station still stands, but a number 
of fiew buildings have been erected around it. One building 
shows a hole where a cannon ball went through it and into the 
station. 

Great improvements have been made in the town. We were 
very hospitably received by all, and they seemed pleased to see 
us take so much interest in the "fight." One gentleman, Mr. 
Wooten, informed us that his father owned and occupied the 
plantation, on which we camped, the night before Whitehall, and 
he recognized my description of the building from which we 
borrowed (?) the sweet potatoes for that morning's breakfast. 
Mr. Loftin drove us to South West Creek, and showed us a huge 
pine tree, through which one of our cannon balls passed, and 
which has stood all these years, until a few days ago We left 
Kinston last evening and arrived in New Berne at 9 o'clock. We 



442 THE FORTY-FIFTH liEGIMFNT, M. V. M. 

had supposed we must go to the old " Gaston House," but were 
glad to learn that it no longer holds supremacy. The new "Hotel 
Albert" where we are, is located on Middle Street, east side, be- 
tween Pollock and East Front Streets. This street as we knew it 
was a resident street, but now, it is almost wholly devoted to 
business. The old structures have been superseded by new and 
substantial brick ones, and modern civilization is apparent, in 
plate glass windows, and brown curbstone sidewalks. 

There have been many improvements in the city, new resi- 
dences of modern architecture have been erected, indicating 
wealth and refinement, but generally old " New Berne " is still 
here. We visited the old quarters of Company A Though 
twenty-five years have elapsed, it looks as though we had but just 
left it. Apparently no improvements have been made, for every 
part of it seems familiar. 

The building where was located the old Provost Guard 
headquarters, on the corner of Pollock and East Front Streets, 
still stands, but is somewhat changed, having been remodeled. 
The Craven Street Jail was burned, and the new Court House 
occupies the site. We visited Fort Totten which retains its name 
and largely its shape, as do the breastworks. The enclosure of 
Fort Totten is a vegetable garden, as is the case with another 
fort on the Neuse. 

Just across the road, near our old barracks at Camp Amory 
on the Trent, is an earthwork, commanding the bridge and its 
approaches, Fort Gaston, and further to the east is the fort built 
by the Forty-Fifth, while at Camp Massachusetts. Its embank- 
ments are but little affected by the lapse of time. From it, and 
extending to the Neuse is a line of breastworks. Fort Spin- 
ola can be seen, but the old camp of the Forty-Fifth is covered 
with a fine growth of early peas. I wish that we could locate 
the house of each company, for the interest of the members of 
the companies who may be present at the Re-union. We can 
locate many of the houses, but cannot affix the letters. We have 
met many Ex-Confederate soldiers and southern citizens, and 
universal satisfaction is expressed that matters terminated as 
they did. The Union soldier is sure of a warm welcome here, 



AFTER TWENTY-FIVE YEARS 443 

and had the proposed excursion been made, the citizens would 
have done their best to have made it a most enjoyable occasion. 
The proprietor of this hotel was a citizen of Kinston at the 
time of the fight. His hotel here is a fine new building lighted 
by gas, steam heated, and water distributed all over the house 
from an artesian well. In fact it is a modern, up to date hotel, 
where visiting members of the Forty-Fifth will be well taken 
care of. 




atitirej3j3 on ti^e Life ann ci^aracter of 
i^on» CDtoarD W. Mmitv* 

BY PRIVATE CYRUS H. BATES OF COMPANY A, READ AT THE REUNION 
OF COMPANY A ASSOCIATES JANUARY 21, 1892. 

Is the years, weeks and months of our army life float 
past into history, we look back through the mist of 
the years and recall old faces, old scenes, old memo- 
ries of the dreary hours on the sentry's beat, the 
long marches, when at the close of the day we threw ourselves 
on the cold wet ground to dream of our homes in far away New 
England, the roar of cannon, the sharp volleys of rifles, the 
mangled forms of comrades lying with their dead peaceful faces 
turned upward, the hot Carolina sands, through those burning 
May and June days, when not a sunset but saw a hollow square 
formed on the parade ground, in the centre a pine box contain- 
ing all that was mortal of some comrade, stricken but a few hours 
before by the deadly Southern fever, all those scenes that once 
seemed as clear cut to our vision as an etching, have by time, 
that great efifacer of all things mortal, been growing dimmer and 
dimmer on the tablets of our memories until it all seems like a 
dream, needing some great shock to arouse and bring the past 
vividly before us, even to the most minute details. 

As the past year was drawing to a close, ere the echoes of 
the Merry Christmas bells, proclaiming " Peace on Earth, Good- 
will to Men," had hardly died away, we read on the evening 
bulletins, 

"EDWARD W. KINSLEY IS DEAD." 

My heart leaped across the chasm of years down the quarter 
of a century to those old war days at Readville and on the banks 
of the Trent. How clearly it came to me, my first sight of that 
bright, keen, kindly face ! It was an evening of song at Read- 

444 



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EDWARD W. KINSLEY 



CYRUS H. BATES 



DR. SAMUEL KNEELAND 
SURGEON 



RON. EDWARD W. KINSLEY 445 

ville camp. The barrack room was crowded with visitors. 
Company A was famous for its musical talent. Becket was there, 
with his fine baritone, which was heard so often in after years in 
the New York Glee Club. Whitney, our own Myron W., the 
finest basso in the band, was also there. The air seemed palpitat- 
ing with the strains of liberty, when Kinsley's clear tenor took 
up "The Battle Hymn of the Republic " and all the enthusiasm, 
all the pent up feelings of a life-long lover of liberty, the very 
soul of the man rang out. 

" As He died to make men holy 
Let us die to make men free." 

It needed no one to tell me that here was a man whose heart and 
soul was given to the cause. 

" The grand old cause our fathers loved 
Freedom and Equal laws." 

Had one been passing through Copley Square in December 
last, he would have seen a throng of sad-faced men standing at the 
doors of Trinity Church. If you had entered those dimly-lighted 
portals, you would have seen what is rarely vouchsafed any man 
to see, military honors over the remains of a private American 
citizen. Not an officer ; he was never girded with a bright and 
shining sword. Not a private ; he had never shouldered a 
musket, but the flag-draped casket was there ; you heard the 
measured tread of armed men, the roll of drum, and the notes of 
the soul-stirring bugle ; all the solemn scenes of soldiers' farewell 
to a comrade. An honorary member of a Massachusetts regi- 
ment, a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the 
United States, one of the largest Grand Army Posts in the North 
bearing his name. Surely this man must have performed some 
noble deeds, must have written his name high up on the scroll, 
where is read the names of those who helped save the Republic, 
that when his mortal remains are laid away, the stillness of the 
morning air should be broken by the sound of bugle and the tap 
of the drum ! But he merited it all. Many a man has had tons of 



446 THE FORTY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

granite piled above his dust, many a man has had his statue of 
brass or stone erected on our highways, who never did one tithe 
to serve his country as did 

EDWARD WILKINSON KINSLEY. 

No true history can be written of the part Massachusetts 
played in the great struggle between freedom and slavery, with- 
out inscribing his name in "letters both bold and bright." 
Through all the long years of the war for the Union, in private 
and in public, he was the same faithful, unswerving, never-doubt- 
ing patriot, and no one can overestimate the debt we owe him. 

Born on the rugged New Hampshire hills, his parents moved 
to Springfield when he was two years old. His father, Rudolphus 
Kinsley, was a strong Abolitionist, and his mother joined heart 
and hand with her husband. Those were the days of Lindley 
Coates and Lovejoy. 

"That dark and evil time 
When the Golden Rule was treason, 
And to feed the hungry, crime." 

So that Edward drew in his love of liberty with his mother's 
milk, and when barely twelve years of age we find him driving 
many a weary mile in the cold winter nights, with some trem- 
bling half-starved and hunted slave, hidden under the robes, 
flying from bondage to freedom. 

At the age of sixteen coming to Boston, he was one of that 
faithful band who sought the companionship of such brave 
hearts as Garrison, Phillips, Sumner and Wilson, and when John 
Brown was hanged in 1859, he caught fresh inspiration from such 
heroic souls as Lydia Maria Child, sending her " God bless you, 
man !" to the old hero in his prison at Harper's Ferry, and the 
prophetic utterances of the silver-tongued Phillips, " You have 
proved that a slave state is only fear in the mask of despotism." 

The next year, 1860, there came to the front, the man in 
whom the Abolitionists rested all their hopes, — John A. Andrew 
was the peer in intellect of all those grand, noble men who came 



HON. EDWARD W. KINSLEY 447 

to the front in 1860 and 1S61. Firm, true, honest, determined, 
never afraid to speak his inmost thoughts, and basing his whole 
belief on the grand truth that " all men should be free." Hear 
him ! " Rich or poor, white or black, great or small, wise or 
foolish, in season or out of season, in the right or in the wrong, 
whoever will speak, let him speak!" 

With a great gift vouchsafed to so few, the power of being 
able to look ahead farther than any man of his time, he saw with 
a prophetic eye the work that lay before him. He realized, as 
but few others did, that the North was not grappling with the 
real issue ; that before the Rebellion should be crushed, and the 
" Stars and Stripes " float in triumph from Maine to the Gulf, 
the slave must be free. In this dark hour he looked about him 
for some strong arm to lean upon, some incorruptible man, one 
with so much self respect and integrity, that no one would dare 
bribe him ; one pure in his private life, clean handed in public 
affairs, loyal to God and to his country, and such a man he found 
in Edward Wilkinson Kinsley, and he grappled him to his side 
with hooks of steel. A score of evenings would not suffice to 
tell the story of Kinsley's noble work. Much of it was secret 
work known only to himself and Governor Andrew, and never 
told till years after the war was ended, and then only in the 
privacy of the home, or to a few comrades gathered around his 
table. But his power was felt every day, and every hour in the 
day, during those four years of blood and heroic struggle ; one 
hour pouring out scorn upon some dishonest contractor, who 
tried to weave threads of cotton in the army cloth, the next, com- 
pelling the return of shoddy overcoats, and paying for good ones 
with his own check. He was heart and soul with the great War 
Governor in his constant unceasing efforts for the Emancipation 
of the slaves. 

The Emancipation Proclamation was issued September 22, 
1862, but it is now conceded by every student of history that it 
was given to the country only after persistent supplication from 
men like Andrew, Sumner, Wilson and others. Mr. Lincoln has 
always been credited with great sagacity, but he firmly insisted 
that the conflict was waged for the maintenance of the Union, and 
//<?/ for the destruction of Slavery. 



448 THE FORTY-FIFTH liEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

One day in September, 1863, Governor Andrew, went to Mr. 
Kinsley's house and asked him to go to Washington at once. 
Said Andrew, " My mind is filled with forebodings of evil I do 
not feel easy. Something is going wrong. I beg you to go to 
Washington immediately and see Mr. Lincoln and tell him our 
hearts are firmly set upon this matter and for him not to recede 
0/1 e inch.'''' 

Mr. Kinsley proceeded to Washington, had an interview 
with Mr. Lincoln lasting several hours, the President going into 
the subject of Emancipation and, plying Mr. Kinsley with ques- 
tions, as to the feeling in Massachusetts, and above all what 
Governor Andrew thought and said upon the matter. This was 
only one of the many interviews between Mr. Kinsley and Presi- 
dent Lincoln. It was during the interview just mentioned that 
an incident occurred and I will give it as nearly as possible, as it 
was told to me. While Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Kinsley were talk- 
ing, a clerk opened the door and said that a woman insisted upon 
seeing the President. Mr. Lincoln desired that she be admitted. 
A poor oFd woman, her clothing clinging to her worn out frame, 
came in and with tears running down her cheeks, she asked Mr. 
Lincoln for a pass to go and see her son, who was in a field hos- 
pital. The President told her it was impossible, entirely out of 
the question, no pass could be given to any one outside the 
military. "Her grief," said Mr. Kinsley was pitiable, she pleaded 
with Mr. Lincoln to be allowed to go and nurse her boy, till the 
President, every muscle in his rugged face quivering with emo- 
tion, turned to his desk, wrote a few lines, handed it to her and 
said, " Here is your pass ; go to Stanton and get it countersigned " 
Mr. Lincoln leaned his head upon his hand, and in silence 
awaited the storm. In a moment the door flew open and in came 
Stanton like a raging lion. " Mr. President, don't you know that 
under no circumstances can a pass be given to a civilian .'' Why 
did you give a pass to this woman?" Quick as a flash came 
the answer, "Because she don't wear hoops" — without a word 
Stanton turned and left the room, and the poor old woman got 
her pass. Mr. Lincoln knew that he should not have given the 
pass, and that against Stanton's anger he could oppose no logical 



HON. EDWARD W. KINSLEY 449 

excuse, so he evaded it all by that irrelevant reply, and Stanton 
was wise enough and knew Mr. Lincoln well enough to see that 
all arguments were useless. 

One of Edward Kinsley's great characteristics was his kind- 
heartedness. I know of no one to whom these words of his old 
friend Andrew could better apply, " I know not what record of 
sin awaits me in the world to come, — I cannot tell — but this I 
do know, I never despised a man because he was poor, because 
he was ignorant, because he was black." He was the friend of 
the poor and the slave, one to whom others came for help when 
stranded on life's breakers, and they never failed to find a friend. 
Let me tell you what Mr. Kinsley called one of the happiest 
moments of his life. On one of his missions to the front, he was 
on a Government Steamer about to leave Suffolk for Fortress Mon- 
roe. The captain had given orders to haul in the gang plank, when 
at the top of the bank was seen an old negro woman, doing her 
best to catch the boat before it started. "Why don't you wait 
for the woman?" No answer, but che gang plank was hauled in, 
and stepping to the rail, the captain pulled the bell to go ahead_ 
" She is a poor old woman, who probably lives down the river 
and wants to get home " " Our boats don't take niggers." "This 
one does," said Mr. Kinsley, quietlyswinging around on his heel. 
Looking at the quiet little man, the captain said, "Who are 
you?" Mr. Kinsley put his hand in his pocket and pulled out a 
document signed by Abraham Lincoln, directing that all officers 
in the lield and all masters of transportation should extend all 
possible courtesies to Edward W. Kinsley. Touching his cap, as 
if to a superior officer, the boat was stopped, the gang plank 
thrown out, and the old woman taken aboard. 

His great big heart was full of sympathy. No poor veteran 
ever called upon him to ask a favor but found him cordial and 
quick to render service, if that service was in his power. When 
his old friend and chief, Governor Andrew, was laid away in the 
grave, he was the organizer of a subscription to place Mrs. 
Andrew forever above want. On one of his western trips he saw 
how much railroad men on those bleak and lonely prairies needed 
books, and upon his return home inspired the hearts of some of 



450 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

his friends in Boston and New York with such a portion of his 
own enthusiasm and love for all mankind, that enough money 
was collected to buy the libraries, Mr. Kinsley personally attend- 
ing to the collecting of the books and forwarding them to the 
Atchison & Topeka Railroad Company. Of his labors during the 
later years of his life, as Railroad Commissioner, the outside 
world perhaps knew little, but no man in Massachusetts ever did 
as much as he to push into use all manner of life saving appli- 
ances, and to raise the standard of every road in the State. His 
was a busy life, filled with doing good to others. 

Life, joy, happiness, went with him everywhere ! All that 
was mortal of him sleeps at Forest Hill, but the part that never 
dies, this will never leave us — a brave, true, tender soul. He 
will live enshrined in our affections in deepest love and venera- 
tion. He has lived his life, giving his light where light was 
most needed. He has passed behind the veil which no mortal 
hand has ever lifted, has slowly drifted away to another world. 

" I cannot say and will not say 
That he is dead. He's just away. 
With a cheery smile, and a wave of the hand 
He has wandered into an unknown land, 
And left us dreaming, how very fair, 
It needs must be, since lie lingers tliere." 

May we not hope, may we not believe, that when out of the 
mists, dear hands reached out to lead him across the river, and 
through the valley of the shadows to where the cloud never blots 
out the sunshine, and love never wearies or dies : that among 
the first to welcome him to that glorious realm, was that great 
Statesman, and lover of humanity, John A. Andrew, and close 
behind him, pressing forward to welcome him were Lincoln and 
Sumner, Wilson and Morton, all that band of heroes, and stretch- 
ing out to the very borders of the Spirit Land was seen in that light 
that never shone on sea or land, that vast army of martyrs, who 
wenL out from Northern homes to offer up their lives, that this 
country might be one and undivided — all forming one vast pro- 
cession to the foot of the great white throne. And may we not 



HON. EDWARD W. KINSLEY 



451 



also beheve he heard that Voice asking, ''What have you done 
to inherit Eternal life?" and with bowed head, he ans.^ered, ''I 
did what I could to help Earth's down-trodden ones, to free the 
slaves and to build up a republic whose corner stone should be 
truth and equal rights to all men." Then from the great white 
throne, he heard that Voice say with infinite tenderness, ''Well 
done, good and faithful servant, enter into my Kingdom " In 
memory to him whose loyalty to the cause of liberty was irre 
proachable, and whose fidelity never faltered, I tender this my 
feeble offering. -^ 

" Statesman, yet friend to truth ! Of soul sincere 
In action faithful, and in honor clear; 
Who broke no promise, served no privlte end 
Who gained no title, and who lost no friend "' 



iHccting^ auD Ifxc-imiouiS of tl)t fovtv-fift^ 
Begimmt, iB. w. flip. 

FROM RECORDS OF JOHN D. WHITCOMB, SECRETARY. 




T a meeting of the Regiment held at Nahant, Septem- 
ber 5th, 1S76, it was voted: To form a permanent 
organization to be known as the " Association of the 
Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Regiment," and to hold a 
yearly re-union. Colonel Charles R. Codman was elected Presi- 
dent. Over two hundred were present and sat down at the tables 
at Whitney's Hotel. Before returning home, "Dress Parade" 
was gone through with, in the field adjacent to the Hall, the bat- 
talion under command of Captain Murdoch, Lieutenant Bond, as 
Adjutant, and Lieutenants Richardson and Hardy in command 
of companies. 



THE DEDICATION OF THE SOLDIERS* MONUMENT ON BOSTON COMMON 

took place September 17, 1877. The Regiment turned out about 
one hundred and fifty men in the parade, marching over the en- 
tire route. The Boston Transcript of September 18th said : "The 
Forty-Fifth (Cadet) Regiment of this city carried, besides the 
National Colors, its rich blue field flag, presented by ladies of 
Massachusetts, at Readville, just previous to its departure for the 
seat of war. It contains bullet-hole marks of service. 

The three colors were carried by three color corporals, 
Keating, Dakin and Chittenden, who were members of the Color 
Guard of the Regiment in service. Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver 
W. Peabody, Major Russell Sturgis, Jr., and Adjutant Gershom 
C. Winsor, appeared in command, and on the staff, finely 
mounted. 

452 




CONVOY OF STEAMSHIPS MISSISSIPPI, MERRIMAC AND SAXON, 
BOSTON TO MOKEHEAD CITY, N. C, NOVEMBER, 1862 




EDWIN P. LONGLEY, COMPANY K 
President of the Association of the 45th Mass. Regt. for ic,og 



MEETINGS AND RE-UNIONS 453 

A large number of line officers were present in company com- 
mand, and the men of the Regiment, in good marching, and 
soldierly bearing, made a solid display. At the State House the 
Boston Cadets paid the Regiment special marks of recognition 
and it algo seemed to have many friends along the line." 



ON DECEMBER 5tH, 1878. 

A special meeting was held in the Meionaon, Tremont 
Temple, one hundred members of the Regiment being present. 

Attention was given to the subject of the nomination of 
Charles R. Codman for Mayor of the City of Boston. Sergeant 
Royal P. Barry, offered the following Preamble and Resolution : 

" The return during the last year from a long absence in 
Europe of Hon. Charles R. Codman, commanding the Forty- 
Fifth Regiment during its war service, and the prominent posi- 
tion in which he is now placed before the public, make it proper 
and due that the Association should take some action thereon. 
It is therefore. Resolved, That during Colonel Codman's absence 
he has had, as always since our first association with, and knowl- 
edge of him, our confidence, respect and sympathy. While we 
know, that between himself and ourselves, there is no need to 
make open profession of feeling such as this, yet it gives us pleas- 
ure to do so, and also to congratulate him upon his safe return 
to his native city in health and with the disposition for energetic 
usefulness. 

Meeting here as Soldiers, not making a claim to. great ser- 
vices, where, in many cases, other soldiers did so much more ; 
yet for our Colonel, we hold that there may have been many 
older soldiers, but there were few better, and certainly none who 
more completely respected the rights of the humblest soldier he 
had under him, nor who cared more diligently and self-sacrific- 
ingly for the well-being of every individual under his command, 
and we are naturally proud of any distinction that may be con- 
ferred upon him. Meeting here as citizens who know Colonel 
Codman,— most of us living in the city of Boston, and all of us 



454 THE FOBTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

interested in the good government of the capital city of our 
State, — we are rejoiced that a man of such unblemished charac- 
ter, such sturdy integrity and independence, and so pre-eminently 
able in executive qualities, has consented to sacrifice his personal 
interests for the public good. Whatever the result in awaiting 
of those abilities may be, we congratulate our fellow citizens upon 
the opportunity. 

Finally as Individuals, we pledge ourselves to do all in our 
power toward placing in the Mayoralty Chair a gentleman in 
whom we have unbounded confidence and whom we have tried 
and found in possession of elements of character fitted to grace, 
and certain to honor, any position in which he may be placed." 

The resolution was received with cheers and long continued 
applause. Remarks cordially endorsing the Resolution were 
made by Lieut. Colonel Peabody, Dr. Samuel Kneeland, Hon. 
George P. Denny, Quartermaster Francis A. Dewson and others, 
and on motion of Comrade Thomas M. Ware, the Resolution was 
adopted by a rising and unanimous vote. 



REUNION AT PLYMOUTH, JULY 17, 1879. 

The Boston Imnsaipt of July 18th said : " Of those who saw 
active service, one hundred were in attendance and with them 
sixty-five guests, many of whom were ladies. They were accom- 
panied by the Maplewood Band, of which John A. Spofford, their 
old regimental bandmaster, is leader. Of this company there 
were men from Nantucket, the Vineyard, and many towns on the 
Cape, but by far the greater number came from Boston and its 
suburbs." The Comrades were cordially received by the citizens 
of Plymouth and shown many attentions, visiting many points of 
interest in that historic town, Plymouth Rock, Pilgrim Hall and 
the Court House. An interesting service was held in the ceme- 
tery at the grave of Horace Holmes, a member of Company A, 
where the ritual for the dead of the Grand Army was read, and 
the grave handsomely decorated with flowers. Letters were read 
from absent members, among others from Dr. Stone of San 
Francisco. 




JOHN D. WHlTCOMli 
Secretary Forty-Fifth Regiment Association 



MEETINGS AND BE-UNIONS 455 

REUNION AT NANTUCKET, SEPTEMBER 11th, 1881. 

" The visiting comrades arrived at Nantucket at nine o'clock 
Sunday morning and were escorted by the resident members to 
the Springfield House, and later attended a Union Religious 
Service in the Methodist Church. The pulpit was handsomely 
decorated and the services were in every way befitting the occa- 
sion. The sermon was by the pastor of the church, Rev Mr. 
Ransom, from the text: "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem." 
Following this service the soldiers repaired to the Soldier's Monu- 
ment where they strewed flowers in memory of the departed. Mr. 
John D. Whitcomb after making some feeling allusions to familiar 
names that he saw upon the shaft read the " Pledge of the Dead " 
as only a surviving Comrade can render such a piece. The poem 
is a most beautiful one, written by William Winter and delivered 
at the banquet of the Army of the Potomac, given in Albany, 
N. Y., June 18, 1881. The next day a " Camp Fire " was lighted 
at Surfside. Reminiscences were revived, old familiar stories 
related, and friendships firmly renewed. After the dinner a very 
eloquent and impressive address was given by' Dr. Arthur E. 
Jenks which was listened to with the liveliest attention. Among 
other things he said : " I may say that never since I saw one of 
the first State regiments march to the front, have^ I ever forgotten 
either the fate or the fortune of a Union Soldier. Glorious 
Forty-Fifth Regiment! True your service was but for nine 
months ; but in all those awful spaces you stood like heroes ! 
Nine month's duty in war ; the record of the eternal years for 
your reward ! Success is not measured by the time occupied in 
achieving it, but rather by the importance of the work when 
accomplished. Sheridan's ride to Winchester was the break- 
neck speed of only a few hours. That he saved the day is the 
glory of horse and man ; the lasting praise of Sheridan. Men of 
New England, 

" With us your names sliall live, 
Thro' lontj succeeding^ years; 
Embahned with all our hearts can give. 
Our praises and our tears." 

Rev. Mr. Ransom read a fine poem entitled, " On Picket 



456 THE FORTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Duty." All joined in singing " America." The Camp was 
called " Theodore Parkman " in honor of the Color-Sergeant 
of the Forty-Fifth killed at Whitehall Returning from the 
Camp the Comrades sat down to a fine dinner at the Springfield 
House where a continuous fire of wit and wisdom flew about the 
festive board and the best of good feeling prevailed. The Com- 
rades voted their trip to Nantucket "the best time they ever 
had." 



REUNION AT SWAMPSCOTT, JUNE 25, 1885. 

Upon arrival at Swampscott the visitors were received by 
the General James L. Bates Post 118 of the Grand Army and 
veterans of Company E. Under command of Lieut. Alpheus H. 
Hardy the line marched to the Town Hall where a collation was 
served by the ladies of Swampscott. A vote of thanks was 
passed to Adjutant Winsor for securing a correct record of the 
service of the Forty-Fifth in the forthcoming history of the 
Twenty-Third Massachusetts Regiment. President Royal P. 
Barry gave some interesting statistics of the make-up of the 
Forty-Fifth Regiment, and brief accounts of the men of Swamp- 
scott in the regiment and their excellence as soldiers. The 
Forty-Fifth was perhaps more thoroughly representative of 
Massachusetts men than any other raised in the State. Thirty- 
two men were credited to the quota of the town of Swampscott. 
One of these men was killed in action, three died in the service, 
one of them died later in Andersonville prison, after re-enlist- 
ment ; three have died since the war. First Lieut. Alpheus H. 
Hardy of Company E paid a warm tribute to the bravery and 
reliability of the men of Swampscott, mentioning by names, 
Thomas Donnelly, Caleb Stone and Dudley Blaney among others 
who were killed, or died during the war, particularly dwelling 
upon the cheerfulness and valor of Charles H. Smith, who later 
was taken prisoner and died amid the horrors of Andersonville. 
Lieut. J. Frank Emmons came specially from New York to see 
the men of his old company and spoke earnestly in their praise. 
Although obliged to return in the afternoon he had pleasure 




THOMAS E. HOLWAY, COMPANY D 
President of the Association of the 45th Mass. Regiment, ig 



MEETINGS AND BE-UNIONS 457 

enough to amply repay his coming. There was a loud call for 
the skipper of the Ocean Bride who put out with his crew in the 
teeth of a fierce northeast gale on November 9, 1862, and perilled 
danger in Boston Bay to reach the storm bound transport 
Mississippi and deliver a freight of apples and supplies. Captain 
Miles Blanchard, hale and hearty, came forward and made a 
brief speech expressive of his pleasure at meeting the Forty-Fifth 
under such pleasant and widely different circumstances. Eight 
members of this crew were present as guests of the Regiment. 
At the close of Captain Blanchard's remarks an original poem 
entitled "A Greeting to Swampscott," was sung to the tune of 
" Glory Hallelujah," Comrade Thomas C. Evans acting as 
chorister. 



Witli song of old the Forty-Fifth greets Swampscott town today, 
And comes again with loyal heart, though heads may wear the gray, 
To give a hearty grasp of hand for days of Boston Bay, 

When troops were sailing on. 

Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! 

As troops were sailing on. 

If ranks are now not finely closed, yet comrades staunch remain, 

To tell the tale ingratitude and tell it time again, 

The story of that valiant crew, in days of strife and pain. 

The Ocean Bride who manned. 

Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! 

Hail to that valiant band. 

In thought of one November day, when storm and wave were high. 

All seem to see, in fancy free, a welcome craft draw nigh. 

Her freight put out by willing hands and hearts that knew a tie, 

For sons then sailing on. 

Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! 

For hands and hearts and sons. 

The golden apple was the fruit that banished Eve, 'tis said. 

When driven out from Paradise with curse upon her head. 

But Swampscott fruit with blessing came, as manna blent with bread. 

In wilderness of storm. 

Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! 

That storm and war are gone. 



458 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

The fields and lanes of Swarapscott town are blooming now in June, 
In peaceful wiles all nature smiles, and hearts are just in tune, 
Ani' cloud alone is fond regret that friends must part so soon. 

For day is hasting on. 

Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! 

While life is marching on. 

The President stated that there was no name of the author on 
the program, but he believed it was written by our Secretary, 
John D. Whitcomb. 

After reading of letters from absent comrades the following 
original poem was read by Comrade Edward P. Jackson, entitled, 
"The Undecorated Graves." 

A myriad of the noblest sons of earth 

That ever rose in dauntless bravery 
To battle for the land that gave them birth 

And heal the woe of human slavery — 
That ever left the happy fireside, 

Whose flames illumined love and cheeriness. 
For flames that shone on garments crimson-dyed. 

On hunger, cold and deathly weariness — 
Today in one broad shallow grave are lying. 

Ah! well we know the anguish of their dying. 

A myriad famine-stricken forms were there. 

With hollow eyes bedimmed with bitter grieving, 
With hearts that withered in their long despair, 

Till madness brought its terrible reprieving — 
The weight of agony, ah, who can tell, 

What slowly sank within that prison portal. 
Sank like a millstone — crushing as it fell, — 

Crushing like wheat, — the very soul immortal! 
Low, low the murdered multitude are lying, 

To heaven, for justice, loudtheir blood is crying. 

They gave themselves a willing sacrifice, 

They were not driven to their death like cattle, 
'Twas not their country's mandate, but her cries. 

That sent her gallant champions to the battle. 
Erect and strong, might still be every form. 

Their ruddy manly cheeks need not have faded. 
Their hearts with life and love might still be warm. 

Their voice the March of Progress still have aided 




LUTHER S. JOHNSON, COMPANY F 
PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE 45TH MASS. REGIMENT, 1903 



MEETINGS AND RE-UNIONS 459 

In unmarked sepulchres their forms are lying, 
A myriad broken hearts, at home are sighing. 

O would that tender lips their brows had pressed, 

And forms of loved ones blessed their dying vision ! 
But all unnoticed sank they to their rest, 

Mid oaths and groans, or words of fierce derision. 
No perfumed caskets held their wasted frames, 

Their shrouds were buttoned round them old and tattered. 
No sculptured stones immortalize their names, 

No flowers on their unknown graves are scattered. 
Far, far from home and kindred they are lying, 

With only idle breezes o'er them sighing. 

Before leaving Swainpscott the comrades dropped red and 
white roses upon the Soldier's Monument in memory of their 
comrades whose names were inscribed on the tablet. 



REUNION AT MANCHESTER-BY-THE-SEA JUNE 23, 1886. 

The Eleventh Annual Re-union was held at the Masconomo 
House, one hundred and seventy-five members being present. 
At Salem the Salem Cadet Band joined the party, and upon 
arrival at Manchester the line was formed and with the band in 
the lead marched to the hotel. President Charles E. C. Breck 
occupied the chair. The Secretary reported that of the 1018 
ofiticers and enlisted men who left Readville in 1862, the where- 
abouts of 571 were known, and 325 have passed to the final 
" muster out." The death of Rev. Samuel K. Lothrop, one of 
the earliest friends of the Regiment, and an Honorary Member, 
was also noted, his name being among the first placed on the 
Honorary List in recognition of the high esteem in which he 
was held for his early and great interest in the welfare of the 
regiment. 

In recognition of the long and faithful service of comrade 
William B. Stacey, as Commissary, it was voted that the title of 
his office be changed to that of " quartermaster." The secretary 
read. a communication from Colonel Codman, relating to the Blue 
Flag of the Regiment, which the colonel had placed in the custody 



460 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

of the Boston Cadets, and on motion of Comrade T. C. Evans it 
was voted that the action of Colonel Codman be confirmed. 

The comrades marched to the railroad station and received 
Major Russell Sturgis, Jr., who was warmly welcomed as he 
alighted on the platform. Colonel Codman arrived just after 
dinner and was enthusiastically greeted by the men who were 
drawn up in line for his reception. The band played " Hail to 
the Chief " and followed it with " Home Again." The comrades 
highly appreciated having their former colonel, major and adju- 
tant and many line officers with them. At the hall. President 
Breck presented Colonel Codman who said, " That he had no 
speech to make. On this occasion when the memories of twenty- 
three years ago came upon him, he thought silence more expres- 
sive than speech. He had come down to see their faces once 
again and he thanked^'them for their expression of kind feeling. 
He trusted that it would be a long time before the last survivor 
of the Forty-Fifth would find it impossible to continue such re- 
unions as this." Major Sturgis, who was received with three 
cheers and a tiger, said, " It gave him great pleasure to welcome 
the comrades to Manchester, because it was his dwelling-place, 
and because it was here he had performed his earliest work for 
the regiment in getting together the full quota of the town. He 
thanked them for their kindness to him and welcomed them in 
behalf of the citizens of Manchester." 

Comrade Edward P. Jackson of Company D read a poem 
running in a happy vein and recounting his battles with the 
company cook, the vigilance of Stout McNamara, the sentry at 
New Berne with many other witty allusions which seemed to be 
understood by the comrades. 

The newly elected president. Sergeant Ephraim Stearns 
spoke briefly in acknowledging the honor and testified of his 
attachment to his comrades of the Forty-Fifth. 

The place where the reunion was held is one of the most 
beautiful spots that could have been selected, and the reunion 
in all respects was most enjoyable and successful. 




WILLIAM H. STACEY, yUARTKRMASTER 45rH REGIMENT M. V. M. ASSOCIATION 



MEETINGS AND RE-UNIONS 461 

1862 — TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIGHT AT KINSTON, 

N. C— 1887. 

The members of the Association dined together at Young's 
Hotel, Wednesday Evening, December 14, 1887. The company- 
assembled at the parlors of the hotel at five o'clock and an hour 
was passed there socially. A collection of portraits of prominent 
officers in the Eighteenth Army Corps, including those of Major- 
General Foster, Brigadier-General Wessels and others kindly 
loaned by the Forty-Fourth Regimental Association, hung upon 
the walls. The decorations of the dining hall were simple and 
appropriate. In the rear of the President's chair was a large 
national flag upon which was displayed portraits of Brevet 
Brigadier-General T. J. C. Amory, commander of the brigade in 
which the regiment served, and of Captains George Parkman 
Denny, and J. McKean Churchill. On the right of the large 
flag was the old blue color presented to the regiment upon its 
departure for the front, and on the left a white flag of the First 
Corps of Cadets, with its motto, ^'- Monsttat Plam," loaned for 
the occasion. The date above was the twenty-fifth anniversary 
of the Battle of Kinston, N. C, in which the regiment took part, 
and the menu for the evening bore upon the outside page an 
excellent picture of the fight at Kinston Bridge. The Divine 
Blessing on the occasion was invoked by Chaplain T. C. Evans. 

Colonel John Jeffries, Mr. Arthur B. Denny and Mr Josiah 
Gates were present as honorary members of the Association, and 
Charles E. Stearns, as honorary member of Company G. On 
the tables at which the different companies were seated easels 
were placed holding pictures of deceased and absent company 
officers. 

President William D. Brackett opened the after dinner 
exercises in a fitting manner and in closing introduced Colonel 
Charles R. Codman as the presiding ofiicer of the occasion. 
The Colonel was enthusiastically received and made a stirring 
speech, praising the officers and men of his regiment, and elo- 
quently eulogizing the personal character and soldierly ability of 
General Thomas J. C. Amory, its Brigade Commander. Colonel 



462 THE FOUTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Codman was followed with addresses, incidents and stories of 
army life by Senator-Elect George P. Ladd of Spencer, Mass., 
who was a Sergeant in Company E ; Alderman-Elect Homer 
Rogers, who served as Sergeant in Company E ; Adjutant Ger- 
shom C. Winsor, Major Erancis A. Dewson, Lieutenant Theodore 

C. Hurd of F, Captain N. Willis Bumstead of D, Dr. Erank 
Wells of E, and Dr. Edward Wigglesworth of B, who read a 
poem, "We Have Survived." A letter was read from Rev A. L. 
Stone, formerly of Park Street Church, chaplain of the regiment. 

During the evening Comrade Myron W. Whitney of I, the 
basso, with his son, William L., as accompanist, entertained the 
assemblage with two vocal selections, and the speaking was 
varied at intervals with war songs, a collection of which had 
been printed for use at the reunion and each comrade supplied 
with a copy. Comrade T. C. Evans acted as chorister, and the 
piano accompaniments were by Erank Lynes. 

Much merriment was aroused during the banquet by the 
arrival in the dining hall of a large package supposed to have 
come from Kinston, N. C, which when opened contained a supply 
of long-stemmed Powhatan pipes and smoking tobacco. The 
joke appeared to be well understood by the comrades in connec- 
tion with the large supply of smoking tobacco foraged at Kins- 
ton on the night of the battle. 

The Twentieth Massachusetts assembled at Turn Hall, sent 
a congratulatory message to the Eorty-Eifth. 

Present, Eield and Staff, 7 ; Company A, 21 ; B, 18 ; C, 6 ; 

D, 19 ; E, 21 ; E, 22 ; G, 14 ; H, 7 ; I, 7 ; K, 11 ; Honorary, 4. 
Total, 1.57. 



At the Reunion held at the Atlantic House, Nantasket 
Beach, June 26, 1891, seventy-seven comrades were present. 
The organization known as " The Sons and daughters of the 
Eorty-Eifth " was formed at this meeting. Greetings were ex- 
changed with the Eifth Regiment which held its Reunion at 
Salem Willows as follows : 

" The Eorty-Eifth Massachusetts at Nantasket Beach send 



MEETINGS AND RE-UNIONS 463 

greeting to the Fifth Massachusetts at Salem. Not so near 
together today as when at Kinston, but yet shoulder to shoulder 
in comradeship. May your ' Clams ' be as ripe today at the 
' Willows,' as the ' persimmons ' were on the road to Goldsboro." 

Response : 

" The Fifth Massachusetts Veteran Association from the 
home of our lamented Colonel George H. Pierson, send hearty 
greetings to our late comrades-in-arms, the Forty-Fifth Massa- 
chusetts. As in ' 62 ' and ' 63 ' we congratulated you across the 
river Trent, so today we send our cheers of loyalty across the 
blue waters of Massachusetts Bay, from Salem to Nantasket. 
The memories we revive today of Kinston, Whitehall and Golds- 
boro bind us all anew in the spirit of friendship, charity and 
loyalty." 

Reunions of the Regiment were held at the Atlantic House, 
Nantasket, in the years 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1899, 
1900, 1901, 1907 and 1908. 

At Onset Bay, September 7, 1896. 

At Cottage Park, Winthrop, September 7, 1898. 

At Hough's Neck, Quincy, June 26, 1902. 

At Baker's Island, Salem Harbor, September, 1903. At this 
reunion Comrade Silas W. Lang of Company A introduced a 
motion that the Association solicit contributions for a portrait 
of our late Color-Sergeant, Theodore Parkman, for the Military 
Memorial Hall in the Cadet Armory, which was carried and a 
committee was appointed to receive such contributions. While 
on the piazza of the hotel and just before leaving for the boat, 
the following original poem was recited by Comrade Albert W. 
Mann, of Company A: 

Always a warm spot in my heart for this gallant little band, 
For there's Fraternity and Charity in the grasp of every hand". 
And in rebellion's stormy days whene'er we had a fight. 
Was proved your loyalty to country and our starry banner bright. 

So we call it not a duty, which brings us here today, 
From Boston, Lynn and Swampscott, and places far away, 
But one of those rare pleasures to meet comrades, tried and true. 
For we know that they were " at the front " when they wore the araiy 
blue. 



464 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

There are many noble Orders, with rites and rituals grand, 

That benefit humanity and lend a heljiing hand, 

But dearer to our soldier hearts, a reality, not a myth. 

Is our unique " Association of the Massachusetts Forty Fifth. 

What precious memories are ours, some tender, sad, and gay, 
AVhen at our country's stirring call, we 'listed for the fray! 
The life in camp, the march, the fight, the dreadful prison pen. 
Oft rise from out the shadowy past, and seem a'^ real as then ! 

Ours was a noble regiment, with Codman, brave and true, 

A better Colonel ne'er drew sword, nor led at a review. 

With Peabody and Sturgis and Winsor ou the staff. 

What wonder that the " Johnnies " fled before us, like the chaff ! 

Well, those glorious days are over, and now the Nation stands. 
In Wealth, in Freedom and in Power, the envy of all lands. 
We've lived to see the seed we sowed, in hardships, blood and tears, 
Bear glorious fruitage for all men, in these succeeding years. 



At the Reunion held at Baker's Island, September 1, 1904, it 
was reported that contributions had been received towards pro- 
viding a portrait of Color Sergeant Theodore Parkman as voted 
at the last Reunion. 

Boston, April 12, 1905. 
Thomas F. Edmands, Lieut. Colonel Commanding First Corps of Cadets, 

Boston. 
Colonel — 

A long intended purpose of the surviving members of the Cadets' 
(Civil War) Forty-Fifth Massachusetts Regiment having recently been 
carried into effect, through the completion of a faithful portrait of 
Theodore Parkman, color-sergeant of the Forty-Fifth Regiment, who, 
carrying the National Color, was killed in battle at White Hall, N. C, 
December 16, 1862, that his memory may be more lastingly perpetuated, 
these comrades have considered that the armory of the First Corps of 
Cadets would be the most appropriate and the securest repository for 
bis likeness. 

Should the Corps in its view concur with the opinions and expressed 
wishes of the comrades of Sergeant Parkman, his portrait is herewith 
respectfully tendered for acceptance. 

Referring to the past, in connection with the desire to transfer the 
portrait to the Cadef Corps for a place in its armory, where it can be 
viewed in lasting memory, and where it will convey its lesson of patri- 
otism, such transfer will be individually and collectively gratifying to 



MEETINGS AND EE-UNIONS 465 

the past members of the Forty-Fifth now living who still remember the 
debt ever due to the war time Cadet Corps for its inception and the for- 
mation of the War Kegiment ; for its liberal contributions toward equip- 
ment; for support in the field in word and deed, and for furnishing 
regimental otiicers thoroughly grounded in the school of the soldier, 
these superior officers being supplemented by many men in the ranks 
who had also served in the First Corps. 

Augustus S. Lovett, 
President Association Massachusetts Forty-Fifth lieyiment. 
John D. Whitcomb, Secretary. 



Boston, April 12, 1905. 
Augustus S. Lovett, Esq., President of the Association of the Forty- 
Fifth Massachusetts Begiment. 
Ueau Sir — 

I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your interesting com- 
munication of today, alluding to the portrait of Sergeant Theodore 
Parkraan of the Forty-Fifth Kegiment. The portrait has been placed in 
the drill hall of the Cadet Armory, within a few feet of the blue flag 
which was carried by that regiment; although, as I understand, Ser- 
geant Parkman's duty was to carry the National color, rather than the 
regimental color. 

I looked the armory building over very carefully before deciding 
that the best place for Sergeant Parkman's portrait would be where it is 
now, in the immediate vicinity of the flag, only a few feet from it. 
Unless your Association has some other j^lace in the building where it 
would like the portrait to be placed, it will remain where it now is; 
and I can assure you that it will always be one of the most precious 
possessions in custody of the Corps. 

It may be interesting for you to know that, in the drill hall, not far 
from the flag a.nd the portrait, hangs the old bass drum of the Regiment, 
whi e in the foyer, beyond the gallery on the second story, is the cornet 
used by the bandmaster of the Forty-Fifth Regiment. None of these 
relics are needed in any way to freshen the memory of the Forty-Fifth 
Regiment, but it is well that the flag, portrait, drum and bugle should 
be together, where I hope they will remain undisturbed for many long 
years. Respectfully yours, 

Thomas F. Edmands, 
Commanding First Corps of Cadets. 



At the Reunion held at the Revere House November 15, 
1905, the Association had as a guest, the well-known Boston 
artist, Darius Cobb, who had recently painted the portrait of 



466 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Theodore Parkman, our color bearer, who was killed in the 
Battle of Whitehall. Mr. Cobb, who served with his twin 
brother, Cyrus, in the Forty-Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, 
made a stirring address and also recited an original poem. An 
allusion made by one of the speakers to Daniel Webster and 
the great lessons of patriotism inculcated by his teachings, and 
the mention, incidentally, that the Revere House was his home 
when in Boston, caused a wave of reverence in the assembly, 
and his memory was pledged by the comrades rising. 



June 28, 1906, the Reunion was held at the Rock Mere Inn, 
at Marblehead. It was voted that the Secretary be instructed 
to have made and presented to Theodore Parkman Post G. A. R. 
of Centreville, Mass., a copy of the Cobb Portrait of Sergeant 
Parkman, the expense of the copy of the portrait and framing 
•the same to be paid out of the funds of the Association. 



The cut of the Eighteenth Army Corps Badge which 
appears on the cover of this book, and of the Eighteenth Army 
Corps Pennant in Adjutant Winsor's article, "As I Saw It," 
were from drawings made by Mrs. Carlotta Stuart, the daughter 
of Comrade Edward F. Reed of Company I, for which the His- 
torian makes grateful acknowledgments. 

Mrs. Stuart has also drawn and will have printed in colors 
the State and United States Flag and Blue Banner, with the 
names and dates of the battles on the Stars and Stripes. These 
will be printed on sheets the same size as the pages of this book, 
enabling anyone to attach them to this book if desired, and 
copies may be had upon application to Comrade Reed or the 
Historian. 

The First Band to have the title of "Cadet Band " was the 
band of the Forty-Fifth Regiment, M. V. M. 

After the return of the Regiment and the muster-out of the 
members of the band, Baldwin took the title "Cadet Band" to 
which there was no objection. 




C]^t iBanD ant) git-s l3acfi ?^oor ^5eig]^borjs 

BY JOHN D. WHITCOMB. 

[Leaves from a paper read March 26, 1889, at an evening Reunion 
held at Young's Hotel, Boston.] 

URSUANT to orders the Forty-Fifth, on the morn- 
ing of January 26, 1863, marched from Camp Amory 
into New Berne, N. C, assigned to Provost Duty in 
that town, relieving therefrom the Seventeenth 
Massachusetts Regiment. The column passed directly to the 
Parade on Broad Street, where the companies and band were dis- 
missed to go to quarters. The band was assigned two houses on 
East Front Street, near the corner of Pollock Street. The houses 
faced the Neuse River, and the views from the front windows 
looking out upon the water were very pleasant — the views from 
the rear windows were not particularly inviting to the beholder 
in any sense. 

According to custom at the South, the houses formerly 
occupied by the native white population, but which were now 
being used for soldiers' quarters, had detached one-story build- 
ings on the grounds in the rear, which were devoted to servants' 
quarters and cooking purposes. On the' premises where the 
band was quartered these buildings had been taken possession of 
by three distinct colored families. The husbands were George 
and Isaac and Dan'l, and their wives were Harriet and Kizzy 
and Mar'ty. Being slaves formerly, and now having dropped 
the patronymics of their former masters, they had no surnames 

and nothing left to be called by except their first names. Sally, 

a spinster, was content to occupy the smokehouse, an eight by 
ten shanty, smaller and much more unpretentious than the sheds 
occupied by the married couples. 

The domestic life of these people had a constant interest to 
the observers of it, from its novelty and dissimilarity to anything 
like it ever before seen. They were happy, according to their 

467 



468 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

own statement because they were free ; but they were always 
decorous in the enjoyment of their changed position. The men 
** toted "for whomsoever would employ them, and the women 
washed clothes for the soldiers. All of these families, including 
the spinster, with one exception, bore the map of Africa in its 
blackest imprint upon their faces. The one exception was Kizzy. 
Her complexion was of light ginger-cake shade, and her hair was 
long and silky, indicating a mixture of races. Kizzy was a 
beauty; with lithe and graceful figure and with reserved and 
modest manner. Had not the condition of slave children fol- 
lowed that of the mother the shapely arm that Kizzy daily dis- 
played in the back yard, dipped to the elbow in the suds of the 
washtub, might possibly have been seen at some time in a drawing 
room undraped to the shoulder, to the manifest advantage of its 
owner as the possessor of positive charms of personal symmetry. 
It has been stated in print that " the prettiest model in New 
York of late years has been a colored girl of superb figure." To 
outward appearance, and from the absence in her simple one- 
breadth costume of the modern adjuncts of fashion, Kizzy, a 
quarter of a century and more ago, had all the qualifications for 
a similar position. There was one personal indulgence, however, 
which was something of a detraction from the complete indorse- 
ment of Kizzy as a person without any bad habits, she was a 
"snuff-rubber," but in this she only copied the same vice many 
of her Southern white sisters had. 

These people of the servants' quarters were joyful in their 
freedom, but they had also the common lot of sorrow. A young 
child of one of the families living in the cookhouses died. In the 
evening many colored neighbors came and quietly took places in 
the room where the child lay dead. Apparently when all had 
arrived who w^ere expected, without any word being spoken, a 
weird, wailing chant was begun by a single voice. This was 
taken up by all the voices after the first line was sung and 
repeated in chorus many times. A brief silence followed each 
chant and then another wailing began, sometimes led by a 
woman and sometimes by a man, and was joined in by all present. 
F'ew of the chants had any special coherence in words, but one 
of them that was intelligible ran in this wise ; 



THE BAND AND ITS BACK DOOR NEIGHBORS 469 

Ef yer wanter see der Lawd, 
Yer mus' git outen der wil'erness, 
An' dyin' belieb on der Lam. 
De Lam dat er die on er Calbere. 

The mourning lasted all night, and the chanting kept on, 
but without any frenzy. All was orderly, and no one was seen 
speaking to another at any time. In the early morning the child 
in its coffin was quietly taken away for burial by some of the 
colored men without any further funeral ceremony. 

Near the time for the departure of the regiment from New 
Berne, its tour of duty having ended, a colored orchestra of the 
town assembled at night in front of the band quarters and gave 
a serenade. The instruments used were principally stringed, and 
they were played with great unction and impetuosity, especial 
prominence being given to the parts of the larger instruments 
such as the contra bass and 'cello. The tunes played were un- 
familiar, and were doubtless largely original with the performers. 
In answer to an inquiry the leader of the orchestra gave the 
name of one of the tunes as "Run Nigger Run." The name 
seemed appropriate in an inclusive sense, as there was an ample 
amount of rhythm, swing and fast time to all of the selections 
played, yet the melody, though quaint, and probably played by 
ear. was good. 



Booster 



fielD and ^taff 

CHARLES R. CODMAN, Colonel. Lawyer, age 33, married, 

Boston; com. October 8, 1862; m. t. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. See F. & S., Boston Cadets. 
OLIVER W. PEABODY, Lieutenant Colonel. Captain Co. H., 

merchant, age 28, married, Boston; com. Captain Sept. 

16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; promoted Lieutenant 

Colonel Oct. 8, 1862; m. t. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 

1863. Died at Milton, Mass., Oct. 23, 1896. 
RUSSELL STURGIS, JR., Major. Merchant, age 31, 

married, Boston. Captain Co. A., com. Aug. 28, 1862; 

m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; promoted Major Oct. 8, 1862; m. i. 

Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died at Portsmouth, 

N. H., Oct. 14, 1899. 

GERSHOM C. WINSOR, Adjutant. Clerk, age 22, single, 

Brookline; com. Oct. 13, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. See Boston Cadets. 
FRANCIS A. DEWSON, Quartermaster. Accountant, age 

34, married, Newton; com. Oct. 43, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died at Newtonville, Mass., 

June 13, 1901. 
SAMUEL KNEELAND, Surgeon. Physician, age 41, single, 

Boston; com. Oct. 20, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. See y. S. Army, March 1, 1862 and Sept. 

2, 1863. Died September 27,^1888. 
JOSHUA B. TREADWELL, Assistant Surgeon. Physician, 

age 22, Boston; com. Oct. 20, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; . 

m. o. July 7, 1863. vSee F. & S., 5 Reg., 100 days; F. & S., 

62 Regt., 1 year; F. & S., 54 Reg. Died May 5, 1885. 
DANIEL McLEAN, Assistant Surgeon. Boston; com. March 

25, 1863; m. i. March 26, 1863; m. o. July 7, 1863. See 

Navy. Dead, date unknown. 
ANDREW L. STONE, Chaplain. Minister, age 46, married, 

Boston; com. Oct. 13, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died in San Francisco, Cal., Jan. 16, 1892. 

470 



ROSTER 471 

HENRY G. WHEELOCK, Sergeant Major. Private' Co. H., 
farmer, age 27, married, Walpole, N. H.; en. Sept. 16, 
1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; promoted Sergeant Major 
Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

CHARLES T. RICHARDSON, Commissary Sergeant. Mer- 
chant, age 22, single, Boston; private Co. H., en. Sept. 
16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; appointed Commissary 
Sergeant Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Nov. 18 
1893. 

ARTHUR REED, Quartermaster Sergeant. Clerk, age 21, 
single. Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. vSept. 26, 1862; 
appointed Quartermaster Sergeant Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

EDWARD WIGGLESWORTH, JR., Hospital Steward. Stu- 
dent, age 21, single, Boston; en. Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 
28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died January 23, 1896. 



Company ^ 

GEORGE P. DENNY, Captain. Merchant, age 36, married, 
Boston; com. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863; First Lieutenant Aug. 28, 1862; promoted 
Captain Oct. 14, 1862. See Boston Cadets. Died Jan. 
23, 1885. 

GEORGE E. POND, First Lieutenant. Lawyer, age 25, 
single, Boston; com. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 186-3; Second Lieutenant Aug. 28, 1862. Pro- 
moted First Lieutenant Oct. 14, 1862. See Boston 
Cadets. Died in New York, Sept. 22, 1899. 

EDWARD B. RICHARDSON, Second Lieutenant. Banker, 
age 24, single, Brookline; com. Oct. 14, 1862 Sergeant 
Co. E., en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Promoted 
Second Lieutenant from Sergeant Co. E., Oct. 14, 1862; 
ni. 0. July 7, 1863. Resides in Brookline, Mass. 

CHARLES W. BARSTOW, First Sergeant. Clerk, age 25, 
single, Boston; en. vSept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Resides in St. Louis, Mo. 

GEORGE h' WATSON, Sergeant. Clerk, age 19, married, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

Wn.LIAM R. BUTLER, Sergeant. Clerk, age 27, single. 
Cambridgeport; en. Sept. 15, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died January 26, 1867. 

WILLIAM E. WHEATON, Sergeant. Cabinet Maker, age 
40, married, Manchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 
26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in Manchester, Mass., 
Dec. 26, 1893. 

GEORGE F. WOODMAN, Sergeant (promoted). Merchant, 
age 36, married, West Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. 
Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged Jan. 15, 1863 for promotion. 
See Second Lieutenant 1st N. C. Vols. Died Nov. 2, 1884. 

CHARLES B. SUMNER, Serjeant. Student, age 25, single, 
Southbridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal Sergeant Jan. 16, 1863. 

LUTHER F. ALLEN, Corporal. Carder, age 30, married, 
Manchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. 
0. July 7, 1863. Wounded in right shoulder Battle White- 
hall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. Died in Manchester, Mass., 
July 11, 1901. 



ROSTER 473 

AUGUSTUS S. LOVETT, Corporal. Clerk, age 20, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. Resides in Brookline, Mass. 
CHARLES EUSTIS HUBBARD, Corporal. Student, age 20, 

single, Boston; en. Sept, 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
ERROL GRANT, Corporal. Carver, age 42, married, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died December 24, 1897. 
HENRY K. PORTER, Corporal. Student, age 21, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Enlisted as a private, promoted to Corporal. 

Resigned warrant Feb. 1, 1863, being detailed Provost 

Marshal's office. Resides in Pittsburg, Pa. 
ALBERT A. CHITTENDEN, Corporal. Clerk, age 20, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. On the Color Guard. See H. 6 Regt. 

100 days. Resides in Dorchester. 
WILLIAM F. SHAW, Corporal. Clerk, age 24, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Nov. 15, 1871. 
WILLIAM B. ST ACE Y, Corporal. Undertaker, age 28, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Private. Corporal Jan. 15, 1863. 

Resides Boston, Mass. 
HENRY E. MERRIAM, Corporal. Salesman, age 24, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. Private. Corporal Feb. 1, 1863. Resides in 

Gardiner, Me. 
ALLEN, SAMUEL L. Farmer, age 18, .single, Manchester; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
ANDREWS, NATHANIEL Teamster, age 36, married, 

Manchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. 

0. July 7, 1863. Died April 12, 1904. 
ATKINSON, WILLIAM B. Clerk, age 20, single, Newbury- 

port; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. Died in Newburyport, Mass., Sept. 26, 1895. 
BATES, CALEB L. Clerk, age 18, single, Cohasset; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died Oct. 15, 1864. 
BATES, CYRUS H. Clerk, age 18, single, Cohasset; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged June 

18, 1863. Disability. (See letter Captain Denny.) Re- 
sides in Cohasset, Mass. 



474 THE FOBTT-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

BECKET, WILLIAM H. Salesman, age 24, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died in New York, Nov. 26, 1887. 
BENNETT, CHARLES H. Clerk, age 20, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Resides in Newton, Mass. 
BERRY, WILLIAM H. Farmer, age 22, single, Essex; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
BINGHAM, JOSEPH H. Cabinet Maker, age 39, married, 

Manchester; en. Sept 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died July 2, 1900! 
BLISS, HENRY S. Clerk, age 20, single, Roxbury; en 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. t. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
BROOKS, CHARLES H. Clerk, age 26, single, Boston; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died Jan. 6, 1905. 
BROOKS, GEORGE Chemist, age 23, single, Boston; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died February 10, 

1863, congestive fever at Stanley Hospital, Newbern, N. 

C. (See M. 0. R.) 
BOURNE, ELIAS W. Machinist, age 18, single, Cohasset; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
BOUTELL, LOUIS H. Lawyer, age 36, married, West- 
borough; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 6, 1899. 
BUSS, EDMUND W. Salesman, age 22, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26. 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died Jan. 17, 1903. 
COLMAN, MOSES J. Clerk, age 20, single, Roxbury; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died Aug. 12, 1905. 
DAVENPORT, EDMUND P. Painter, age 45, single, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. t. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. Julv 

7, 1863. Died February, 1878. 
DEAN, FRANKLIN H. Carriage Maker, age 21, single, 

Southbridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Resides in Hyde Park, Mass. 
EDGETT, REUBEN Carpenter, age 28, single, Boston; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. Julv 7, 1863. 

Died April 20, 1904. 
EDMANDS, JOHN B. Clerk, age 31, single, Boston: e^t. 

Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. Julv 7. 1863 

Died Sept. 26, 1906. 



ROSTER 475 

ESTABROOK, GEORGE W. Student, age 22, single, E. 

Needham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
FIELD, FRANK A. Clerk, age 25, single, Boston; en. Sept. 

15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died 
Aug. 3, 1906. 

FITCH, CALVIN W. Farmer, age 19, single, Hopkinton; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Resides in St. Louis, Mo. 

FOWLE, JOHN W. Mtisician. Butcher, age 24, single, 
Braintree; en. Oct. 13, 1862; m. i. Oct. 13, 1862. Absent, 
sick in Brighton when regiment was mustered out and 
died July 8, 1863, at Brighton, Mass. (See letter Capt. 
Denny.) 

FOX, GEORGE E. Mason, age 19, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died Jan. 10, 1863, 
malaria fever at Foster General Hospital, Newbern, N. C. 
(See M. O. R.) 

FREELAND, JOSEPH V. Musician. Clerk, age 17, single, 
Melrose; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged June 18, 1863. Disability. (See letter Capt. 
Denny.) Died May 10, 1872. 

FURGUSON, RUFUS P. Cabinet Maker, age 25, married, 
Manchester; en Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 19, 1904. 

FURGUSON, STEPHEN A. Cabinet Maker, age 26, married, 
Manchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Absent, sick in Manchester when regiment was mustered 
out and died July 17, 1863, at Manchester, Mass. (See 
letter Capt. Denny.) 

OILMAN, GARDNER Farmer, age 32, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Resides in Exeter, N. H. 

GOLDSMITH, CHARLES P. Carver, age 26, married, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged June 18, 1863. Disability. (See letter Capt. 
Denny.) See C. 1st Batt. Hy. Art. 

GRAVES, ELBRIDGE Salesman, age 24, single, NcAvbury- 
port; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died Dec. 

16, 1862, at Kinston, N. C, from wounds received Battle 
Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) 

GRIFFIN, CHARLES A. Salesman, age 23, single. Win 
Chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 11, 1897. 



476 THE FOllTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

GROSS, CHARLES A. Expressman, age 30, single, Cohasset; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Died Oct. 19, 1904. 

HALE, ABRAHAM G. R. Schoolmaster, age 28, single. 
Stow, en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 
June 18, 1863. Disability. (See letter Capt. Denny.) 
Died Dec. 6. 1905. 

HALE, E. THOMAS Student, age 20, single, Newburyport; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Died Sept. 7, 1868. 

HARDY, MILO T. Farmer, age 21, single, Manchester; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

HASKELL, FRANCIS P. Merchant, age 27, single, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. See E. 8th Regiment, 3 months. Died in 
Gloucester, Mass., Dec. 30, 1907. 

HASTY, ROBERT B. Clerk, age 15, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
See Band Corps D'Afrique, 1st Brig. Died May 1905. 

HOLMES, HORACE Salesman, age 22, single, Plymouth; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 
April 21, 1863, on account of wounds received at Battle 
Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) Died in 
Plymouth, Mass., Aug. 19, 1864. 

HOWARD, CHARLES A. Farmer, age 22, Southbridge; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862: m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

HOWARD, RODOLPHUS K. Machinist, age 32, single, 
Springfield; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died March 7, 1883. 

JONES, LEVI D. Salesman, age 23, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. -15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Died in Cambridge, Mass, May 5, 1893. 

KINSLEY, THOMAvS Salesman, age 19, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

LANG, SILAS W. Collector, age 21, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

LEONARD, CHARLES H. Student, age 20, single. South- 
bridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged June 18, 1863. DisabiHty. (See letter Captain 
Denny.) Resides in Providence, R. I. 

LINCOLN, RICHARD H. Stair Builder, age 21, single, 
Cohasset; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged June 18, 1863. Disability. (See letter Captain 
Denny.) Resides in Hyde Park, Mass. 



ROSTEB All 

LINCOLN, STEPHEN Student, age 18, single, Cohasset ; 
en Sept. 15, 1862; m. 7. Sept. 26, 1862. Died June 30, 
1863, typhoid fever at Cohasset, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

LORD, JEREMIAH R. Lawyer, age 39, married, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 11, 1895. 

LUNT, EDMUND S. Clerk, age 20, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Died Sept. 21, 1898. 

MANN, ALBERT W. Private. Bank Clerk, age 21, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Re-enlisted April, 1864, 1st Unattached 
Company M. V. M. for 100 days. Resides in Weymouth, 
Mass. 

MASON, JAMES H. Farmer, age 20, single, Southbridge ; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged Nov. 
29, 1862. Disability at Boston. (See M. O. R.) 

MORGAN, JOSEPH A. Shoemaker, age 20, single, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 
July 3, 1863, typhoid fever at Manchester, Mass. (See 
M. O. R.) 

MORSE, EDWIN T. Farmer, age 22, single, Southbridge; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Resides in Worcester, Mass. 

MORSE, JOHN R. Schoolmaster, age 28, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Resides. 

NORTON, HENRY D. Porter, age 23, single, Cambridge; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 
June 6, 1863 from Stanley General Hospital, Newbern, 
N. C. (See M. O. R.) 

PARKER, GEORGE B. Provision Dealer, age 18, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Slightly 
wounded in thigh at Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 
See I. 56 Regt. ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Sept. 28, 1864. 

PERT, DANIEL L. Chair Maker, age 23, married, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

PERT, FRANCIS B. Cabinet Maker, age 28, married, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

PERT, WILLIAM J. Cabinet Maker, age 30, married, Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded in right ear at Battle 
Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 



478 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, 31. V. M. 

PLIMPTON, WILLIAM P. Farmer, age 21, single. South- 
bridge (credit to Bounty paid by Sturbridge) ; en. Sept. 
15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1868. See A. 
5 Regt. 100 days. B. 39 Regt. Resides in South- 
bridge, Mass. 

POLAND, WILLIAM Student, age 18, single, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Wounded in right shoulder at Battle Whitehall, N. C, 
Dec. 16, 1862. Resides in Livermore, Colo. 

PRATT, WILLIAM H. Painter, age 20, single, Cohasset; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Died March 4, 1896, 

PUTNAM. FRANK L. Clerk, age 18, single, Newton; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Re- 
sides in Minneapolis, Minn. 

RICHARDS, WILLIAM A. Clerk, age 30, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

RICHARDSON, SWARTZ School-master, age 27, single, 
Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 1, 1872. 

SARGENT, OSCAR W. Ship Carpenter, age 28, single, 
Ouincv; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
]n\y 7, 1863. Died Oct. 9, 1876. 

SCUDDER, HENRY B. Student, age 18, single. Brook- 
line; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; discharged 
June 13, 1863, by order Major General Foster for civil 
appointment. (See M. O. R.). Slightly wounded in 
back of head. Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 

SHAPLEIGH, FRANK H. Artist, age 20, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Died May 30, 1906. 

SHAPLEIGH, SAMUEL B. Student, age 18, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. July 7, 1863. 
Resides in 

SHAPLEIGH, THOMAS W. Photographer, age 21, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863 

SHAW, ROLAND C. Age 27, Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; 
m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; discharged Oct. 11, 1862, disability, 
by Colonel Day at Boston. (See M. O. R.) 

SMITH, RUFUS W. Clerk, age 19, single, Newburyport; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; ni.o. July 7, 1863. 
Died Feb. 5, 1873. 



R OS TEE 



479 



STANLEY, JEFFREY T. Cabinet Maker, "age 36, married 
Manchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o 
July 7, 1863. Resides in Manchester, Mass 
THOMPSON, HENRY R. Clerk, age 19, single, Walthanr 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; honorably dis- 
chargd July 7, 1863; L. W. Department Feb. 12, 1907. 
Resides in Arlington, Mass. 
TIFFANY, EDWIN E. Clerk, age 18, single, Southbridge- 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; discharged Oct'. 
11, 1862, disability, by Colonel Day at Boston (See 
M. 0. R.). 
TOWER, GEORGE W. Clerk, age 22, single, Boston- en 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. Julv 7 1863 
Died Jan. 20, 1872. •> j ^ 

VINAL, CHARLES A. Farmer, age 19, single, Cohassef 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. lulv 7 1863* 
WATSON, JOHN H. Cabinet Maker, age 41, married,' Man- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26 1862- m o 
July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 22, 1873. 
WHEELER, ISAAC G. Carpenter, age 23, single, Westford- 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. Tuly 7 1863- 
WHITNEY, L. HENRY Salesman, age 22, single, Waitham' 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Resides in Cambridge, Mass. 
WILDES. ISRAEL D. Sexton, age 31, married, Boston- en 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, l'863. 
Died in Weymouth, Mass. March 24 1901 
WILLCUTT, LYMAN D. Mason, age 20, single, Cohasset- 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863' 
Died in Cohasset, Mass., Oct. 20 1907 
WILMONTON, GEORGE Cabinet Maker, age 46, single, 
Manchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died in Manchester, Mass., March I5' 1906 
WINSLOW, HENRY T. Paymaster, L. R. R., age 21, single,' 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 
July 1, 1863 of typhoid fever at East Cambridge, Mass, 
(See M. O. R.) 



Company 13 

JOSEPH M. CHURCHILL, Captain. Lawyer, age 41, mar- 
ried, Milton; com. Aug. 30, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in Milton, March 23, 1886. (See 
Boston Cadets.) 

WILLIAM S. BOND, First Lieutenant. Clerk, age 24, single. 
West Roxbury; com. Aug. 30, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died March 
18, 1899. 

ABIJAH HOLLIS, Second Lieutenant. Lawyer, age 24, 
single, Milton; com. Aug. 30, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) 

HENRY M. BOND, First Sergeant. PubHsher, age 26, single, 
W^est Roxbury; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. a. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Killed in 
service, Lieutenant, 20 Mass. 

WILLIAM S. LEAVITT, Sergeant. Blacksmith, age 43, 
married, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
ni. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed as Regiment Armorer. 
Died May 5, 1903. 

CHARLES E. C. BRECK, Sergeant. Farmer, age 27, mar- 
ried, Milton ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Sergeant Jan. 9, 1863. Died Jan. 29, 1899. 

CHARLES A. SEAVEY, Sergeant. Carpenter, age 24, single, 
Boston ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Sergeant Feb. 9, 1863. Died Feb. 1902. 

GEORGE E. TUCKER, Sergeant. Farmer, age 21, single, 
Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Sergeant Feb. 26, 1863. Died in 1877. 

FREDERICK DEXTER, Sergeant. Merchant, age 21, single, 
Brookline; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; dis- 
charged Jan. 7, 1863; disability at Newbern, N. C. (See 
M. O. R.) Died March 6, 1895. 

JAMES GILCHRIST, Corporal. Clerk, age 24, single, Bos- 
ton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. Died March 29, 1894. 

THOMAS WILLIAMS, Corporal. Carpenter, age 20, single, 
Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died March 7, 1903. 

GEORGE E. SKINNER, Corporal. Butcher, age 20, single, 
Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 



ROSTER 481 

RICHARD M. SPILLER, Corporal. Farmer, age 28, mar- 
ried, Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
slightly wounded Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 
Absent, sick when Regiment was mustered out. Died 
July 10, 1863 in hospital, Boston, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

REUBEN J. RYDER, Corporal. Teamster, age 36, single, 
Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Corporal Feb. 24, 1863. 

JOSEPH A. SHAW, Corporal. Farmer, age 28, single, Mil- 
ton ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Corporal 
Feb. 24, 1863 ; absent, sick in Hammond hospital, Beau- 
fort, N. C, not mustered out with Reoiment. Died Sept. 
1, 1907. 

FREDERICK H. FREEMAN, Corporal. Student, age 19, 
single, Troy, N. Y. ; en. Oct. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 17, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal Feb. 22, 1863. 

ELIJAH W. MOFFATT, Corporal. Ship Joiner, age 34 
maried, Milton ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died March 28, 1906. 

GEORGE W. HALL, Musician. Drummer, age 14, single, 
Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See K 22 Regiment.) K 42 Regiment 
100 days. 

WILLIAM F. BOWDEN, Musician. Teamster, age 22, 
single, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

ALDEN, SAMUEL W. Private. Farmer, age 20, single, 
Milton ;^w. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

BADGER, WILLIAM A. Private. Stair Builder, age 29, 
married, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Killed by fall of wall, Aug. 11, 1897. 

BANCROFT, GEORGE D. Private. Clerk, age 19. single, 
Lynn; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; yn. o. July 
7, 1863. Detailed in Signal Corps Newbern, N. C, Dec. 
4, 1862. 

BARNES, DANIEL Private. Engineer, age 25, single. Need- 
ham; en. Oct. 11, '1862; m. i. Oct. 11, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. 

BARTLETT, BENJAMIN J. Private. Carpenter, age 28, 
married, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Wounded in face. Battle Kinston, 
N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See I 4th Heavy Artillery.) 



482 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

BISBEE, BENJAMIN Private. Boat Maker, age 30, mar- 
ried, Stoughton ; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 28, 1904. 
BISBEE, JAMES O. Private. Farmer, age 32, single, 

Stoughton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
BOLSTER, CHARLES E. Private. Teamster, age 18, single, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See E 26th Regiment.) Died March 4, 

1904. 
BOWMAN, WILLIAM H. Private. Cabinet Maker, age 21, 

single, Dorchester;^;?. Sept. 12, 1862 ;m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
BRIGHAM, WILLIAM F. Private. Carpenter, age 34, mar- 
ried, Milton ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; w. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed Pioneer Corps Dec. 8, 1862. Dead. 
BRONSDON, WILLIAM B. Private. Carpenter, age 40, 

single, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. a. July 7, 1863. 
BURT, JOHN E. Private. Cabinet Maker, age 31, married, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died May 12, 1900. 
CAMPBELL, WILLIAM A. Private. Mason, age 35, married, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed as Mason Nov. 28, 1862 to Jan. 

28, 1863. 
CARTER, RUFUS B. Private. Painter, age 44, married. 

Needham; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o, 

July 7, 1863. Corpl. resigned March 4, 1863; wounded 

in leg. Battle Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862; ruptured 

in expedition to Dover Cross Roads April 27, 1863. (See 

M. O. R.) 
CARR, JACOB J. Private. Cabinet Maker, age 21, single, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
CASWELL, HENRY P. Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i.'Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See C 62 Regiment, 1 year.) 
CONKLIN, EDWARD Private. Teamster, age 27, married, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed as Teamster Nov. 30, 1862 to 

Jan. 17, 1863. Died Oct. 19, 1894. 



ROSTEB 483 

COULTER, GEORGE Private. Carpenter, age 34, married, 
Needham; c;?. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Rup- 
tured in Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See 
M. O. R.) Absent, sick at Gr. Centerville, Mass. when Regi- 
ment was mustered out. Mustered out with Company. 
(See L. W. Department Sept. 24, 1900.) Died July 26, 
1901. 

CUNNINGHAM, PETER Private. Hostler, age 20, single, 
Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 
July 7, 1863. 

CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM Private. Farmer, age 24, single, 
Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 
July 7, 1863. Died July, 1892. 

CROWLEY, DENNIS Private. Age 31, Needham ; en. Sept. 
12, 1862; m. f.' Sept. 26, 1862; discharged Nov. 4, 1862. 
Disability by Colonel Day at Readville, Mass. (See M. 
O. R.) 

DAVENPORT. NATHANIEL T., Jr. Private. Farmer, age 
24, married, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. a. July 7, 1863. 

DUNICAN, PATRICK Private. Age 21, Milton; en. 
Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; discharged Oct. 7, 
1862. Disability by Colonel Day, Readville, Mass. (See 
M. O. R. See G. 32 Regiment.) 

DELANNAY, DESIRE Private. Age 36, Milton ; en. Sept. 
30, 1862; m. i. Sept. 30, 1862; deserted Sept. 30, 1862 
from Camp Meigs, Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

EARLEY, MICHAEL Private. Stone Cutter, age 34, married, 
Ouincy; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died May 23, 1892. 

EMERSON, JOHN H. Private. Stone Cutter, age 22, single, 
Milton; en. Oct. 11, 1862; m. i. Oct. 11, 1862; m. a. July 
7, 1863. (See H. 56 Regiment.) 

EVANS, EDWIN G. Private. Carpenter, age 31, married, 
Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 
July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 19, 1894. 

EWELL, JACOB A. Private. Carpenter, age 44, married, 
Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Detailed as Pioneer, sent to Stanley Hospital, March 24, 
1863 owing to severe accident by blow with axe in dis- 
charge of duty. Discharged May 30, 1863. Disability by 
Major General Foster. (See M. O. R.) Died Jan 2, 1894. 



484 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

FARNUM, MANLEY H. Private. Machinist, age 32, mar- 
ried, Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1882; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

in. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
FRIEZE, JOHN B. Private. Teamster, age 22, single, Dor- 
chester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
GAGE, DAVID K. Private. Blacksmith, age 25, married, 

Quincy; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
GLOVER, GEORGE G. Private. Painter, age 23, single, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; yn. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
GRAMER, STEPHEN Private. Cabinet Maker, age 22, 

single, Dorchester ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
GODDARD, FREDERICK W. Private. Clerk, age 21, 

single. Maiden; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Detailed on Signal Corps, sent to Mason Hospital, Boston, 

June 29, 1863. Died July 3, 1863. (See M. O. R.) 
HALL, ASA Private. Provision Dealer, age 28, married, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died 1892. 
HAMMILL, HUGH Private. Laborer, age 23, single, Need- 
ham; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Sent to 

Mason Hospital, Boston, June 29, 1863. Died, May 

3, 1906. 
HAMMOND, JOHN T. Private. Salesman, age 18, . single, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HATCH, AMBROSE P. Private. Shoe Maker, age 31, single, 

Needham; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HATCH, MYRICK L. Private. Carpenter, age 24, single, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed by Brigade Quartermaster as 

bridge builder May 15 to June 6, 1863. 
HERSEY, JAMES A. Private. Blacksmith, age 20, single, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862.; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HIGGINS, JOHN Private. Farmer, age 25, single, Milton; 

en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. a. July 7, 1863. 
HOTCHKISS, WILLARD H. Private. Paper Maker, age 21,. 

single, Needham; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. (See Navy 313.) Died 1904. 



EOSTEB 485 

HICKLING, CHARLES E. Private. Student, age 21, single, 
Roxbury; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ;*w. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Feb. 9, 1863. Disability by General Palmer, 
Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) Dead. 

HALLIDAY, GEORGE W. Private. Machinist, age 25, 
Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged March 6, 1863. DisabiHty. (See M. O. R.) 
Died Feb. 7, 1885. 

JEWETT, JONAS W. Private. Expressman, age 25, mar- 
ried, Milton; ^7^. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m o 
July 7, 1863. 

JOHNSON, JOHN Private. Stone Cutter, age 37, married, 
Quincy; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

JONES, ALVAH T. Private. Engineer, age 18, single. Need- 
ham ; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. 

JONES, PLINY M. Private. Clerk, age 25, single, Needham ; 
en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Absent, sick in 
Needham since June 29, 1863. Died May 7, 1898. 

JONES, ELDRIDGE Private. Farmer, age 44, married, 
Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died in Bedford. 

JONES, BENJAMIN F. Private. Age 20, Milton ; en. Sept. 
12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged Nov. 4, 1862. 
DisabiHty by Colonel Day at Readville, Mass. (See 
M. O. R.) 

KNOWLTON, GEORGE W. Private. Watch Maker, age 
19, single, Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; w. O.Jan. 7, 1863. 

MANSFIELD, EDWARD Private. Florist, age 43, married, 
Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died April 1888. 

MATHES, DANIEL Private. Farmer, age 44, married, 
Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

MAY, GROSVENOR Private. Clerk, age 22, single, Boston ; 
en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Sergeant, re- 
signed Feb. 24, 1863 on account of ankle sprained at 
Battle Kinston, Dec. 14, 1862. Since Nurse in Hospital. 
Sick in Boston since June 29, 1863. 

MERRILL, WILLIAM W. Private. Carpenter, age 36, 
single, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed as Wagoner in Quarter- 
master Department Jan 27, 1863. 



486 TUE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

MORRISSEY, JOHN Private. Leather Dealer, age 19, single, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 18G2; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
MORRISSEY, THOMAS Private. Laborer, age 22, single, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
MORTON, WILLIAM H. Private. Carpenter, age 33, mar- 
ried, Needham; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died July 28, 1875. 
MURPHY, JAMES Private. Laborer, age 19, single, Milton; 

en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7. 1863. 
NICKERSON, FREDERICK A. Private. Cabinet Maker, 

age 24, married, Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. 

Sept. 26, 1862; ni. a. July 7, 1863. Detailed by Brigade 

Quartermaster as bridge builder May 15 to June 6, 1863. 
NOLAN, CHRISTOPHER Private. Laborer, age 21, single, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See I 42 Regiment, 100 days.) 
NORTON, EDWARD Private. File Grinder, age 35, mar- 
ried, Milton; en. Oct. 7, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
OCHS, JOSEPH A. Private. Farmer, age 30, single, Milton ; 

^-/z.'Sept. 12, 1862 ; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died May 15, 1891. 
O'CONNER, MICHAEL Private. Farmer, age 19, single, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See K 24 Regiment.) 
PACKARD, LUMAN B. Private. Cabinet Maker, age 18, 

single, Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. (See A 62 Regiment, 1 year.) Died 

June 11, 1901. 
PIERCE, GEORGE Private. Carpenter, age 43, married, Mil- 
ton ; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Sept. 30, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. Detailed in Pioneer Corps Dec. 8, 1862 to May 

19, 1863. Died March 26, 1895. 
POPE, LEMUEL C. Private. Cabinet Maker, age 24, single, 

Quincy; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died July 23, 1898. 
RAGAN, T. O. Private. Laborer, age 19, single, Needham; 

en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. July 7, 1863. 
RAY, HENRY C. Private. Provision Dealer, age 24, single, 

Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1S()2; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 2, 1902. 



ROSTEE 487 

REED, JOHN N. JR., Private. Farmer, age 23, single, 

Ouincy ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 

7, 1863. 
ROONEY, BARTHOLOMEW Private. Stone Cutter, age 30, 

married, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Wounded in groin Battle Whitehall, 

N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. Dead. 
RICHARDS, SAMUEL F. Private. Student, age 23, married, 

Needham ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Killed 

Dec. 14, 1862 Battle Kinston, N. C. (See F 18th Regi- 
ment. First enlistment, see M. O. R.) 
SHOWDEY, HENRY Private. Mason, age 30,married, Dor- 
chester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Wounded in foot Battle Whitehall, N. C, 

Dec. 16, 1862. 
SNOW, ELB RIDGE Private. Pedler, age 37, married, Mil- 
ton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. Detailed in Pioneer Corps May 19, 1863. (See 

B 60 Regiment, 100 days.) Died May 1889. 
SNOW, JAMES H. Private. Stone Cutter, age 39, married, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Died at Brockton, Mass. 
SUMNER, HENRY J. Private. Apothecary, age 23, single, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died April 26, 1895. 
THOMPSON, JAMES A. Private. Farmer, age 27, married, 

Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
TRIPP, WILLIAM H. Private. Cooper, age 44, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
WALLINGFORD, WILLIAM L. Private. Teamster, age 26, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. 
WALKER, MELVIN O. Private. Carpenter, age 22, single, 

Stoughton ; en. Oct. 14, 1862 ; nt. i. Oct. 14, 1862 ; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
WELLINGTON, HENRY F. Private. Carpenter, age 21, 

single, Milton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. 
WHITNEY, ALBERT H. Private. Paper Maker, age 20, 

single, Dorchester; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
WILLIAMS, JOHN M. Private. Carpenter, age 28, single. 

Milton; en. Sept. 21, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died March 23, 1908. 



Company C 

EDWARD JESSE MINOT, Captain. Merchant, age 30, 

single, Boston; com. Sept. 3, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) 
HARRISON GARDNER, First Lieutenant. Clerk, age 21, 

single, Newton; com. Sept. 3, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died Feb. 12, 

1899. 
LEWIS RICARD WHITTAKER, Second Lieutenant. Car- 
penter, age 32, married, Franklin; com. Sept. 3, 1862; 

m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See H 3 Heavy 

Artillery.) 
WILLIAM H. MINOT, First Sergeant. Clerk, age 21, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
HENRY M. STEVENS, Sergeant. Clerk, age 21, single, New- 
ton ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 

1863. Dead. 
CHARLES SMITH, Sergeant. Merchant, age 30, married, 

Old Town, Maine ;e;z. Sept. 15, 1862 ;m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
JOSEPH P. LOVEJOY, Sergeant. Clerk, age 25, single, 

Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
BENJAMIN T. LIVINGSTON, Sergeant. Currier, age 35, 

single, Winchester ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal Sergeant Nov. 20, 1862. 

(See G 5 Regiment, 3 mos.) Died March 3, 1902. 
CHARLES E. KENDALL, Corporal. Merchant, age 21, 

single, Boston ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
EDWARD P. TUCKER, Corporal. Clerk, age 19, single, 

Cambridge ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. (See 29 Un. Atth. Heavy Artillery.) 
GEORGE T. WOODWARD, Corporal. Teacher, age 26, 

single, Frankhn ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died February 1882. 
NATHAN D. JACQUITH, Corporal. Clerk, age 19, single, 

Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 

488 



EOSTEE 489 

SAMUEL M. HURLBERT, Corporal. Clerk, age 19, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 20, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
ALBERT E. DUPEE, Corporal. Blacksmith, age 20, single, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. (See C 12 Regiment. See H 3 Heavy 

Artillery.) 
LEMUEL A. COOLEDGE, JR., Corporal. Clerk, age 21, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26,' 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal Nov. 20, 1862. Dead. 
JOHN B. WARREN, Corporal. Civil Engineer, age 23, 

single, Cambridge ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal Feb. 22, 1863. 
GEORGE CHADWICK, Musician. Clerk, age 16, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See H 3 Heavy Artillery.) 
JOHN KNIGHT, Musician. Schoolboy, age 16, single, 

Boston ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 

7, 1863. (See A 42 Regiment, 100 days.) 
ADAMS, CHARLES B. Private. Carpenter, age 33, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
ADAMS, LOWELL B. Private. Shoemaker, age 25, smgle, 

Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See I 18 Regiment. A 32 Regiment.) 

Dead. 
ADAMS, WILLIAM W. Private. Shoemaker, age 23, mar- 
ried, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

w. o. July 7, 1863. 
ALEXANDER, ANDREW J. Private. Carpenter, age 20, 

single, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See 14 Battery.) 
BACON, JOSEPH S. Private. Clerk, age 23, single, Boston ; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
BALLOU, OWEN E. Private. Farmer, age 20, single, 

Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
BALLOU, WILLIAM A. Private. Bonnet Presser, age 24, 

single, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26,1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
BEMIS, CHARLES H. Private. Carriage Maker, age 33, 
single, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 



490 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

BLOOD, CYRUS W. Private. Music Teacher, age 43, mar- 
ried, Winchester; en. Oct. 6, 1862; m. i. Oct. 6, 18(32; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died April 7, 1895. 

BRIGHAM, LEMUEL W. Private. Clerk, age 22, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 26, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

BRYANT, JOSEPH B. Private. Clerk, age 18, single, Bos- 
ton; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. (See B 1st Calvary.) 

BURR, CHARLES E. Private. Farmer, age 19, single, Bell- 
ingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See C 4th Cavalry.) 

CASEY, STEPHEN H. Private. Glass Cutter, age 21, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 18(i3. (See A 56th Regiment.) 

CLARK, SAMUEL D. Private. Piano Finisher, age 36, mar- 
ried, Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

COLE, CHARLES A. Private. Farmer, age 20, single, Chel- 
sea; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. (See 4th Un. Atth. Company, 90 days.) 

COLE, GEORGE W. JR., Private. Brass Finisher, age 24, 
single, Chelsea; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

CALVIN, BARTON A. Private. Boot Maker, age 21, mar- 
ried, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

CURRY, EDMUND A. Private. Currier, age 28, married, 
Winchester; ^n. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 25, 1895. 

CUTLER, WARREN Private. Farmer, age 38, married, 
Boston; en. Oct. 24, 1862; m. i. Oct. 24, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Died March 18, 1908. 

CUTTER, GEORGE S. Private. Student, age 21, smgle, 
Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ;m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

DINTER, ERNEST E. Private. Gilder, age 37, married, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 4, 1887. 

DOTY, HARRISON Private. Seaman, age 43, married, 
Mansfield; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 
July 7, 1863. Died April 1, 1887. 

FISHER, WALTER M. Private. Farmer, age 23, single, 
Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See H 3d Heavy Artillery.) 



ROSTER 491 

FOLSOM, WILLIAM H. Private. Clerk, age 26, single, Bos- 
ton ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 

1863. (See 14th Battery.) 
FREEMAN, EDWARD H. Private. Boot Maker, age 19, 
single, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 2(), 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
GAMMONS, CHARLES H. Private. Machinist, age 21' 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 19, 1879. 
GLYNN, FRANCIS Private. Age 31, Winchester; en. Sept. 

15, 1862; m. i. vSept. 26, 1862. Deserted Oct. 1, 1862 

from Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
GROW, NATHANIEL S. Private. Teamster, age 37, mar- 
ried, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 15, 1898. 
HANSON, JOEL W. Private. Farmer, ag'e 22, married, 

Winchester ; ew. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
HASTINGS, NORMAN Private. Farmer, age 28, married, 

Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 

June 27, 1863 on Steamer S. R. Spaulding on passage 

from Newbern, N. C. to Boston, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
HATCH, IRA G. Private. Carpenter, age 39, married, Win- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died March 17, 1898. 
HOBART, GEORGE W. Private. Carriage Smith, age 29, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
HODGES, FRANK F. Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HOLBROOK, JOSEPH W. Private. Boot Maker, age 43, 

married, Franklin ; e;7. Sept. 15, 1862 ;m. i. Sept. 2(), 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HOLBROOK, PLINY A. Private. Butter Presser, age 32, 

single, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. a. July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 13, 1902. 
HUNNEWELL, CHARLES D. Private. Expressman, age 

18, single, Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; ni. o. July 7, 1863. 
HUNNEWELL, GEORGE G. Private. Student, age 19, 

single, Winchester ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. 



492 THE FOIITY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

HUNT, SAMUEL C. Private. Teacher, age 20, single, Frank- 
lin ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. Sergeant resigned Nov. 20, 1862. Dead. 

JORDAN, SAMUEL H. Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Franklin ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See I 18th Regiment. G 32d Regiment.) 
Died Dec. 29, 1898. 

KENNISTON, IRA Private. Farmer, age 19, single, Lex- 
ington; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. 

KERIGAN, PATRICK Private. Age 27, Chelsea; en. Sept. 
26, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Deserted Oct. 1, 1862 
from Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

KINGSBURY, EMERY T. Private. Teamster, age 22, 
single, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 

LAWRENCE, HENRY A. Private. Painter, age 19, single, 
Littleton; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See K 1st Heavy Artillery, State N. Y.) 

LOVEJOY, GEORGE T. Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 
Amherst, N. H. ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. 0. July 7, 1863. (See H 6th Regiment, 100 days.) 

MAGEE, DANIEL Private. Harness Maker, age 22, single, 
Boston ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o.' July 
7, 1863. 

MASON, JOSEPH H. Private. Barber, age 41, married, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

McCONVILLE, JOSEPH Private. Painter, age 31, mar- 
ried, Winciiester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
Discharged Feb. 10, 1863. Disability at Newbern, N. C. 
(See M. 0. R.) Died May 28, 1899. 

McNALLY, MICHAEL Private. Bar Keeper, age 21, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; Dis- 
charged March 29, 1863. DisabiHty at Beaufort, N. C. 
(See M. O. R. See 2d Battery.) 

MOORHOUSE, WILLIAM Private. Cutter, age 21, single, 
Mansfield; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 30, 1906. 

MURPHY, JEREMIAH Private. Laborer, age 25, single, 
Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; tn. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See K 56th Regiment.) 



ROSTER 493 

MURPHY, MICHAEL Private. Butcher, age 21, single, 
Boston ; en. Sept. 15, 18(32 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Dead. 

MURPHY, WILLIAM H. F. Private. Clerk, age IS, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

NASON, ALBERT D. Private. Clerk, age 21, single, Frank- 
lin ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 
June 9, 1863, disability, Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
Corporal resigned Feb. 22, 1863. Died Nov. 9, 1903. 

NEWELL, DUANE Private. Farmer, age 20, single, Frank- 
lin ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. (See H 3d Heavy Artillery.) 

NILES, JEROME S. Private. Mechanic, age 24, married, 
Milton; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

O'NEIL, MICHAEL Private. Farmer, age 20, single, Win- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

O'SULLIVAN, MICHAEL Private. Boot Maker, age 24, 
married, Franklin ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

PARKER, EDWIN C. Private. Blacksmith, age 23, single, 
Cambridge ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Nov. 6, 1907. 

PATUCK, CHARLES P. Private. Mason, age 22, single, 
Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

PECK, HENRY C. Private. Farmer, age 25, single, Frank- 
lin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. 

PERRY, JAMES H. Private. Age 22, Mansfield; en. Sept. 
15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Deserted Oct. 20, 1862 from 
Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

PICKERING, HENRY M. Private. Carder, age 18, single, 
Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See H 3d Heavy Artillery.) 

REEVES, WILLARD Private. Caulker, age 28, single, Win- 
chester; en. Sept. 26, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. De- 
serte(i Nov. 4, 1862 from Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

REMICK, WILLIAM Private. Boot Maker, age 22, married, 
Franklin, en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Feb. 28, 1863, disability, at Boston, by Colonel 
Day. (See M. O. R.) 



494 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

ROWELL, WILLIAM Private. Carriage Painter, age 40 
married, Boston ; en. Oct. 3, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 9, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

RYAN, JAMES M. Private. Mason, age 41, married, Frank- 
lin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. (See H 3d Heavy Artillery.) Dead. 

SAFFORD, ASA Private. Carpenter, age 45, widower, Bos- 
ton ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 
March 29, 1863, disabihty, Beaufort, N. C. (See M. 
O. R.) 

SMITH, ELIPHALET Private. Clerk, age 23, single, Win- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

SHAW, JOHN B. Private. Barber, age 30, married, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. July 7, 1863. 
Dead. 

SMITH, HENRY W. Private. Currier, age 19, single, Win- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See E 6th Regiment, 100 days.) 

STANTON, JAMES Private. Merchant, age 40, married, 
Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See E 56th Regiment.) 

STONE, JOSEPH, JR. Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 
Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

TAYLOR, CHARLES H. Private. Teamster, age 18, single, 
Winchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

TAYLOR, JAMES Private. Type Founder, age 18, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

TEMPLE, JAMES H. Private. Clerk, age 20, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

THOMPSON, DANIEL L. Private. Clerk, age 21, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

TOBEY, WILLIAM W. Private. Harness Maker, age 19, 
single, W. Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

TODD, ANDREW T. Private. Farmer, age 44, married, 
Winchester; en. Sept. 26, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 
July 7, 1863. Died July 5, 1907. 

TUTTLE, ALBERT Private. Clerk, age 18, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1882; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
(See U. S. Signal Corps.) Died Dec. 22, 1902. 



BOSTEB 495 

WALES, OWEN O. Private. Bonnet Presser, age 23, mar- 
ried, Franklin; eu. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

WARD, HENRY J. Private. Bonnet Presser, age 22, single, 
Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; rn. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

WHITING, JOHN B. Private. Teamster, age 44, single, 
Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

WILLIAMS, LEWIS F. Private. Boot Maker, age 42, mar- 
ried, Franklin; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
w. o. July 7, 1863. (See H 3d Heavy Artillery.) 

WILLIAMS, WILLIAM M. Private. Butcher, age 38, mar- 
ried, Boston ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

WOODS, WILLIAM H. H. Private. Photographer, age 23, 
single, Boston; en. Oct. 11, 1862; m. i. Oct. 11, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 



Company IB 

NATHANIEL WILLIS BUMSTEAD, Captain. Merchant, 
age 28, single, Boston ; com. Sept. 5, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) 

SAMUEL THAXTER, First Lieutenant. Clerk, age 25, 
single, Boston; com. Sept. 5, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862, 
m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died April 9, 

1898. 
CYRUS ALGER SEARS, Second Lieutenant. Merchant, 

age 21, single, Boston; com. Sept. 5, 1862; m. i. Sept. 

26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died 

Aue. 3, 1886. 
WILLARD L. WELLMAN, First Sergeant. Mathematician 

age 23, single, Brookline ; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 

26, 1862 ; w. o. July 7, 1863. Wounded in thigh at Battle 

Whitehail, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. (See Boston Cadets.) 
NATHANIEL P. HARRIS, Sergeant. Clerk, age 21, single, 

Brookline ; e7x. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 

June 19, 1863, pneumonia, at Stanley General Hospital, 

Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
FRANCIS O. KENDALL, Sergeant. Clerk, age 27, married, 

Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 22, 1903. 
T\Mks A. WALKER, Sergeant. Farmer, age 33, single, 

Lincoln; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died in 1895. 
FRANCIS JENKINS, Sergeant. Farmer, age 24, married, 

W Barnstable ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; w. 

o. July 7, 1863. Died April 21, 1897. 
ROYAL P. BARRY, Sergeant. Clerk, age 22, single, Mel- 
rose; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7 1863. Corporal, Sergeant June 9, 1863. Died in Mal- 

rise, Sept. 28, 1904. 
ORIGEN B. DARLING, Corporal. Teacher, age 26, smgie, 

Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See B. 1 Batt Hy. Art. Capt. 12th Regt. 

U. S. Col. Art.) Died May 9, 1899. 
JOSEPH A. HASKELL, Corporal. Clerk, age 25, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 

496 



ROSTER 497 

EDWARD P. LIPPINCOTT, Corporal. Clerk, age 18, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
SAMUEL H. JONES, Corporal. Carpenter, age 23, single, 

Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died in Los Angeles, Cal., 1907. 
GEORGE L. HAINES, Corporal. Clerk, age 21, single. 

Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; ni. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
FREEMAN H. LOTHROP, Corporal. Seaman, age 20, 

single, Barnstable ; ^w. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
TOHN W. CARTER, Corporal. Student, single, Brookline ; 
' en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 

Nov. 5, 1862 to re-enlist in r7th Regt. U. S. Inf. at Fort 

Preble, Portland, Maine, G. O. No. 154 A. G. O. (See 

M. O. R.) Died July 5, 1895. 
HOWARD CHIPMAN, Corporal. Broom Maker, age 18, 

single, Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal June 19, 1863. 
EDWARD P. JACKSON, Corporal. Student, age 22, single, 

Dunstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Corporal June 19, 1863. (See A 5th Regt. 

100 days.) Died Oct. 12, 1905. 
WILLIAM F. MASON, Musician. Painter, age 19, single, 

Biddeford, Maine ; m. Sept. 12, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
JOHN L. McCOLLUM, Musician. Stage Driver, age 18, 

single, Tisbury; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See navy folio 448.) 
AMES, OSMOND Private. Age 21, Barnstable; e;7. Sept. 12, 

1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged on S. C. of D. 

Oct. 30, 1862, as Rejected Recruit. (See M. O. R.) 
BASSETT, CLARENCE W. Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Killed Dec. 14, 1862, Battle Kinston, N. C. (See M. O. 

R.) 
BEANE, CHARLES E. Private. Seaman, age 20, single, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
BEARSE, GEORGE H. Private. Seaman, age 21, single, 

Barnstable ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 

Jan. 7, 1863, congestive fever, Camp Amory, Newbern, 

N. C. (See M. O. R.) 



498 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. T^ M. 

BEARSE, JOSEPH P. Private. Seaman, age 37, married, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died August 31, 1891. 

BEARSE, NATHAN H. Private. Farmer, age 39, married, 
Barnstable; eu. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died July 1, 1877. 

BENSON, HENRY F. Private. Blacksmith, age 37, married, 
Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 
Dec. 28, 1862 at Newbern, N. C, of wounds received in 
the Battle of Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. 

R.) 

BLOSSOM, HENRY C. Private. Farmer, age 19, single, W. 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. See H. 58th Regt. 

BRYANT, JOSIAH Private. Clerk, age 23, single, Lexing- 
ton; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. 

BURGESS, GEORGE A. Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. v. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Oct. 30, 1862 on S. C. of D. as Rejected Recruit. 
(See M. O. R.) 

BUSSEY, BENJAMIN F. Private. Seaman, age 24, married, 
Newburgh, Maine ;^w. Sept. 12, 1862 ;m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

BUSSEY, JOHN D. Private. Farmer, age 28, single, New- 
burgh, Maine; en. Oct. 6, 1862; m. i. Oct. 6, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 27, 1905. 

BUTTERFIELD, GEORGE H. Private. Milkman, age 22, 
single, Lexington ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Nov. 17, 1891. 

BUTTERS, SIDNEY Private. Carpenter, age 44, married, 
Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded in left thigh at Battle 
of Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. Died July 15, 1897. 

CALVAY, GEORGE B. Private. Farmer, age 35, single, 
Cambridge (ent. at Lincoln); en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. 
Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See K. 59th Regt. 
and K. 57th Regt. as McCaly.) 

CARRET, CHARLES T. Private. Clerk, age 20, single, Med- 
ford ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. 

CHILDS, EDWARD W. Private. Seaman, age 20, single, 
Barnstable ; (?;?. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 



ROSTER 499 

CHILDS, FREDERICK W. Private. Seaman, age 22, single, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded in right hand at Battle 
of Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. Died Oct. 15, 1900. 

CHILDS, SIMEON C. Private. Seaman, age 43, married, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

CHIPMAN, GEORGE A. Private. Clerk, age 19, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See A. 6th Regt. 100 days.) 

CHIPMAN, JOSEPH P. Private. Boot Maker, age 23, single, 
Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; nt. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See 16th Battery.) Died June 14, 1904. 

CHIPMAN, SAMUEL Private. Wheelwright, age 38, single, 
Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; nt. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 5, 1889. 

CROCKER, NELSON S. Private. Printer, age 26, married, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

CROUCH, HENRY E. Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 
Harvard; eji. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 1, 1906. 

CUTTING, WILLIAM H. JR., Private. Clerk, age 20, single, 
Melrose; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

DOANE, ELIPHALET Private. Seaman, age 36, married, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See A. 58th Regt.) Re-enHsted and 
killed in action. 

EVANS, THOMAS C. Private. Collector, age 29, married, 
Melrose; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Feb.' 27, 1863, at Boston, owing to wounds 
received at the Battle of Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862, in 
both hands and left leg. (See M. O. R.) Died Jan. 20, 
1905. 

FIFIELD, WATSON H. Private. Seaman, age 43, married. 
Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; tn. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

FITCH, DAVID Private. Carpenter, age 30, married, Lex- 
ington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

FOSS, JAMES T. Private. Bookkeeper, age 25, single, Mel- 
rose; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Slightly wounded in right shoulder at Battle of 
■ Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 



500 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

FOSTER, JOHN D. Private. Chemist, age 27, married. 

Sandwich; en. Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
FULLER, DAVID Private. Seaman, age 21, student, Barn- 
stable ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 

7, 1863. (See General Service, U. S. A.) 
GODDARD, JAMES F. Private. Clerk, age 20, single, N. 

Bridgewater; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. 

o. July 7, 1863. Died May 13, 1901. 
GREENE, HENRY C. Private. Moulder, age 28, single, 

Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died May 30, 1898. 
HACKETT, THOMAS, Private. Glass Worker, age 38, 

married, Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HAMBLIN, JAMES B., Private. Watch Maker, age 24, 

married, Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HAMLEN, EZRA, Private. Glass Worker, age 25, married, 

Sandwich; en. Sept 12, 1862; m. i. Sept 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HART, GEORGE D., Private. Seaman, age 32, married, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HINKLEY, JOHN B., Private. Seaman, age 44, married, 

Barnstable; e/i. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HOAR, BENJAMIN F., Private. Farmer, age 20, single, 

Lincoln; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Feb. 27, 1863, at Boston, on account of wounds 

received at Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See 

M. O. R.) 
HOLMES, CHARLES E., Private. Laborer, age 19, single, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See 14th Battery.) 
HOLMES, ISAAC W., Private. Farmer, age 27, single, 

Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HOLWAY, AUGUSTUS, Private. Farmer, age 22. single. 

Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died July 23, 1898. 
HOLWAY, THOxMAS E., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 



ROSTER 501 

HOXIE, NATHANIEL C, Private. Seaman, age 38, mar- 
ried. Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1S()2; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802 
m.o. July 7, 1803. Died April 5, 1903. 

JENKINS, ASA, Private. Seaman, age 24, single, Barn- 
stable; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o 
July 7, 1803. 

JONES, ALEXANDER B., Private. Seaman, age 24, mar- 
ried, Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; 
m. o. July 7, 1803. Died July, 1890. 

JONES, HERCULES, Private. Farmer, age 33, married, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. 

JONES, JAMES T., Private. Farmer, age 19, single. Sand- 
wich ; en. Sept. 12, 1802 ; m. i. Sept. 20, 18(52 ; ni. o. July 7, 
1803. Died Nov. 11, 1894. 

JUDKINS, EDWIN W., Private. Gardener, age 24, married, 
Melrose; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. Died June 22, 1900. 

KNIPPE, HENRY H., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Sandwich; en. Oct. 15, 1802; nt. i. Oct. 15, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. (See K. 1st Cavalry.) 

LEIGHTON, WILLIAM F., Private. Clerk, age 18, single, 
Melrose; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. 

LOVELL, FREDERICK U., Private. Mason, age 30, mar- 
ried. Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; 
m. o. July 7, 1803. 

MARSHALL, JAMES, Private. Cordwamer, age 19, single, 
Melrose; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. Died Feb. 2, 1908. 

McLaughlin, GEORGE W., Private. Clerk, age 19, 
single, Melrose; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; 
m. o. July 7, 1803. 

MERCER, THOMAS L., Private. Merchant, age 21, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. Slightly wounded in back of head Battle 
Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1802. Died in Arizona about 
1900. 

MESSER, WILLIAM, Private. Farmer, age 32, single, 
Concord; en. Sept. 12, 1802; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. 

NORTON, DAMON Y., Private. Farmer, age 34, married, 
Edgartown ; en. Oct. 0, 18(52; m. i. Oct. (5, 1802; m. o. 
July 7, 1803. 



502 THE FORTY-FIFTn REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

NYE, HIRAM, Private. Painter, age 46, married, Barn- 
stable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

NYE, SAMUEL H., Private. Farmer, age 25, married, 
• Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded in the head at Kinston, 
N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. Corporal, reduced June 19, 1863. 

PERKINS, JOHN JR., Private. Paper Hanger, age 35, 
married, Melrose; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Discharged May 21, 1863, at Boston, Mass., on account of 
wounds in left hip received at Battle Kinston, N. C, 
Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) Died Sept. 14, 1895. 

PHINNEY, HARRISON G., Private. Seaman, age 19, single, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

RICHARDSON, ALVAH M., Private. Student, age 29, 
single, Winchester ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

RIORDEN, WILLIAM C, Private. Clerk, age 21, smgle. 
Sandwich ; en. Oct. 29, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 29, 1862. Deserted 
Nov. 1, 1862 from Camp Meigs, Readville, Mass. (See 
M. O. R. See A. 11th Regt.) 

SAVILLE, CLIFFORD, Private. Student, age 22, smgle, 
Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Sept. 1, 1908. 

SIMONDS, GEORGE, JR., Private. Carpenter, age 24, smgle, 
Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died March 17, 1900. 

STIMPSON, CHARLES H., Private. Machinist, age 21, 
single. Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 25, 1904. 

SIMPSON, THOMAS O., Private. Seaman, age 40, married. 
Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged April 4, 1863, disabihty, caused by falHng tree 
at Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) 

TRACY, WILLIAM W., Private. Student, age 18, smgle, 
Andover; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

WARE, THOMAS M., Private. Clerk, age 19, smgle, Rox- 
bury ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. 

WELLINGTON, ELIZAH H., Private. Farmer, age 21, 
single, Lincoln; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
Died Jan. 13. 1863, congestive fever at Camp Amory 
Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 



BOSTER 503 

WHEELER, ALBERT H., Private. Glass Worker, age, 21 

single. Sandwich ; en. Sept. 12, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
WHYTAL, JOSEPH, Private. Farmer, age 37, widower, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7. 1863. Died Feb. 1, 1907. 
WILLIAMS, THOMAS, Private. Seaman, age 19, single, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Discharged June 4, 1863, at Newbern, N. C, to re-enlist 

in 2d Hy. Art. (See M. O. R. See A. 2d Hy. Art.) 
WRIGHT,. GEORGE W., Private. Pedler, age 19, single, 

Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. 

July 7, 18(53. 
WRIGHT, STILLMAN, Private. Moulder, age 44, married, 

Sandwich; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
WRIGHT, WALTER R., Private. Milkman, age 24, m-arried, 

Lexington; e7i. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
WRIGHT, W^ILLIS L., Private. Farmer, age 21, Student, 

Lexington; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
YOUNG, AARON H., Private. Seaman, age 44, married, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 12, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Died Jan. 20, 1863, Stanley Hospital, Newbern, N. C, 

of wounds received Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 

(See M. O. R.) 



THOMAS B. WALES, JR., Captain. Merchant, age 24, 

married, Boston ; com. Sept. 11, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. Julv 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) 
ALPHEUS H. HiVRDY, First Lieutenant. Clerk, age 22, 

married, Boston ; com. Sept. 11, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) 
JOHN FRANK EMMONS, Second Lieutenant. Clerk, age 23, 

single, Boston; com. Sept. 11, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died in New 

York, May U, 1902. 
CHARLES F. HARDY, First Sergeant. Clerk, age 19, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863.. 
HIRAM F. CARLETON, Sergeant. Clerk, age 20, single, 

Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed Provost Sergeant at Newbern, 

N. C, Feb. 22, 1863 to June 2, 1863. 
BENJAMIN V. COBURN, Sergeant. Machinist, age 33, mar- 
ried, Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862: 

w. o. July 7, 1863. (vSee H 6th Regt., 100 days.) 
GEORGE' P. LADD, Sergeant. Soldier, age 24, Sturbridge; 

en. Oct. 24, 1862; m. i. Oct. 24, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See A 56th Regt. Captain U. S. A.) 
FRANK WELLS, Sergeant. Student, age 19, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; w. o. July 7, 1863. 

Appointed Sergeant Company E Oct. 23, 1862. Trans- 
ferred Oct. 23, 1862. 
WILLIAM D. BRACKETT, JR., Corporal. Clothier, age 22, 

single, Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
WILLIAM W. BOWMAN, Corporal. Fisherman, age 28, 

married, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal May 8, 1863. (See 

I 29th Regt.) 
JOHN W. BROOKS, Corporal. Carpenter, age 36, married, 

Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died May 7, 1901. 
GEORGE C. RICHARDS, Corporal. Fisherman, age 24, 

single, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26 

1862; m. a. July 7, 1863. Wounded in left leg Battle 

Dover Cross Roads, N. C, April 28, 1863. 



BOSTER 505 

RUFUS RICHARDSON, Corporal. Grocer, age IVA, married, 
Charlestown ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See 6-56th Regt.) 

WILLIAM C. SEELYE, Corporal. Carpenter, age 21, single, 
E. Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ;-w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 28, 1905. 

GEORGE A. WHITE, Corporal. Carpenter, age 25, single, 
Sharon; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged March 21, 1863 at Boston for disabihty. (See 
M. O. R.) SHghtly wounded in leg Battle Whitehall, 
N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. 

JOHN F. SPENCER, Corporal. Salesman, age 24, single, 
Boston; en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Dead. 

JOHN D. SALVAGE, Corporal. Coachman, age 28, single, 
vSwampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Corporal Feb. 26, 1863." 

WILLIAM SHIELDS, Musician. Drummer, age 14, single 
Dorchester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

JOHN K. ROWELL, Musician. Clerk, age 18, smgle, 
Charlestown ; en. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died March 1888. 

ANTHONY, WILLIAM, Private. Porter, age 25, married, 
Boston; en. Oct. 20, 1862; m. i. Oct. 20, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Detailed in Quartermaster Department Jan. 
15, 1863. Died March 3, 1908. 

ATWOOD, GEORGE F., Private. Age 24, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Deserted Oct. 
15, 1862 from Camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

BEECHER JOHN G., Private. Trunk Maker, age 37, mar- 
ried, Chelsea; en. Sept. 26, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 
Deserted Oct. 7, 1862 from Camp at Readville, Mass 
(See M. O. R.) 

BLANCHARD, EDWARD A., Private. Farmer, age 23 
married, Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

BLANCHARD, HORACE, Private. Fisherman, age 22 
single, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26 
1862; w. o. July 7, 1863. 

BLANCHARD, LEONARD, Private. Fisherman, age 18 
single, vSwampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26 
1862. Sick in Hammond Hospital, Beaufort, N. C. 
since June 12, 1863. Discharged from hospital August 
18, 1863 to report to Adjutant General of Mass. 



506 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

BLANEY, ELBRIDGE G., Private. Fisherman, age 40, 
married, Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 2, 1902. 

BLx\NEY, GEORGE DUDLEY, Private. Clerk, age 20, 
married, Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862. Died June 21, I860, nervous prostration, Regt. 
Hospital, Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 

BRACKETT, JOHN E., Private. Caulker, age 27, single, 
Charlestown ; en. Sept. 26, 1852 ; m. i. Sept. 23, 1862 ■,m. o. 
July 7, 18G3. 

BROWN, WILLIAM, Private. Painter, age 27, single, Bos- 
ton; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. 

CAMP, WILLIAM H., Private. Hatter, age 32, married, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died in Philadelphia, 1875. 

CASWELL, RICHARD B, Private. Fisherman, age 20, 
single, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in 1898. 

CHASE, JOHN L., Private. Manufacturer, age 31, married, 
Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

CLAPP, HORACE W., Private. Farmer, age 33, single, 
Sharon; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died April 3, 1905. 

CLARK, EDWIN R., Private. Stone Cutter, age 35, mar- 
ried', East Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862. Killed Dec. 14, 1862, Battle Kinston, N. C. (See 
M. O. R.). 

CLARK, GEORGE P., Private. Gas Fitter, age 31, married. 
Maiden; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

COAN JOHN C, Private. Age 35, Swampscott; en. Sept. 
15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged Oct. 27, 1862 
at ' Readville, Mass. Knee dislocated. (See M. O. R.) 
Dead. 

COBB, GEORGE R., Private. Stone Cutter, age 21, single, 
e' Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 14, 1886. 

COLBY JOHN, Private. Teamster, age 23, single, Swamp- 
scott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. 0. July 
7, 1863. Died July 25, 1905. 



ROSTER 507 

COLLINS, WILLL\M H., Private. Clerk, age 23, single, 
Swampscott; en. Sept. L5, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862.' 
Sick in Hammond Hospital, Beaufort, N. C, since June 
29, 1863. Discharged from hospital August 18, 1863 to 
report to Adjutant General of Mass. Died March 1906 

CRANDALL, OSCAR C, Private. Teamster, age 23, single, 
Bristol, Vt. ; en. Oct. 20, 1862; m. i. Oct. 20, 1862; m. o[ 
July 7, 1863. Detailed Wagoner Brigade Headquarters 
Jan. 1863. 

CUMMINGS, HENRY, Private. Gas Fitter, age 28, married, 
Boston ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Detailed in Regt. Band. Died Dec. 29, 1889 

DAVENPORT, WILLIAM S., Private. Coachman, age 30, 
married, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Deserted from Camp at Readville 
Nov. 4, 1862 ; reported in New York Feb. 12, 1863. Con- 
fined in Forrest Hall Prison. Joined Company May 22 
1863. Dead. r .r j , 

DONALLY, THOMAS, Private. Fisherman, age 29, single, 

Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862^ 

Killed Dec. 16, 1862 Battle Whitehall, N. C. (See M O 

R.) 
DONOVAN, CHARLES, Private. Clerk, age 26, single. Bos- 
ton ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. lulv 7 

1863. Died in 1907. -^ ^ ' 

DOUGLASS, SYLVESTER F. Private. Fisherman, age 26, 

single, Swampscott; en. Oct. 7, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
ELLIS, FREDERICK O., Private. Teacher, age 26, single, 

Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ;m. i. Sept. 26, 1862" w o 

July 7, 1863. 
FISHER, DANIEL, Private. Painter, age 18, single, Boston ; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
GAY, GEORGE F., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, Sharon ; 

en. vSept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See L 42d Heavy Artillery.) 
GERALD, WILLIAM H., Private. Expressman, age 29, 

married, W. Randolph; en. Oct. 21, 1862; m. i. Oct. 2l' 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in 1890. 
GLASS, JOSEPH W., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 • m o 

July 7, 1863. (See F 29th Regt.) 
GORHAM, JOHN, Private. Fisherman, age 30, married, 

Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 186'?' 

w. o. July 7, 1863. Died in 1898. 



508 THE FOIiTY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

GRAVES, GEORGE, JR., Private. Cabinet Maker, age 32, 
married, E. Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
18(32 ;m. o. July 7, 1863. 

GREGORY, THOMAS, Private. Glass Packer, age 35, mar- 
ried. East Cambridge; en. Sept. 15,1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in 1894. 

HASTINGS, CHARLES B., Private. Merchant, age 39, 
married, East Cambridge ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

HAYES, LEMUEL W., Private. Photographer, age 21. sin- 
gle, Boston ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

HUTCHINS, CHARLES S., Private. Teacher, age 25, smgle, 
Edgecomb, Maine; en. Oct. 21, 1862; m. i. Oct. 21, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 

HUTCHINSON, EDWARD C, Private. Stone Cutter, age 
30, married, East Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. 
Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

KERSHAW, JAMES, Private. Safe Maker, age 35, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged March 28, 1863, general disabihty, Newbern, 

N. C. (See M. O. R.) Dead. 
KNOWLES, WHLLIAM F., Private. Shoemaker, age 27, 

married, Stoneham; en. Oct. 25, 1862; m. i. Oct. 25, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
LAWRENCE, ALDEN B., Private. Laborer, age 21, single, 

Boston; en. Oct. 20, 1862; m. i. Oct. 20, 1862; w. o. July 

7, 1863. (See Company E 1st Battery Heavy Artillery.) 

Dead. 
LEE, JOSEPH W., Private. Clerk, age 20, single, Boston, 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. July 7, 1863. 

Detailed with Brigadier General Feb. 21, 1863 to July 6, 

1863. 
LORD, THEODORE W., Private. Tin Worker, age 27, 

married, Boston ; e^t. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
LOTHROP, JOSEPH F., Private. Letter Carrier, age 25, 

single, Charlestown; en. Sept. 26, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
McLaughlin, THOMAS, Private. Performer, age 29, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 



ROSTER 509 

MILLETT, ORLANDO R., Private. Carpenter, age 21, 

single, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, I860. 
MOLINEUX, ROBERT G., Private. Clerk, age 19, single, 

Roxbury; en. Sept. 26, 1862; m. i. vSept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed in Stanley Hospital, Newbern, 

N. C. Dec. 3, 1862 to June 22, 1863. Corporal, resigned 

Dec. 3, 1862. 
MORRIS, MOSES, Private. Baker, age 19, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See U. S. Navy 1863.) Died Jan. 24, 1895. 
NEWCOMB, STEPHEN A., Private. Fisherman, age 18, 

single, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
O'GRADY, MARTIN, Private. Fisherman, age 18, single, 

Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; w. o.- 

July 7, 1863. Died June 5, 1870. 
OTIS, JAMES E., Private. Salesman, age 35, single, Boston; 

en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862. Discharged June 

17, 1863 at Newbern, N. C. by order Major General Fos- 
ter. (See M.. O. R.) 
PALMER, GEORGE F., Private. Age 22, Needham; en. 

Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged Oct. 

17, 1862 on S. C. of D. Rejected Recruit. (See M. O. R.) 
PHILLIPS, BENJAMIN, Private. Farmer, age 20, single. 

Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o, 

July 7, 1863. Died in 1897. 
PHILLIPS, RIENZI, Private. Farmer, age 20, single, 

Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died 1904. 
PHILLIPS, WILLIAM H., Private. Fisherman, age 22, 

married, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
PLAGUE, WILLIAM H., Private. Painter, age 22, mar- 
ried, Charlestown; en. Oct. 10, 1862; m. i. Oct. 10, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See 5th Battery.) 
PLYMPTON, LEWIS F. S., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Sharon; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
PORTER, MERRITT E., Private. Shoemaker, age 24, 

married, Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. 0. July 7, 1863. Died April 23, 1893. 



510 THE FORTY-FIFTH liEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

POWELL, JAMES, Private. Coppersmith, age 34, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. L5, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. . De- 
serted Nov. 4, 1862 from Camp at Readviile, Mass. (See 
M. O. R.) 

POWER, JAMES, Private. Performer, age 36, married, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 1889. 

PRICE, WILLIAM B., Private. Glass Maker, age 33, mar- 
ried, East Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862. Died June 27, 1863 on Steamer S. R. Spaulding 
of typhoid fever on passage from Newbern, N. C. to 
Boston, Mass. (See. M. O. R.) 

PROCTOR, MARTIN C, Private. Age 20, Boston; en. Oct. 
1, 1862; w. i. Oct. 1, 1862. Discharged Oct. 17, 1862 on 
S. C. of D. Rejected Recruit. (See M. 0. R.) 

PUTNEY, ROYAL W., Private. Glass Maker, age 18, single, 
Cambridge ; en. Oct. 1, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 1, 1862 ; m. o. July 
7, 1863. (See 9th Battery.) Dead. 

RAMSDELL, JOHN, Private. Fisherman, age 36, married, 
Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

RAYMOND, CHARLES P., Private. Age 25, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Deserted Oct. 4, 
1862 from Camp at Readviile, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

RAYMOND, WILLIAM T., Private. Age 18, Boston; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Deserted Oct. 4, 
1862 from Camp at Readviile. (See M. O. R.) 

RICH, RICHARD L., Private. Fisherman, age 18, single, 
Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died in 1898. 

RYDER, JOSHUA A., Private. Age 23, single. Province- 
town; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Dead. 

SANBORN, WILLIAM H., Private. Blacksmith, age 28, 
single, Cambridge ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

SARGENT, BENJAMIN, Private. Age 40, Cambridge; en. 
Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged Oct. 17, 
1862, disabiHty, at Readviile, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
Dead. 

SAWIN, THOMAS K., Private. Painter, age 21, single, 
Lexington, en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 18, 1896. 



EOS TEE 511 

SAXTON, HENRY L., Private. Printer, age 41, single, Bos- 
ton ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. Detailed in Regt. Band. Died July 31, 1894. 
SMITH, CHARLES H., Private. Soldier, age 19, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See K 22d Regt. D 56th Regt.) 
SMITH, GEORGE H., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, Bos- 
ton; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 
Oct. 17, 1862 on S. C. of D. Rejected Recruit. (See 
M. O. R.) 

STIMPSON, JOHN C, Private. Fisherman, age 44, mar- 
ried, Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Discharged June 1, 1863, disabihty, Newbern, N. C. 
(See M. O. R.) Dead. 

STONE, CALEB O., Private. Fisherman, age 27, married, 
Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Died Dec. 11, 1862 typhoid fever in hospital, Newbern, 
N. C. (See M. O. R.) 

SYMES, WILLIAM H., Private. Teamster, age 22, single, 
Boston; en. Oct. 20, 1862; m. i. Oct. 20, 1862; ml o. July 
7, 1863. Detailed as Wagoner Brigade Headquarters 
'May 30, 1863 to June 11, 1863. Slightly wounded in 
Battle Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. Died Oct. 16, 
1895. 

TILDEN, JOHN G., Private. Spar Maker, age 22, single, 
Charlestown ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Sept. 16, 1906. 

TOUNGE, ROBERT B., Private. Mason, age 30, married, 
Swampscott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Discharged March 28, 1863, disabihty, injury received 
Battle kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) 
Corporal resigned Jan. 5, 1863. 

WATSON, GEORGE W., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Swampscott ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

WELLINGTON, JOSEPH D., Private. Organ Builder, age 
37, married. East Cambridge; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. 
Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

WHITCOMB, HENRY C, Private. Stereotyper, age 31, 
single, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed Regt. Band. 

WHITCOMB, JOHN D., Private. Printer, age 28, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
Julv 7, 1863. Detailed Regt. Band. 



512 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

WILDER, FRANCIS W., Private. Provision Dealer, age 29, 

niarried, Charlestown ; en. Oct. 7, 18(32 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
WILEY, EDWIN P., Private. Mason, age 20, single, Swamp- 

scott; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. 
WILLIAMS, JOHN H., Private. Plasterer, age 38, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Killed 

Dec. 14, 1862 at Battle Kinston, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
WILSON, SYLVESTER E., Private. Bookkeeper, age 24, 

single, Charlestown; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 



Company if 

EDWARD F. DALAND, Captain. Merchant, age 26, 

single, Boston; com. Sept. 11, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died Oct. 7, 

1892. 
SAMUEL C. ELLIS, First Lieutenant. Civil Engineer, age 

26, single, Boston; com. Sept. 11, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See E. 2d Hy. Art.) 
THEODORE C. HURD, Second Lieutenant. Lawyer, age 25, 

married, Framingham ; com. Sept. 11, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862;m. O.July 7, 1863. 
MARSHALL L. EATON, First Sergeant Farmer, age 30, 

married, Sudbury ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 11, 1894. 
HOMER ROGERS, Sergeant. Student, age 22, single, 

Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Nov. 10, 1907. 
SAMUEL F. DRAPER, Sergeant. Machinist, age 27, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862:, 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
JOSIAH WALLACE TILLSON, Sergeant. Clerk, age 19, 

single, Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded in head at 

Battle Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. 
JOSEPH H. BIRD, Sergeant. Carpenter, age 28, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
ARTHUR DAKIN, Corporal. Machinist, age 22, single, 

Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Color Corporal. Died May 21, 1896. 
IRA B. FENTON, Corporal. Farmer, age 30, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
CHARLES W. HALL, Corporal. Shoemaker, age 24, 

married, Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ;w. O.July 7, 1863. 
BRADLEY HEMENWAY, Corporal. Farmer, age 26, 

single, Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
NELSON H. HOWE, Corporal. Machinist, age 23, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See 14th Battery.) Killed before 

Petersburg, Va. 

513 



514 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

LUTHER S. JOHNSON, Corporal. Clerk, age 21, single, 
Nahant ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

HENRY D. PARMENTER, Corporal. Farmer, age 28, 
single, Wayland; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 18, 1907. 

MARTIN H. PARKINSON, Corporal. Machinist, age 27, 
single, Framingham ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in Philadelphia. 

FRANK H. HUNT, Musician. Clerk, age 18, single, Sud- 
bury ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. 

ALBERT B. RICHARDSON, Musician. Miller, age 19, 
single, Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in Sudbury. 

BABB, CHARLES N., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Lynn; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See 11th Battery, 3 years.) 

BACON, ASA B., Private. Farmer, age 41, married, Sudbury ; 
en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Died in 1889. 

BARBER, EPHRAIM O., Private. Farmer, age 33, married, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

BIRD, CHARLES H., Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died March 6, 1901. 

BIRD, FRANK D., Private. Farmer, age 28, single, Fram- 
ingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

BOND, EDWARD P., Private. Teamster, age 32, married, 
Wayland; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged June 22, 1863, by Major General Foster, for 
Civil Appointment. (See M. O. R.) See E 20th Regt. 
Died at Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. 

BRACKETT, ORIN T., Private. Age 21, single, Framing- 
ham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. Dead. 

BROWN, EDGAR, Private. Butcher, age 21, single, Natick; 
en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

BROWN, LEVI F., Private. Teamster, age 33, single, 
Boston; en. Oct. 7, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 (transferred 
from Company I., Oct. 21, 1862) ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
(See F 45th Regt. 9 mos.) 



ROSTEB 515 

BUTTERFIELD, JAMES B., Private. Farmer, age 22, 
single, Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 12, 1907. 

CHENEY, JEFFERSON W. JR., Private. Clerk, age 27, 
single, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 2(), 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 

CHENEY, HERMAN F., Private. Farmer, age 26, single, 
Framingham ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Died Jan. 29, 1863, congestive fever, at Stanley Hospi- 
tal, Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 

CHICK, JAMES, Private. Farmer, age 23, single, Framing- 
ham ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. Dead. 

CHILDS, GEORGE H., Private. Farmer, age 20, single, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

CLARK, CHARLES A., Private. Druggist, age 38, married, 
Boston; en. Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862. Dis- 
charged April 23, 1863, disabihty, Newbern, N. C. 
(See M. O. R.) 

CLOYES, JOSEPH C, Private. Stone Cutter, age 28, single, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

CREELMAN, JAMES M., Private. Waiter, age 20, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Wounded slightly in the side Battle 
Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. Dead. 

CUTTEN, DANIEL, Private. Blacksmith, age 19, single, 
Boston; en. Oct. 21, 1862; m. i. Oct. 21, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

D ALTON, JOSEPH G., Private. Civil Engineer, age 34, 
single, Roxbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; )n. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

DEAN, THOMAS A., Private. Shoemaker, age 18, single, 
Wayland; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See K 42d Regt., 100 days.) Dead. 

DELANY, ROGER, Private. Blacksmith, age 22, single, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. (See E 28th Regt. Letter Town Clerk 
Framingham in war record bureau folio, Nov. 14, 1904-5.) 

EATON, JOHN H., Private. Farmer, age 24, single, Sud- 
bury ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. 



516 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

FAIRBANKS, FRANK P., Private. Shoemaker, age 18, 
single, Wayland ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 25, 1906. 
FANNING, MICHAEL L., Private. Shoemaker, age 43, 
single, Framingham ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; ni.i, vSept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 6. 1899. 
GIBBS, LORENZO, Private. Farmer, age 33, married, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 19. 1892. 
OILMAN, JOSEPH, Private. Age 34, Boston; en. Oct. 23, 
1862; m. i. Oct. 23 , 1862. Deserted Oct. 24, 1862 from 
camp at Readville,Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
GOODNOW, ALFRED C, Private. Shoemaker age 18, 
single, Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; in. o. July 7, 1863. 
HAGER, GEORGE F., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HAYNES, GEORGE H., Private. Carpenter, age 27, single, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HEMENWAY, HENRY N., Private. Farmer, age 21, 
single, Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26. 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died July 17, 1881 . 
HILLS, WILLIAM K., Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 
Wayland; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died May 30, 1890. 
HOLT, SAMUEL M., Private. Farmer, age 37, married, 
Andover; en. Sept. 17, 186 2; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 
HOLTHAM, JOSEPH, Private. Operative, age 20, single, 
Framingham; en. Oct. 7, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7; 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (Transferred frcm Ccm.pany I., Oct. 21, 
1862.) 
HOSMER, DAVIS N., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Died Feb. 1, 1863, typhoid fever Stanley Hospital 
Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
HOSMER, SYLVESTER G., Private. Farmer, age 25, 
married, Southborough ; en. Oct. 7, 1862; ni. i. Oct. 7, 
1862: m. a. July 7, 1863. (Transferred from Company I., 
Oct. 21, 1862.) Died Aug. 27, 1891. 



ROSTEB 517 

HOWE, E. FRANKLIN, Private. Baker, age 31. single, 

Framingham; en. Oct. 7, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (Transferred from Company I., Oct. 21, 

1862.) Dead. 
HUBBARD, MARTIN J., Private. Shoemaker, age 30, 

married, vSoutliborough ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in 1889. 
JOHNSON, EDMUND B., Private. Farmer, age 30, single, 

Nahant; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
JOHNSON, EDWARD J., Private. Fisherman, age 30, 

married, Nahant; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. Died July 14, 1901. 
JOHNSON, EDWIN W., Private. Clerk, 19, single, Nahant; 

en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. a. July 7, 1863. 
JOHNSON, HERVEY S., Private. Farmer, age 19, single, 

Nahant; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died April 29, 1905. 
JOHNSON, SYDNEY C, Private. Student, age 19, single, 

Nahant; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

Julv 7, 1863. 
JOHNSON, WELCOME J., Private. Farmer, age 30, single, 

Nahant; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
JONES, THEODORE A., Private. Shoemaker, age 18, 

single, Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
KELLEY, MARTIN, Private. Age 22, married, Framing- 
ham ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 

1863. (See I 58th Regt.) 
LADD, CHARLES H., Private. Farmer, age 20, single, 

Andover; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See I 3d Hy. Art.) 
LUKER, JOHN, Private. Laborer, age 32, married, Cam- 
bridge ; en. Oct. 27, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 27, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 

1863. (See K 16th Regt., G 2d Hy. Art.) Died Sept. 9, 

1902. 
McDonald, JAMES, Private. Tailor, age 34, married, 

Boston; en. Oct. 27, 1862; m. i. Oct. 27, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
McGRATH, WILLIAM, Private. Farmer, age 22, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 27, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. See McMarth and Mc as McGrath, 

Company G 4th Hy. Art. 



518 THE FOHTY-FIFTU REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Mcknight, EDWARD, Private. Farmer, age 28, married, 

Southborough ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 27, 1862; 

ni. o. July 7, 1863. Wounded in right arm Battle Kinston, 

N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See D 2d Cav.) 
McNAMARA, WILLIAM, Private. Farmer, age 22, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
MERRILL, JAMES W., Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 

Andover; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 

Jan. 20, 1S63, congestive fever, at Stanley Hospital, 

Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
MOORE, CHARLES H., Private. Farmer, age 24, single, 

Marlborough ; en. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. (Transferred from Company I., Oct. 21, 

1862.) 
NEWTON, NATHAN J., Private. Farmer, age 19, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
NIXON, MARCELLUS, Private. Farmer, age 29, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
PUFFER, ALPHEUS, Private. Carpenter, age 22, single, 

Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 4, 1901. 
PUTNEY, HENRY M., Private. Expressman, age 23, 

single, Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 

1862. Died April 28, 1863, at Newbern, N. C, of wounds 

received in action at Dover Cross Roads, N. C. (See 

M. O. R.) 
REDDY, DANIEL, Private. Farmer, age 38, married, 

Framingham; en. vSept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Deserted Nov, 3, 1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. 

(See M. O. R.) 
RHOADES, ANSON A., Private. Operative, age 24, married, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
ROBINSON, ALEXANDER, Private. Age 28, Boston; en. 

Oct. 25, 1862; m. i. Oct. 25, 1862. Deserted Oct. 26, 

1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
RUSSELL, THEODORE F., Private. Farmer, age 18, 

single, Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 

1862. Died May 25, 1863, disease, at Stanley Hospital, 

Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 



EOSTER - 519 

ROYAN, JOHN O., Private. Farmer, age 35, married, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See G 58th Regt.) 
SCOTT, WILLIAM, Private. Farmer, age 19, single, Sud- 
bury ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 

1863. 
SPALDING, CHARLES C, Private. Farmer, age 24, 

single, Sudbury; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
TAFT, GEORGE H., Private. Farmer, age 35, married, 

Framingham; eji. Sept. 17, 1862; in. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See I 2d Hy. Art.) Dead. 
TEMPLE, WILLIAM E., Private. Farmer, age 30, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
THOMSON, LE ROY B., Private. Jeweller, age 23, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
TOWER, FREEMAN A., Private. Operative, age 22, single, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in 1880. 
VALENTINE, WALTER, Private. Age 22, single, Boston; 

en. Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See 14th Battery.) 
VOSE, ABNER S., Private. Farmer, age 29, married, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
WALKUP, JOEL M., Private. Farmer, age 35, married, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See 14th Battery.) 
WASHBURN, THOMAS, Private. Shoemaker, age 37, 

married, Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 18()2; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862. Discharged Dec. 11, 1862, disability, at Boston, 

Mass. (See M. O. R.) Dead. 
WHITE, WELLINGTON S., Private. Farmer, age 18, 

single, Framingham; eti. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See I 2d Hy. Art., C 17th 

Regt.) Dead. 
W^HITE, WILLIAM F., Private. Farmer, age 42, married, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See I 2d Hy. Art., C 17th Regt.) 

Died Dec. 25, 1900. 



520 THE FOBTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

WHITNEY, LORENZO P., Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 

Nahant ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
WINCH, EDWIN A., Private. Farmer, age 24, married, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
WINCH, HENRY F., Private. Farmer, age 27, married, 

Framingham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 



Company (5 

JOSEPH MURDOCH, Captain, Age 52, married, Roxbury; 

com. Sept. 13, 18G2 ; m. i. Sept. 20, 1802; m. o. July 7, 

1863. Served on Staff of General Amory Dec. 1, 1862 to 

June 22, 1803. (See Boston Cadets.) Died April 27, 

1884. 
THEODORE A. THAYER, First Lieutenant. Age 24, single, 

Boston; com. Sept. 13, 1802; m. i. Sept. 26, 1802; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. In command of Company from Dec. 1, 

1862 to June 22, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died May 

16, 1898. 
BENJAMIN H. TICKNOR, Second Lieutenant. Age 20, 

single. West Roxbury; com. Sept. 13, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862. Resigned and discharged May 31, 1863 at New- 

bern to accept promotion. (See E 2d Heavy Artillery.) 
MOSES EVERETT WARE, Second Lieutenant. Clerk, age 

21, single, Roxbury ; com. June 1, 1863 ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; 

m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. First Sergeant 

to June 1, 1863. (See B 4th Battery Infantry. H 6th 

Regt., 100 days.) Died April, 1907. 
GEORGE THATCHER, First Sergeant. Manufacturer, age 

24, married, N. Bridgewater ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. 

Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Sergeant, First Ser- 
geant June 1, 1863. Oied Jan. 15, 1897. 
THOMAS R. ROACH, Sergeant. Solicitor of Patents, age 38, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
JAMES E. DAY, Sergeant. Glass Stainer, age 32, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
CHARLES H. MANNING, Sergeant. Clerk, age 21, single. 

West Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 20, 1862. 

Died June 21, 1863 of typhoid fever at Newbern, N. C. 

(See M. O. R.) 
RICHARD C. CHASE, Sergeant. Student, age 18, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Corporal Sergeant June 1, 1863. 
EPHRAIM STEARNS, Sergeant. Clerk, age 23, single, Wal- 

tham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 20, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. Corporal Sergeant June 21, 1863. 

521 



522 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

GEORGE G. ADAMS, Corporal. Salesman, age 25, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Color Corporal. Dead. 
AMOS A. BREWSTER, Corporal. Clerk, age 19, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
JAMES W. CHAMPNEY, Corporal. Artist, age 19, single, 

Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died May 1, 1903. 
THOMAS P. SMITH, Corporal. Printer, age 24, single, 

Waltham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
NATHAN WARREN, Corporal. Clerk, age 24, single, Wal- 
tham ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; in. o. July 

7, 1863. 
SAMUEL E. WETHERBEE, Corporal. Engraver, age 24, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 19, 1894. 
SAMUEL WARD JAQUES, Corporal. Clerk, age 21, single, 

Somerville; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Private. Corporal June 1, 1863. 
JOHN D. FLYNN, Corporal, Artist, age 24, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Transferred from Company I Oct. 24, 1862. Private. 

Corporal June 21, 1863. (See B 33d Regt. G 2d Regt.) 
DAVIS H. PACKARD, Musician. Machinist, age 19, single, 

North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862;w. O.July 7, 1863. (See F 58th Regt.) Died in 1902. 
MARCUS H. REYNOLDS, Musician. Machinist, age 18, 

single. North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 

26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See 12th Regt. A 39th 

Regt. M 32d Regt.) 
ALLEN, GEORGE E., Private. Shoemaker, age 18, single. 

North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See F 5Sth Regt.) Died at 

Petersburg, Va. 
BARKER, GEORGE T., Private. Printer, age 35, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o, 

July 7, 1863. Died March 2, 1901. 
BENT, WILLIAM Q., Private. Blacksmith, age 25, single, 

Quincy; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 16, 1907. 
BRETT, WILLIAM S., Private. Machinist, age 18, single, 

N. Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See K 58th Regt.) 



ROSTER 523 

BROWN, EDWARD W., Private. Bookseller, age 31, mar- 
ried, Belmont; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Died 1908. 

BROWN, WILLIAM F., Private. Mason, age 20, single, 
S. Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See C 4th Heavy Artillery.) 

BRYANT, WILLIAM ELLIS, Private. Blacksmith, age 18, 
single, N. Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862. Discharged June 2, 1863 by General Foster to 
re-enlist in 2d Heavy Artillery. (See M. O. R. See D 2d 
Heavy Artillery.) Died May 31, 1896. 

BURNS, DANIEL W., Private. Carpenter, age 26, married, 
Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

BUTTRICK, CHARLES, Private. Painter, age 3-1, married, 
Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Transferred from Company I Oct. 24, 1862. 
Died March 18, 1907. 

CAIN, JONATHAN D., Private. Boatman, age 20, single. 
Quincy; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o, 
July 7, 1863. Died 1900. 

CHANDLER, SIDNEY, Private. Mason, age 19, single, N. 
Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. Sept. 26, 1862; ni. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

CROCKER, CHARLES A., Private. Shoe Maker, age 18, 
single, N. Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See D 58th Regt.) 

COWAN, ALBERT I., Private. Farmer, age 23, single, 
Brookline; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See C 61st Regt.) 

CUMMINGS, CHARLES L., Private. Clerk, age 23, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 22, 1880. 

DAMON, ENSIGN B., Private. Shoemaker, age 32, mar- 
ried. South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See L 2d Hy. Art.) 

DAMON, FREEMx\N, Private. Carpenter, age 40, married. 
South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

EICHHORN, ERNST FREDERICK, Private. Baker, age 
34; single, Hingham ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

FARROW, CHARLES H., Private. Shoemaker, age 40, 
married. South Scituate ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died April 1905. 



524 THE FOIITY-FIFTII REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

PASS, HENRY, Private. Tailor, age 24, single, Boston; en. 

Sept. 15, 1SG2 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
FIELD, RICHARD, Private. Awl Maker, age 27, single. 

North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
FISHER, AVON ESTEY (Aaron E., correct name). Private. 

Lawyer, age 25, single, Roxbury ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. 

Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged May 13, 1863 for promotion, 

Second Lieutenant on General Leddies' Staff. (See 

M. O. R.) Died Oct. 25, 1901. 
FORD, JOSEPH N., JR., Private. Broker, age 24, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 22, 1886. 
FROST, G. FRANK, Private. Student, age 18, single, Wal-^ 

tham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. Died April 2, 1906. 
GIBBS, ANDREW C, Private. Awl Maker, age 19, single, 

North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ; m. a. July 7, 1863. (See F 58th Regt.) 
GROVER, JOHN G., Private. Painter, age 25, single, Bos- 
ton; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7. 1863. Died May 1889. 
HERSEY, FRANCIS, Private. Cooper, age 27, single, 

Hingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Sept. 2, 1898. 
HEWES, JOSHUA C, Private. Cabinet Maker, age 36, 

single, Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
HOB ART, iVLBERT I., Private. Gentleman, age 35, mar- 
ried, Tisbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
HODGKINS, MOSES D., Private. Car Driver, age 43, mar- 
ried, Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m.o. July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 1902. 
HUNNEMAN, JAMES C, Private. Clerk, age 29, single, 

Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See Navy, 3d U. S. Art.) 
HUNNEMAN, JOSEPH H., JR., Private. Clerk, age 24, 

single, Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See H 6th Regt., 100 days.) • 
JONES, ABBOTT L., Private. Stone Cutter, age 35, mar- 
ried, Quincy ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; ni. a. 
July 7, 1863. Died July 16, 1868. 



ROSTER 525 

KEMP, GEORGE D., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, Rox- 

bury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 

7, 1863. (See 14th Battery.) 
KENDALL, JOHN W., Private. Carpenter, age 32, mar- 
ried, Roxbury, en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m o. July 7, 1863. 
KILBURN, THOMAS H., Private. Student, age 18, single. 

South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
KIMBALL, GEORGE P., Private. Clerk, age 26, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See U. S. Art.) Died Sept. 27, 1907. 
LEE, PATRICK, Private. Cabinet Maker, age 21, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
LITCHFIELD, ALFRED B., Private. Shoemaker, age 25, 

single, South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m.i. Sept. 26, 

1862 ;m. a. July 7, 1863. 
LITCHFIELD, EDWIN M., Private. Shoemaker, age 18, 

single. South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
LITTLE, HENRY O., Private. Clerk, age .28, married, 

Hingham ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Sept. 25, 1895. 
LORING, AUGUSTUS B., Private. Machinist, age 22, mar- 
ried. North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 

26, 1862; m. a. July 7, 1863. Died in 1904. 
LOWRY, WILLIAM, JR., Private. Rope Maker, age 27, 

single, Hingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
MAGUNE, ROBERT S., Private. Painter, age 21, single. 

North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26,. 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
MARSH, JOSIAH L., Private. Butcher, age 32, married, 

Hingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7. 1863. Died in 1887. 
MAYHEW, JOHN R., Private. Sail Maker, age 21, single, 

Hingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
MORSE, EDMUND B., Private. Shoemaker, age 21, mar- 
ried, Edgartown; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
MORSE, LLEWELLYN, Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Waltham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Transferred from Company I Oct. 24, 1862. 



526 THE FOETY-FIFTU REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

NICHOLS, ADDISON F., Private. Farmer, age 19, single, 

South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 2(3, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See I 58th Regt.) Dead. 
OLNEY, DANFORTH K., Private. Age 31, Southbridge ; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. July 7, 1863. 

Detailed in Band. Died Nov. 1, 1886. 
PACKARD, MOSES A., Private. Farmer, age 19, single. 

North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; w. o. July 7, 1863. 
PAGE, C. ROBINSON, Private. Painter, age 33, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
PAGE, LUKE J., Private. Mason, age 28, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died April 22, 1902. 
PAYNE, REUBEN H., Private. Shoemaker, age 19, single. 

South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
PENDERGAST, DANIEL, Private. Rope Maker, age 27, 

married, Roxbury ;^;z. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
PRATT, NATHAN C, Private. Boot Maker, age 41, mar- 
ried, Quincy ; en. Sept. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
PRATT, SETH W., Private. Book Binder, age 19, smgle, 

Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
SHAW, JONATHAN WARREN, Private. Seaman, age 22, 

single. North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 

26 1862. Discharged June 2, 1863 by General Foster to 

re-enlist 2d Hy. Art. (See M. O. R. See D 2d Hy. Art.) 
SOULE, LEWIS M., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, Quincy ; 

en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See G 2d Hy. Art.) 
SOUTHER, JAMES, Private. Rope Maker, age 39, single, 

Hingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died in 1895. 
SPRAGUE, ARTEMAS, Private. Cabinet Maker, age 29, 

single, Hingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died June 2, 1903. 
STACKPOLE, FREDERICK W., Private. Clerk, age 21, 

single, Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See H 6th Regt., 100 days.) 



BOSTER 527 

STEVENS, JOHN, Private. Clerk, age 23, single, Roxbury; 
en. Sept. 15, 1S()2; m. i. Sept. 26, 1S62; m. o. July 7, 18G3. 

STORER, ROBERT W., Private. Clerk, age 22, single, Bos- 
ton ; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. July 7, 
1863. (See H 6th Regt., 100 days.) 

STOWELL, JOHN, Private. Jeweller, age 28, married, 
Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See D 59th Regt.) Died in Danville 
Prison. 

STOWELL, JOSIAH W., Private. Tinman, age 25, married, 
Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
. July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 12, 1908. 

TAYLOR, FRANK H., Private. Clerk, age 21, single, Rox- 
bury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. 

TOTMAN, ANDREW W., Private. Teamster, age 23, mar- 
ried, Hanover; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

TOTMAN, JOHN F., Private. Farmer, age 20, single. South 
Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died June 17, 1892. 

TRIBOU, CHARLES E., Private. Farmer, age 37, married, 
North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See I 58th Regt.) 

TROBITZ, EDWARD, Private. Baker, age 31, single, Hing- 
ham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Died. 

TULLEY, HERBERT J., Private. Rope Maker, age 23, 
single, Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

VOSE, WILLIAM H., Private. Shoemaker, age 19, single, 
North Bridgewater; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862. Discharged June 2, 1863 by General Foster to 
re-enhst 2d Hy. Art. (See M. O. R. See L 2d Hy. Art.) 

WALES, B. READ, Private. Student, age 20, single, Dor- 
chester; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
Julv 7, 1863. (See K 42d Regt., 100 days, [as Benjamin 
R. Wales.] ) Died Aug. 31, 1901. 

WALL, DANIEL J., Private. Rope Maker, age 22, single, 
Hingham; en. Sept. 15, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Nov. 5, 1899. 

WEEKS, REUBEN, Private. Blacksmith, age 40, single, 
Roxbury; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 



528 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

WHITE, JOSEPH H., Private. Farmer, age 27, single, 

Quincy; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See F 2d Hy. Art.) 

WINSLOW, ALBERT, Private. Farmer, age 22, single. 

South Scituate; en. Sept. 15, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 



Company 1^ 

LEWIS W. TAPPAN, JR., Captain. Student, age 22, single, 
West Roxbury; com. October 14, 18G2; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. First Lieutenant Sept. 16, 
1862 ; promoted Captain Oct. 14, 1862. (See Boston 
Cadets.) Died April 7, 1897. 

ALFRED WINSOR, JR., First Lieutenant. Merchant, age 
24, single, Brookline ; com. Oct. 14, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863; promoted First Lieutenant 
Oct. 14, 1862. (See Boston Cadets.) 2d Lt, Sept, 16, 1862. 

ALBERT K. POST, Second Lieutenant. Student, age 19, 
single. New York; com. Oct. 14, 1862 ; en. Sept. 16, 1862; 
m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Private; pro- 
moted Second Lieutenant Oct. 14, 1862. Drowned at 
Long Branch trying to save a boy. 

OLIVER S. CLEVELAND, First Sergeant. Seaman, age 40, 
married, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See 16th Battery.) Died 
March 31, 1888. 

THEODORE PARKMAN, Sergeant. Chemist, age 25, single, 
Newton; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 2(), 1862. Color 
Sergeant. Killed Dec. 16, 1862, Battle Whitehall, N. C. 
(See M. O. R.) 

ALEXANDER BARNEY, Sexgeant. Seaman, age 21, single, 
Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

ALFRED H. KINSLEY, Sergeant. Gunsmith, age 24, single, 
Springfield; ^w. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See E 2d Hy. Art.) 

GIDEON F. SWAIN, Sergeant. Shoemaker, age 23, mar- 
ried, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

HENRY A. HINCKLEY, Sergeant. Clock Maker, age 44, 
married, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal. Sergeant Dec. 16, 
1862. Died Nov. 28, 1905. 

ROBERT CALDER, JR., Corporal. Carpenter, age 21, 
married, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

.'529 



530 THE FORTY-FIFTU REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

GEORGE H. ELLIS, Corporal. Carpenter, age 31, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded at Battle Kinston, N. C, 

Dec. 14, 1862. Died April 16, 1894. 
TIMOTHY B. FOLGER, Corporal. Carpenter, age 31, 

married, Nantucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded at Battle 

Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1863. 
JAMES H. VINCENT, Corporal. Farmer, age 20, single, 

Tisbury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
CHARLES L. INGRAM, Corporal. Porter, age 26, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 

Dec. 16, 1862, of wounds received at Battle Kinston, N. C, 

Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) 
CHARLES S. RUSSELL, Corporal. Carpenter, age 23, 

single, Nantucket; en. Oct. 7, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 

Died June 17, 1863, typhoid fever, Beaufort, N. C. (See 

M. 0. R.) Transferred from Company I, Oct. 21, 1862. 

Private. Corporal Dec. 14, 1862. 
FRANCIS M. FOLGER, Corporal. Seaman, age 35, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Private. Corporal Dec. 16, 1862. Slightly 

wounded Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. Dead. 
WILLIAM H. MACY, Corporal. Seaman, age 36, single, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Private. Corporal Dec. 16, 1862. Slightly 

wounded Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. Died 

Nov. 10, 1891. 
ALLEN McNABB, Corporal. Age 21, Boston; en. Oct. 29, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 29, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Private. 

Corporal March, 1863. 
WILLIAM F. CHADWICK, Musician. Drummer, age 16, 

single, Boston ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. 

o. July 7, 1863. 
CONRAD H. GERLACH, Musician. Fresco painter, age 18, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

w. o. July 7, 1863. (See A 42d Regt., 100 days.) Died 

in Tgx3.s 
ADAMS, WILLIAM C, Private. Seaman, age 32, single, 

Tisbury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 25, 1907. 
ALLEN, CALEB F., Private. Cooper, age 26, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died July 28, 1894. 



BOtiTElt 531 

ARNOLD, LYNDON C, Private. Age 19. single, St. Johns- 
burv, Vt. ; en. Oct. 22, 1862; m. i. Oct. 22, 1802; w. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

ATHEARN, ELIASHIL A., Private. Farmer, age 22, single, 
Tisbury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

BACON, ALLEN, Private. Farmer, age 18, single, Nantucket ; 
en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; ni. o. July 7, 1863. 

BEARSE, GILBERT A., Private. Farmer, age 20, single, 
Falmouth; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See F 3d Hy. Art.) Lost at sea, 1866. 

BRIGGS, CHARLES F., Private. Seaman, age 22, single, 
Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m.o. 
July 7, 1863. Died June 8, 1891. 

BROWN, ALFRED C, Private. Carpenter, age 27, single, 
Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died April, 1881. 

BROWN, GEORGE F., Private. Seaman, age 30, married, 
Nantucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Shot in California. 

BROWN, HENRY, Private. Seaman, age 32, single, Nan- 
tucket; ^7^. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m; o. July 
7, 1863. 

BURKE, HUGH, Private. Seaman, age 24, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

CLISBY, HENRY B., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 
Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 

COFFIN, OBED, Private. Seaman, age 45, married, Nan- 
tucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Discharged 
April 28, 1863, disability, at Boston. (See M. O. R.) 
Slightly wounded Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 
Dead. 

CROCKER, CHx\RLES W., Private. Seaman, age 23, 
married, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See L 2d Hy. Art.) 

CROCKER, SAMUEL F., Private. Engineer, age 44, mar- 
ried, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

CRAWFORD, SAMUEL C, Private. Carpenter, age 35, 
married, Nantucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862. Discharged Jan. 10, 1863, disabihty, at Boston. 
(See M. O. R.) (See H 58th Regt.) Died May 10, 1898. 



532 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

CUSHMAN, OLIVER, Private. Shoemaker, age 21, single, 
Nantucket; ejt. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded Battle Whitehall, N. C, 
Dec. 16, 1862. 

DAGGETT, EDWARD H., Private. Farmer, age 32, 
married, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 
1862. Killed Dec. 14, 1862, Battle Kinston, N. C. (See 
M. O. R.) 

ELLIS, CHARLES, Private. Seaman, age 20, single, Nan- 
tucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 
7, 1863. 

FISHER, ALBERT P., Private. Clerk, age 19, single, 
Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See D 58th Regt.) Dead. 

FOLGER, DANIEL W., Private. Seaman, age 23, single, 
Nantucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. /. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Feb. 27, 1863, disabihty, at Boston, did not leave 
Massachusetts. (See M. O. R.) (See C 19th Regt.) 
(See Navy.) 

FOX, JAMES, Private. Upholsterer, age 19, single, Nan- 
tucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 
7, 1863. (See H 1st Cav.) 

FRANCIS, JOSEPH W., Private. Seaman, age 28, married, 
Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 

FULLER, ANSEL E., Private. Carriage Maker, age 21, 
single, Falmouth ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. vSlightly wounded at Whitehall, N. C, 
Dec, 1862. 

GIBBS, STEPHEN S., Private. Farmer, age 19, single, 
Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Feb. 28, 1863, disabihty on account of wounds 
received at Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See 
M. O. R.) 

GROMER, HENRY, Private. Farmer, age 29, single, Tis- 
bury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged May 9, 1863, disabihty by General Foster at New- 
bern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) Dead. 

HALL, DAVIS, Private. Seaman, age 33, married, Nan- 
tucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged Apr. 3, 1863, disabihty, at Boston on account of 
wounds received at Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 
(See M. O. R.) Died March 31, 1906. 



ROSTER 533 

HARPER, JAMES, JR., Private. Bookkeeper, age 18, 

single, Boston ; en. Oct. 25, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 25, 1862 ; m. o 

July 7, 1863. 
HARVEY, GEORGE, Private. Seaman, age 24, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o 

July 7, 1863. 
HEWITT, HORACE, Private. Seaman, age 29, married; 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Absent, sick in Hammond Hospital, Beaufort, N. C, 

since June 24, 1863. Discharged from hospital Aug. 18, 

1863, and ordered to report to Adj. Gen. of Massa- 
chusetts. 
HODGES, ALBERT, Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HOLMES, CHARLES C, Private. Seaman, age 42, married, 

Nantucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 

June 24, 1863, of fever, Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
HOWE, WILLIAM M., Private. Wool Manufacturer, age 42, 

married, Tisbury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HUDSON, JAMES B., Private. Seaman, age 18, single, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26. 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HUSSEY, ALBERT M., Private. Silver Plater, age 19, 

single, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
JOHNSON, ABRAHAM H., Private. Farmer, age 26, single, 

Lexington; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 

JOHNSON, EDWARD H., Private. Clerk, age 21, single, 
New Fane, Vt. ; en. Oct. 7, 1862 ; w. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Dis- 
charged May 28, 1863, disabihty, at Newbern, N. C. (See 
M. O. R.) DiedMay 1, 1893. 

JONES, JOHN A., Private. Architect, age 19, single, 
Boston ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; m. o. July 
7, 1863. Detailed for Band. Died Jan. 27, 1901. 

KELLEY, JOHN E., Private. Barber, age 18, single, Boston ; 
en. Oct. 28, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862. Deserted Nov. 5, 
1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

LAMB, JOHN M., Private. Farmer, age 23, married, Nan- 
tucket; e«. Sept. 16, 1862: m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. July 
7, 1863. (See A 58th Regt.) 



534 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

LEWIS, SIMEON L., Private. Farmer, age 39, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i'. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
MANSFIELD, ALEXANDER, Private. Light-house Keeper, 

age 29, married, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. 

Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See H 56th Regt.) 
HARDEN, WILLIAM C, Private. Seaman, age 28, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Dis- 
charged May 9, 1863, disabihty, at Newbern, N. C. (See 

M. 0. R.) Died Apr. 8, 1888. 
McLERAN, JAMES R., Private. Gas Fitter, a-ge 30, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed for Band. 
MITCHELL, JOSEPH A., Private. Age 21, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; ni. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See H 3d Hy. Art.) 
MOORE, ALEXANDER P., Private. Age 26, Nantucket; 

en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Killed in Oct., 

1862, in railroad accident on Cape Cod Railroad before the 

regiment left Massachusetts. (See M. O. R.) 
MOREY, JOSEPH B., Private. Farmer, age 42, married, 

Nantucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. Died 

Feb. 15, 1863, of acute rheumatism, Newbern, N. C. 

(SeeM. O. R.) 
MORRILL, HORACE D., Private. Age 18, single, Boston,. 

en. Oct. 29, 1862; ni. i. Oct. 29, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died Apr. 15, 1884. 
MORTIMER, JOSEPH W., Private. Bookkeeper, age 22,, 

single, Boston; en. Oct. 24, 1862; m. i. Oct. 24, 1862. 

Deserted Nov.. 5, 1862, from camp at Readville, Mass.. 

(See M. O. R.) 
MUNN, CHARLES H., Private. Farmer, age 23, smgle,. 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See F 3d Hy. Art.) Dead. 
NEVINS, THOMAS, Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; w. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. (See E 1st Hy. Art.) Died in service. 
NICKERSON, LUCAS A., Private. Farmer, age 19, single,. 

Tisbury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1862. 
PARKER, WILLIAM H., Private. Cooper, age 37, smgle, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o.. 

July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 2, 1896. 



JIOSTER 535 

PEASE, WILLIAM W., Private. Farmer, age 42, married, 

Tisbury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 29, 1895. 
PIKE, CHARLES S., Private. Clerk, age 20, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; w. o. July 7, 1863. 

(Se E 2d Hy. Art.) 
PLACE, JONAS M., Private. Teamster, age 22, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
RAND, JOHN W., Private. Bricklayer, age 43, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o^ 

July 7, 1863. (See E 2d Hy. Art.) 
RAY, CHARLES F., Private. Block Maker, age 36, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
RAY, WILLIAM B., Private. Seaman, age 42, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See F 2d Cav.) Died May 18, 1889. 
REYNOLDS, CHARLES, Private. Seaman, age 26, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
ROBINSON, GEORGE, Private. Farmer, age 43, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; ni. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 12, 1885. 
ROBINSON, GEORGE K., Private. Teamster, age 18, 

single, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862. 

Died Dec. 18, 1862, at Kinston, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
SMITH, FRANCIS B., Private. Carpenter, age 32, married, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Oct. 22, 1896. 
SWELL, AUSTIN, Private. Age 28, married, Boston; en. 

Oct. 22, 1862; m. i. Oct. 22, 1862. Died Nov. 7, 1862, 

diphtheria at Boston, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
SNOW, GEORGE W., Private. Fisherman, age 18, single, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See L 2d Hy. Art.) Dead. 
SPENCER, GEORGE G. I., Private. Seaman, age 39, 

single, Nantucket ; en. Sept. 16, 1862 ; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See A 58th Regt.) Killed in battle. 
STEARNS, GEORGE, Private. Farmer, age 35, married. 

South Scituate; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862" 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 



536 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

SWAIN, JOHN T., Private. Age 18, Tisbury ; en. Sept. IG, 

1S02; m. i. Sept. 2(5, 1862. Discharged Oct. 18, 1862, 

on S. C. of D. Rejected Recruit. (See M. O. R.) Dead. 
SYLVESTER, GEORGE H., Private. Teamster, age 28, 

married, Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 

1862;m. O.July 7, 1863. 
SYMMES, JOHN H., Private. Age 28, single, Boston; en. 

Oct. 29, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 29, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
THOMPSON, JOHN, Private. Age 21, Boston; ew. Oct. 24, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 24, 1862. Deserted Oct. 24, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
TURNER, FRANCIS P., Private. Seaman, age 22, single, 

Nantucket; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded at Battle Kinston, N. C., 

Dec. 14, 1862. 
WALDRON, JOSEPH B., Private. Seaman, age 20, single, 

Tisbury; en. Sept. 16, 1862; m. i. Sept. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 



Company 3i 

CHARLES O. RICH, Captain. Clerk, age 2S, married. 

Boston; com. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 18()2; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Dead. 
JOHN DIXWELL THOMPSON, First Lieutenant. Broker, 

age, 26, single, Boston; com. Sept. 17, 1862; ni. i. Oct. 7, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1868. (See Boston Cadets.) Missing, 

supposed dead. 
EDWARD R. BLAGDEN, Second Lieutenant. Clerk, age 25, 

single, Boston; com. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed on Signal Corps Nov. 22, 

1862, to July 6, 1863. 
JOHN F. JACKSON, First Sergeant. Carpenter, age 28, 

married, Boston ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See G 1st Regt.) Dead. 
RENSSELLAER A. KNIGHT, Sergeant. Carriage Maker. 

age 26, single, Belmont; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7 

1862;m. O.July 7, 1863. 
PETER W. FREEMAN, JR., Sergeant. Student, age 18, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 

Died July 3, 1863, of fever at Boston. (See M. O. R.) 
EBENEZER GREEN, Sergeant. Farmer, age 40, married, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. October 7, 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. Died Aug. 15, 1902. 
ALONZO F. BENNETT, Sergeant. Jeweller, age 21, single, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Sergeant May 1, 1863. Died Oct. 10, 1905. 
WILLIAM H. FISHER, Corporal. Farmer, age 28, married, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See H 3d Hy. Art.) Dead. 
AARON A. BENNETT, Corporal. Teamster, age 21, mar- 
ried, Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m-. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See 14th Battery.) 
JAMES A. MARDEN, Corporal. Teamster, age 23, single, 

Windham, N. H. ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
EDWARD T. RUSSELL, Corporal. Expressman, age 36, 

married. West Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. 

Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died in 1894. 
WARREN K. SOUTHWICK. Corporal. Lawyer, age 27, 

single, Troy, N. Y. ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 

637 



538 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

EMANUEL HOLLANDER, Corporal. Clerk, age 27, mar- 
ried, Boston ; en. Oct. 24, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 24, 1862 ; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Corporal May 1, 1863. 
THEODORE L. KELLEY, Corporal. Stucco Worker, 
age 29, married, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Corporal May 1, 1863. (See 
K 57th Regt.) 
DAVID FADES, Corporal. Student, age 19, single, Wren- 
tham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7 
1863. Corporal May 1, 1863. 
EDMUND F. PARTRIDGE, Musician. Shoemaker, age 17, 
single, Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 
FRANCIS G. POND, Musician. Farmer, age 16, single, 
Milford ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 
1863. (See K 4th Hy. Art.) 
APPLE Y, OLIVER G., Private. Seaman, age 44, married, 
Hyannis; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m, o. 
July 7, 1863. Dead. 
BACON, HARVEY H., Private. Mason, age 32, married. 
West Cambridge; en. Oct. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 17, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. Transferred from Company G, Oct. 24, 
1862. Died Feb. 22, 1900. 
BAILEY, HENRY J., Private. Student, age 18, single, 
Milford; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. (See A 1st Battery Hy. Art.) 
BAKER, LEVI A., Private. Sail Maker, age 19, single, 
Barnstable; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 
BENDER, GEORGE W., Private. Hatter, age 22, single, 
Baltimore, Md. ; en. Oct. 11, 1862; m. i. Oct. 11, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. (See E 3d Hy. Art.) 
BENNETT, DAVID S., Private. Teamster, age 18, single, 
Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 
BLAKE, WILLIAM L., Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 
Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 
BLANCH ARD, JOHN H., Private. Clerk, age 18, single, 
Charlestown; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 
BOERDHOUSE, DENNIS, Private. Seaman, age 24, mar- 
ried, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Killed Dec. 16, 1862 at Battle Whitehall, N. C. (See 
M. O. R.) 



ROSTER 539 

BRIGHAM, FREDERICK G., Private. Clerk, age 18, 

single, Boston; en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 18G2; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
BROOKS, ALBERT, Private. Farmer, age 26, married, 
Boston; en. Oct. 21, 1862; m. i. Oct. 21, 1862. Died 
Dec. 17, 1862 at Kinston, N. C, of wound received in 
Battle of Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) 
(See M Report Dec, 1862.) 
BROOKS, FRANK, Private. Farmer, age 23, married, 

West Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 

Discharged Mar. 2, 1863, disability from wounds received 

at Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) 

Died June 12, 1902. 
BURNSIDE, ROBERT, Private. Age 18, Hingham ; en. 

Oct. 15, 1862; m. i. Oct. 15, 1862. Deserted Oct. 27, 

1862 from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

Transferred from Company G, Oct. 24, 1862. 
BUTTERS, EDWARD F., Private. Farmer, age 19, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See H 6th Regt., 100 days) 
CAMPBELL, JOHN G., Private. Seaman, age 26, Boston; 

en. Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See D 3d Hy. Art.) 
CASTLE, ANDREW J., Private. Machinist, age 26, married, 

Boston; en. Oct. 14, 1862; w. i. Oct. 14, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
CHAPMAN, ALVIN A., Private. Age 30, Boston; en. 

Oct. 21, 1862; m. i. Oct. 21, 1862. Deserted Oct. 30, 

1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

Transferred from Company F, Oct. 29, 1862. 
COBB, HENRY G., Private. Carpenter, age 30, married, 

Wrentham ; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

Julv 7, 1863. Dead. 
COLLYER, JOHN L., Private. Clerk, age 24, single, 

Gloucester; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Jan., 1889. 
COYNE, JAMES B., Private. Glass Cutter, age 27, married, 

Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

Julv 7, 1863. 
CUNNINGHAM, JOHN, Private. Mariner, age 31, married, 

Milton; en. Oct. 15, 1862; m. i. Oct. 15, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Transferred from Company F, Oct. 29, 1862. 
CUNNINGHAM, PATRICK, Private. Teamster, age 19, 

single, Milton; en. Oct. 15, 1862; m. i. Oct. 15, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Transferred from Company F, Oct. 29, 1862. 



540 THE FORTT-FIFTH BEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

DARLING, WILSON, Private. Farmer, age 33, married, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 26, 1886. 
DORRING, JOHN, Private. Seaman, age 31, single, Boston ; 

en. Oct. 13, 1862; m. i. Oct. 13, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See D 3d Hy. Art.) 
DUNN, MICHAEL, Private. Age 27, Cambridge; en. 

Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 11, 

1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
EATON, RUSSELL, Private. Seaman, age 41, married. 

West Dennis; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
FERGUSON, JOHN, Private. Baker, age 28, single, Melrose ; 

en. Oct. 14, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
FICKETT, MARK S., Private. Teamster, age 27, single, 

Belmont; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
FISHER, DANIEL W., Private. Farmer, age 20, smgle, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See D 42d Regt., 100 days.) 
FOSS, GEORGE A., Private. Hostler, age 18, single, 

Melrose; en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
FRENCH, THOMAS, Private. Printer, age 44, smgle, 

Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
FROST, REUBEN, Private. Butcher, age 36, married. 

West Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded in face Battle 

Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 
GLOVER, JOHN, Private. Carpenter, age 20, single, 

Boston ; en. Sept. 17, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 

1863. Corporal reduced May 1, 1863. (See 3d U. S. 
Art.) 

GORDON, FRANK, Private. Seaman, age 27, smgle, 

Boston; en. Oct. 22, 1862; m. i. Oct. 22, 1862. Deserted 

Oct. 25, 1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See 

M. 0. R.) 
GOSS, ARTHUR L., Private. Farmer, age 24, single. Rye, 

N. H.; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. a. July 7, 

1863. 
GREEN, NELSON S., Private. Farmer, age 26, married, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1682; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See A 56th Regt.) Killed in Wilderness 

in the 56th Regt. 



BOSTER 541 

HARMON, GEORGE W., Private. Printer, age 42, married 

Boston; en. Oct. 21, 1862; m. i. Oct. 21, 1862; m. o 

July 7, 1863. Transferred from Company F, Oct. 29, 

1862. Died Nov. 24, 1902. 
HARRIS, JAMEvS, Private. Seaman, age 33, single, Melrose; 

en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
H ARTE AGE, CHRISTIAN, Private. Seaman, age 22, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HALEY, THOMAS, Private. Farmer, age 21, Belmont; en. 

Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. a. July 7, 1863. 
HEMENWAY, FRANK W.. Prtvate. Farmer, age 17- 

single, Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. (See 19th ult. Company, 100 days as 

Frank.) 
HILL, AMOS W., Private. Clerk, age 22, single. West 

Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Sergeant reduced May 1, 1863. Died 

Sept. 7, 1896. 
HINES, WILLIAM, Private. Seaman, age 24, Boston; en. 

Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HOPKINS, FREEMAN D., Private. Photographer, age 34, 

married, Lowell; en. Oct. 15, 1862; m. i. Oct. 15, 1862; 

m.o. July 7, 1863. Transferred from Company H, Oct. 24 

1862. 
JOHNSON, PETER, Private. Seaman, age 26, Boston; en. 

Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862; m. a. July 7, 1863. 
KAIN JOHN, Private. Butcher, age 21, single, Boston; en. 

Oct. 13, 1862; m. z..Oct. 13, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See U. S. Signal Corps.) 
KEARNEY, JAMES, Private. Age 34, Cambridge; en. Oct. 

13, 1862; m. i. Oct. 13, 1862. Deserted Oct. 19, 1862, 

from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) (See 

K 16th Regt. and Company C 17th Regt.) 
KENDALL, CHARLES P., Private. Blacksmith, age 22, 

single, Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 10, 1905. 
KINGSLEY,' SAMUEL C, Private. Clerk, age 35, married, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
KROM, MARTIN, Private. Laborer, age 40, single, Ellen- 

ville, N. Y.; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 



642 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

LINNELL, ISAIAH B., Private. Seaman, age 18, single, 

Barnstable; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See 14th Battery.) 
LORD, JOSEPH B., Private. Farmer, age 18, single, 

Milton; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 

1863. (See H 3d Hy. Art.) 
MAGUIRE, CHARLES H., Private. Age 22, Cambridge; 

en. Oct. 11, 1862; m. i. Oct 11, 1862. Deserted Oct. 15, 

1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
MASON, EDWIN A., Private. Blacksmith, age 19, single, 

Wre'ntham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
MATHER, CALEB T., Private. Painter, age 25, married, 

Boston; en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See U. S. A. 3d Art.) 
McCREEDY JOHN, Private. Age 24, North Easton; en. 

Oct. 15, 1862; m. i. Oct. 15, 1862. Deserted Oct. 27, 

1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

Transferred from Company G, Oct. 24, 1862. 
McDonald, JAMES, Private. Farmer, age 21, single. 

West Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Jan. 15, 1905. 
McEWEN, ROBERT, Private. Mason, age 27, married, 

Boston; en. Oct. 23, 1862; m. i. Oct. 23, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See E 3d Hy. Art.) 
McGILVRAY, ANGUS, Private. Farmer, age 21, single, 

Newton;- en. Oct. 21, 1862; w. i. Oct. 21, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
McMANUS, BERNARD, Private. Age 22, Cambridge; en. 

Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1,862. Deserted Oct. 11, 

1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
MELCHER, JOSEPH K., Private. Music Printer, age 30, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
MILES, EDWARD, Private. Tailor, age 28, married, 

Philadelphia, Penn.; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
MILNER, JOSEPH F., Private. Clerk, age 42, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 

1863. Died in 1878. 

MYERS, JOHN, Private. Seaman, age 22, single, Melrose; 
en. Oct. 13, 1862; m. i. Oct. 13, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

MURPHY, JAMES, Private. Teamster, age 23, single, 
Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Killed 
Dec. 14, 1862 Battle Kinston, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 



EOSTEE 543 

MUNROE, CHARLES E., Private. Clerk, age 20, single, 
Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Died 
June 22, 1863, of fever, hospital, Newbern, N. C. (See 
M. O. R.) 

MULLEN, THOMAS, Private; en. Oct. 25, 1862; m. i. Oct. 25, 
1862. Deserted Oct. 30, 1862 at Readville, Mass.; 
surrendered May 10, 1865, under "President Proclama- 
tion" dated March 11, 1865; m. o. May 15, 1865 at Fort 
Independence. (See M. O. R.) 

NIVEN, PETER, Private. Seaman, age 23, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
Slightly wounded in arm Battle Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 
1862. 

PARSONS, CHARLES C, Private. Cabinet Maker, age 34, 
married, Manchester; en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 
1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Died May 28, 1891. 

PROCTOR, BENJAMIN, Private. Clerk, age 20, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Dis- 
chareed April 16, 1863, disability, by Major General 
Foster, Newbern, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 

gUERBACH, EBERHARD, Private. Seaman, age 31, 
married, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

REED, EDWARD F., Private. Cabinet Maker, age 19, 
single, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; w. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 
m. o. July 7, 1863. 

REED, WILLIAM H., Private. Salesman, age 18, single, 
Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 17, 1901. 

RICH, THOMAS P., JR., Private. Student, age 20, single, 
Boston; en. Oct. 31, 1862; m. i. Oct. 31, 1862; m. o. 
Julv 7, 1863. 

ROCHE, GEORGE, Private. Age 22, Cambridge; en. 
Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 11, 
1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 

ROCKWOOD, BENJAMIN H., Private. Farmer, age 23, 
married, Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Discharged May 27, 1863, disability from wounds re- 
ceived Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. 
O. R.) 

SCHWARTER, JOHN, Private. Seaman, age 26, smgle, 
Boston; en. Oct. 22, 1862; m. i. Oct. 22, 1862; m.- o. 
July 7, 1863. 



544 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. 21. 

SEARS, ALBERT A., Private. Jeweller, age 23, single, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died May 28, 1905. 
SEAVY, EDWIN, Private. Age 26, Boston; en. Oct. 14, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862. Deserted Oct. 16, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
SHAUGHNESSY, JOHN, Private. Seaman, age 23, single, 

Boston; en. Oct. 21, 1862; m. i. Oct. 21, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Transferred from Company P., Oct 29, 

1862. 
SPOFFORD, JOHiN A., Private. Pattern Maker, age 35, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed as Band Leader with rank 

as Sergeant. Died Feb. 10, 1898. 
STEARNS, GEORGE A., Private. Farmer, age 26, single, 

Belmont; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; w. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
SULLIVAN, DENNIS. Private. Farmer, age 30, married, 

Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See U. S. Signal Corps.) 
THAYER, EMERY, Private. Soldier, age 19, single, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1682; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See C 12th Regt., supposed to be the 

same man.) Died Jan. 11, 1899. 
WELSH, PATRICK J., Private. Age 27, Boston; en. 

Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 11, 

1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
WESTIE, CHARLES, Private. Seaman, age 30, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See C 2d Hy. Art.) 
WHITNEY, MYRON W., Private. Musician, age 26, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed for Band. 
WHITTEMORE, HENRY W., Private. Merchant, age 40, 

married. West Cambridge; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. 

Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
WILLIAMS, EDWARD B., Private. Tailor, age 36, married, 

Wrentham; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
WILSON, JACOB, Private. Seaman, age 24, single, Glouces- 
ter; en. Sept. 17, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
■ 1863. Slightly wounded in wrist Battle Whitehall, 
Dec. 16, 1862. (See Company C 2d Hy. Art.) Dead. 



Company ti 

GEORGE HENRY ROMANS, Captain. Agent, age 34, 

single, Boston; com.. Sept. 30, 1862; ni. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died Aug. 10, 

1890. 
CHARLES HAYWARD WALKER, First Lieutenant. Clerk, 

age 21, single, Boston; com. Sept. 30, 1862; w. i. Oct. 7, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died 

1901. 
JOHN HOWARD ROBINSON, Second Lieutenant. Sales- 
man, age 30, married, Newton; com. Sept. 30, 1862; w. i. 

Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
JAMES R. WALKER, First Sergeant. Clerk, age 19, 

single, Boston ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See B 4th Battery.) Dead. 
JAMES E. MAYNADIER, Sergeant. Lawyer, age 23, 

single, Boston ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; w. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See Boston Cadets.) Died in 1905. 
WILLIAM M. GOODRIDGE, Sergeant. Watch Maker, 

age 26, single, Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 

1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded in shoulder. 

Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec 14, 1862. 
JOHN TREAT, Sergeant. Merchant, age 31, single, Boston ; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

Died Sept. 13, 1893. 
WILLIAM H. WARD, Sergeant. Teacher, age 33, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Killed by accident Nov. 28, 1907. 
EDWARD HARRIS, Corporal. Book Binder, age 25, single, 

Brighton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
CHARLES E. VAN METER, Corporal. Student, age 18, 

single. New York; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See B-2d Regt.) Dead. 
THEODORE S. THOMPSON, Corporal. Student, age 20, 

single, Roxbury; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
FRANKLIN A. LADD, Corporal. Clerk, age 18, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 18(52; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 

545 



546 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

JOHN H. KEATING, Corporal. Trader, age 34, single, 

Boston; eti. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; ml o. 

July 7, 1863. Color Corporal. Died Dec. 5, 1897. 
CHARLES S. NEWHALL, Corporal. Clerk, age 20, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
WILLIAM J. RAND, Corporal. Hatter, age 24, single, 

Cambridgeport ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 

Died Jan. 24, 1863, at Stanley Hospital, Newbern, N. C, 

of wounds received in Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 

1862. (SeeM. O. R.) 
WILLIAM B. LEx\THERBEE, Corporal. Clerk, age 19, 

single, Boston; en. Oct. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 30, 1862; 

ni. o. July 7, 1863. 
ALBERT L. BOWEN, Musician. Scholar, age 16, single, 

Andover; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; w. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See H 3d Hy. Art.) Dead. 
THOMAS KELLEY, Musician. Glass Cutter, age 16, 

single, East Cambridge; en. Sept. 30, 1862; w. i. Oct. 7, 

1862 ; ni. o. July 7, 1863. (See B 2d Cav.) Died Dec. 24, 
1891. 

ABBOTT, JAMES, Private. Seaman, age 18, single, Beverly ; 
en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Discharged June 2, 

1863 to re-enhst in 2d Hy. Art. (See M. O. R.) (See 
A 2d Hy. Art., as James P. Abbott.) 

ALLEN, JOHN E., Private. Oysterman, age 33, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 19, 1899. 
AMES, JASON T., Private. Carpenter, age 36, married, 

Newton ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; ni. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; ni. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed as carpenter Nov. 24, 1862, 

wounded in face at Rouse's Station, N. C, April 28, 1863. 
BAGLEY, FRANK H., Private. Telegrapher, age 21, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

ni. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed as nurse Regiment Hospital, 

Jan. 1, 1863. Dead. 
BAILEY, HOLLIS A., Private. Moulder, age 39, married, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed as Pioneer Dec. 9, 1862. 
BAKER, JOHN C, Private. Cooper, age 39, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

Julv 7, 1862. (See Navy and F 22d Regt.) Died 

Sept. 8, 1892. 



EOSTEB 547 

BATES, ABNER N., Private. Seaman, age 18, single, 

Cohasset; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1803. (See Navy 01—713.) 
BLACKWELL, ELBRIDGE G., Private. Piano Maker, age 

39, married, Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1802; m. i. Oct. 7, 

1862;m. o. Julv7, 1803. 
BOSTON, CHARLES, Private. Age 28, Boston ; en. Sept. 30, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
BRIDGES, OREN, Private. Cooper, age 44, married, Bos- 
ton; en. Oct. 27, 1802; m. i. Oct. 27, 1862; m. o. July 7, 

1863. Detailed as Pioneer Dec. 9, 1862. 
BRITT, THOMAS, Private. Seaman, age 38, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See E 2d Hy. Art.) 
BROWN, GEORGE, Private. Age 27, Boston ; en. Sept. 30, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
BUBIER, JOSEPH E., Private. Photographer, age 18, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

w. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
GARY, PATRICK, Private. Age 27, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 

1862; m. z. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
CLARK, ALSON E., Private. Clerk, age 23, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
CONBOY, JAMES, Private. Age 19, Boston; en. Oct. 14, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862. Deserted Oct. 14, 1862, camp 

at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
CONNER, JAMES F., Private. Bar Tender, age 21, single, 

Boston; en. Oct. 29, 1862; m. i. Oct. 29, 1862; m. o. July, 

7, 1863. 
COOPER, GEORGE, Private. Laborer, age 25, married, 

Lowell; en. Oct. 27, 1862; m. i. Oct. 27, 1862. Killed 

Dec. 14, 1862, Battle Kinston, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
COSGROVE, HENRY, Private. Seaman, age 18, single, 

Boston; en. Oct. 20, 1862; m. i. Oct. 26, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See Navy 100-405.) . 
COUSENS, FRANKLIN H., Private. Clerk, age 18, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o' 

July 7, 1863. (See L 4th Hy. Art.) Died April 1 1 , 1900. 
DAILEY, JOHN, Private. Glass Maker, age 22, single, 

East Cambridge ; en. Oct. 28, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 30, 1862 ; 

w. o. July 7, 1863. (See 1 1th Battery.) 



548 THE FOBTT-FIFTS REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

DAVENPORT, THOMAS, Private. Organ Builder, age 30, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 

Deserted Oct. 31, 1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. 

(See M. O. R.) 
DAVIS, JOSIAH, Private. Carpenter, age 45, married, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died April 2, 1887. 
DEVINE, JAMES, Private. Teamster, age 19, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m.' i. Oct. 7, 1862. Dis- 
charged June 2, 1863 to re-enlist in 2d Hy. Art. (See 

M. O. R.) (See A 2d Hy. Art.) 
DOLAN, EUGENE, Private. Painter, age 21, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See M 2d Hy. Art.) 
DYKES, JOSEPH, Private. Polisher, age 38, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Enhsted as Joseph Dykes. His correct 

name is Joseph Dykes Robinson. Dead. 
ELDERD, JORDAN W., Private. Provision Dealer, age 37, 

married, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
ELLIS, GEORGE A. C, Private. Clerk, age 19, married,. 

Boston; en. Oct. 10, 1862; m. i. Oct. 10, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. (See C 56th Regt.) 
FERRIS, FRANK, Private. Hatter, age 33, married, Boston ;, 

en. Oct. 15, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 15, 1862. Discharged May 9, 

1863, disability, Newbem, N. C. (See M. O. R.) Dead. 
FITZGERALD, GEORGE, Private. Clerk, age 19, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See 4th Battery.) 
FLYNN, WILLIAM, Private. Clerk, age 18, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. a. July 7, 1863. 
FOSTER, ALBERT J., Private. Clerk, age 18, single, 

Roxbury; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Corporal Oct. 7, 1862, warrant annulled 

Dec. 2, 1862. Detailed clerk Stanley Hospital, Newbern, 

N. C, Nov. 28, 1862. 
FRANKLIN, FREEMAN, Private. Butcher, age 18, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See 16th Battery.) Died June 6, 1905. 
FREEMAN, LEMUEL, Private. Shoemaker, age 32, 

married. South Scituate; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 

1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. (See I 58th Regt.) Dead. 



EOSTER 549 

FRENCH, HIRAM F., Private. Tin Plate Worker, age 24, 

single', Boston; en. Oct. 10, 1862; m. i. Oct. 10, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Died Feb. 26, 1902. 
GEORGE, FRANCIS, Private. Age 31, Boston ; en. Sept. 30, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 31, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
GIPSON EDWARD H., Private. Clerk, age 33, married, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
GREENHALGH, WILLIAM. Private. Weaver, age 36, 

married, Shirley; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. (See I 4tli Hy. Art.) Died. 
HAMILTON JAMES, Private. Age 26, Brooklme; en. 

Sept. 30,' 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, 

from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
HARRINGTON, HENRY C, Private. Carpenter, age 36, 

married, Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
HARRIS EDWARD, 2d, Private. Age 22, Boston; en. 

Sept.' 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, 

from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
HAVLIN JOHN B., Private. Iron Moulder, age 27, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
HAWKSWORTH, JAMES, Private. Weaver, age 28, mar- 
ried, Shirley; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; w. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died Dec. 9, 1905. 
Hx\YES, JOHN E., Private. Clerk, age 18, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See nth Battery.) 
HOFFMAN, EDWARD, Private. Hair Dresser, age 29, 

married, Boston; en. Oct. 23, 1862; m. i. Oct. 23, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
HOLMES, THOMAS F., Private. Painter, age 18, single, 

North Sandwich ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; 

m. o. J'uly 7, 1863. (See B 59th Regt.) 
HOLT, HOSEA E., Private. Teacher, age 26, single, Keene, 

n' H ; en. Oct. 25, 1862; m. i. Oct. 25, 1862; m. o. July 7, 
1863. Died Oct. 18, 1899. 
HOUGHTON, LEWIS B., Private. Stabler, age 36, single, 
Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Dead. 
KELLEY, JOHN F., Private. Hatter, age 18, single, Boston; 
en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 



550 THE FORTY-FIFTH liEGIMENT, M. V. M. 

KIMBALL, REUBEN, JR., Private. Bookkeeper, age 32, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; ni. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
KINGSMILL, JAMES, Private. Age 24, Brooklihe ; en. 

Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
LANCKTON, CHARLES W., Private. Sign Painter, age 21, 

married, Boston; en. Oct. 14, 1862; m. i. Oct. 14, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. 
LANERGAN, MICHAEL, Private. Seaman, age 35, married, 

Boston; en. Oct. 28, 1862; m. i. Oct. 28, 1862. Deserted 

Oct. 31, 1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See 

M. O. R.) 
LONGLEY, EDWIN P., Private. Painter, age 18,. single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
MAHONEY, MICHAEL, Private. Age 18, Boston; en. 

Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, 

from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
MALEY, MICHAEL, Private.' Rope Maker, age 37, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See C 2d Hy. Art.) Dead. 
MARTIN, GEORGE W., Private. Hostler, age 23, single. 

West Cambridge; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7,. 1862; 

m. 0. July 7, 1863. Dead. 
McCarthy, JEREMIAH, Private. Age 40, Boston; en. 

Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Died Oct. 18, 1862. 
McDonald, albert. Private. Age 23 ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; 

m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. (Deserted Oct. 31, 1862 from camp 

at Readville, Mass.) Discharged to date Oct. 7, 1862. 

(See War Department letter June 2, 1898.) (See M. 0. R.) 
McDonald, THOMAS, Private. Ct:rrier, age 21, single, 

Boston; en. Oct. 24, 1862; m. i. Oct. 25, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Detailed as cook in Hammond Hospital, 

Beaufort, N. C, Dec, 1862. 
MERRILL, ALVAN A., Private. Painter, age 31, married, 

Boston ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Discharged 

June 1, 1863, on account of wounds received at Battle 

Kinston, Dec. 14, 1862. (See M. O. R.) Died July 13, 

1895. 
MOORE, DANIEL, Private. Age 31, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 

1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Discharged Nov. 5, 1862, having 

prolapsus ani of three years standing. (See M. O. R.) 



liOSTER 551 

MYERS, CHARLES A. M., Private. Student, age 18, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 18G2; m. i. Oct. 7, 18G2; m. o. 
July 7, 1863. 
OLIVER, JOSEPH N., Private. Blacksmith, age 24, single, 

Dorchester; en. Oct. 24, 1862; m. i. Oct. 24, 1862. Dis- 
honorably discharged July 7, 1863. (See letter War 

Department Mar. 23, 1895, and card on file.) 
OSLEY, LEWIS, Private. Seaman, age 33, single, Boston; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 31, 

1862, from camp at Readville. Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
PARKER, WILLIAM L., Private. Butcher, age 27, single, 

Cambridgeport ; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. 

Killed Dec. 14, 1862, Battle Kinston, N. C. (See M. O. R.) 
PARLIN ABEL R., Private. Shoemaker, age 31, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct, 7, 1862. Died 

Dec. 18, 1862 of wounds received Battle Kinston, N. C. 

(SeeM.b. R.) 
PERRY, GEORGE, Private. Clerk, age 21, smgle, Boston; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862 ; m. o. July 7, 1863. 
PURCELL, LEONARD, Private. Seaman, age 23, smgle, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
REED, WILLIAM J., Private. Age 40, married, Boston; 

en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 1863. 

(See E 2d Hy. Art.) 
REYNOLDS, CHARLES, Private. Age 25, Brooklme ; en. 

Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, 

from camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
RICE, DANIEL G., Private. Carpenter, age 34, married, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died May 4, 1880. 
RICH, GEORGE H., Private. Clerk, age 19, single, Newton! 

en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. a. July 7, 1863. 

(See B 42d Regt., 100 days.) 
RICKER GEORGE E., Private. Baker, age 19, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
RUSSELL, MICHAEL, Private. Laborer, age 42, married, 

Newton; ew. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. a. 

July 7, 1863. Slightly wounded Battle Kinston, N. C, 

Dec. 14, 1862. (See H 2d Cav.) Dead. 
SAUNDERS, JOHN, Private. Age 28, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 
1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7. 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 



552 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. 31. 

SERRUS, FRANK, Private. Seaman, age 28, married, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July?, 1863. 
SHERMAN, JAMES, Private. Seaman, age 29, single, 

Boston ; en. Sept. 30, 1862 ; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Discharged 

May 2, 1803, at Boston on account of wounds received 

at Battle Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. 
SHURTLEFF, CHAUNCY, Private. Grocer, age 44, married, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. Died March 17, 1879. 
SMITH, GEORGE, Private. Age 35, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
SMITH, JOSEPH, Private. Age 22, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted Oct. 7, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
STONE, FRANK F., Private. Clerk, age 17, single, Rox- 

bury; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. July 7, 

1863. 
STRONG, GEORGE P., Private. Contractor, age 33, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
SULLIVAN, MICHAEL, Private. Carver, age 20, single, 

Newton; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. (See D 23d Regt.) 
SWEENEY, JAMES M., Private. Student, age 18, single, 

Cohasset; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
WILLIAMS, JOHN, Private. Age 23, Boston; en. Oct. 21, 

1862; m. i. Oct. 21, 1862. Deserted Oct. 21, 1862, from 

camp at Readville, Mass. (See M. O. R.) 
WILLIAMS, THOMAS, Private. Seaman, age 19, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862. Deserted 

Oct. 14, 1862, from camp at Readville, Mass. (See 

M. O. R.) 
WORTHLEY, ALFRED W., Private. Clerk, age 20, single, 

Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; m. o. 

July 7, 1863. 
WRIGHTINGTON, WILLIAM R., Private. Clerk, age 19, 

single, Boston; en. Sept. 30, 1862; m. i. Oct. 7, 1862; 

m. o. July 7, 1863. Detailed as Adjutant's Clerk, Dec. 24, 

1862. 



i^mm and i^DDrcjSjscjsJ of t]^c ^urtibing 

iHembcr^ of tl^t 45tl) Eegimcnt, 01.W.M* 

a^ far ajs ftnott)n in \90S. 



St., 



Field and Staff 

Colonel, Charles R. Codman, 
Adjutant, Gershom C. Winsor, 
Sergeant Major, Henry G. Wheelock, 
Quartermaster Sergeant, Arthur Reed, 27 Kilby St., 

Company A 

2d Lieutenant, Edward B. Richardson, 
Orderly Sergeant, Charles W. Barstow, 
2d '■ George H. Watson, 

5th " Charles B. Sumner, 

Corporal, Augustus S. Lovett, 

Charles Eustis Hubbard, 28 State 

Henry K. Porter, 

Albert A. Chittenden, 

William B. Stacey, 

Henry E. Merriam, 
Private, Allen, Samuel L., 

Bates, Cyrus H., 

Bennett, Charles H., 

Berry, William H., 

Bliss, Henry S.. 

Bourne, Elias W., 150 Portland St 

Dean, Franklin H., 

Estabrook, George W., Old South 

Fitch, Calvin W., 

Ferguson, Rufus P., 

Gilman, Gardner, 

Goldsmith, Charles P., 

Hardy, Milo T., 

Howard, Charles A., 

Kinsley, Thomas, 

Lang, Silas W., 

Leonard, Charles H., 

Lincoln, Richard H., 

Mann, Albert W., 17 Milk St., 

Mason, James H., 

Morse, Edwin T., 

Morse, John R., 

Norton, Henry D., 

Pert, Daniel L., 

Pert, Francis B., 

Pert, William J., 

Plimpton, William P., 

553 



Brookline, Mass. 

Clielsea, " 
Brookline, " 
Boston, «' 



Brookline, Mass. 
St. Louis, Mo. 
New London, Conn. 
Claremont, Cala, 
Brookline, Mass. 
Boston, " 
Pittsburg, Pa. 
Dorchester, Mass. 
Boston, " 
Gardiner, Me. 
Shrewsbury, Mass. 
Cohasset, " 
Newton Centre, " 
Chelsea, " 
Bufealo, N. Y. 
., Boston, Mass. 

Hyde Park, " 
Building, Boston, " 

St. Louis, Mo. 

Beverly, Mass. 

Exeter, N. H. 

Manchester, Mass. 

Burton, Ohio. 

Thompsonville, Conn. 

Mattapan, Mass. 

Boston, " 
Providence, R. I. 
Dedham, Mass. 
Boston, " 
Southbridge, " 
Worcester, " 
Roxbury, " 
Centre Lincolnville, Me. 
Clielsea, Mass. 

Manchester, " 
. Southbridge, " 



55-i THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 

Private, Poland, William, Livermore, Colo. 

Putnam, Frank L., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Richards, William L., Hartford, Conn. 

Scudder, Henry B., Yakima, Wash. 

Shapleigh, Samuel B , Long Wharf, Boston, Mass. 
Shapleigh, Thomas W., North Cambridge, " 

Stanley, Jeffrey T., Manchester, " 

Thompson, Henry R., Arlington, " 

Vinal, Charles A., Dorchester, " 

Wheeler, Isaac G., Allston, " 
Whitney, L. Henry. North Cambridge, " 

Company B 

2d Lieutenant, Abijah HoUis, Concord, Mass.' 
Sergeant, George E. Skinner, 2S Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, " 

Corporal, Reuben J. Ryder, 9 Pembroke St., " " 

Fred. H. Freeman, 

Musician, William F. Boden, Avon, Mass. 

Private, Bancroft, George D., 252 West 43d St., New York City. 

Barnes, Daniel, Address unknown. 

Bartlett, Benjamin J., " " 
Bowman, Wm. H., 2183 Dorchester Ave., Mattapan, Mass. 

Bronsdon, William B., P. O. Box 254, Milton, " 

Campbell, William A., 3 Summer St., Cambridgeport, " 

Caswell, Henry P., Chicago, 111. 

Cunningham, Peter, New York City. 

Crowley, Dennis, Address unknown 

Davenport, Nathaniel T., Jr., Joliet, 111. 

Dunnican, Patrick, Address unknown. 

Emerson, John H. East Milton, Mass. 

Frieze, John B. Goff's Falls, N. H. 

Gage, David K., West Quincy, Mass. 

Glover, George G., Mattapan, " 

Gramer, Stephen, 40 Brent St., Dorchester, " 

Hammond, John T., Address unknown. 
Hatch, Ambrose P , Charles River Village, Mass. 

Hatch, Myrick L., Bedford Road, Concord, " 

Hersey, James A., Mattapan, " 

Higgius, John, Milton, " 

Jewett, Jonas W., Hartland, Me. 

Jones, Alvah T., Devight, 111. 

Jones, Benjamin F., Address unknown. 

Knowlton, George W., 70 Maple St., Waltham, Mass. 

May, Grosvenor, Address unknown. 

Merrill, William W., East Milton, Mass. 

Nickerson, Fred. A., Mattapan, " 

Ragan, Timothy O., North Natick, " 

Reed, John N., Jr., West Dedham, " 

Shoudy, Henry, Address unknown. 

Thompson, James H. W. Sumner, Me. 
Wallingford, William L., 322>^ Tremont St., Boston, Mass. 

Walker, Melvin O., West Stoughton, " 
Wellington, Henry F., 114 Newtonville Ave., Newton, " 

Whitney, Albert H., Quincy, N. H. 



NAMES AND ADDRESSES 



555 



Company C 



2d Lieutenant, Lewis R. Whitaker, 
Sergeant, Cliarles Smitli, 
Corporal, Edward P. Tucker, 

Nathan D. Jaquith, 25 Faneuil Hall Market, 



Franklin, Mass. 
Address unknown. 



Boston, Mass. 



Address unknown. 

Norwood, Mass. 

Dorchester, " 

Address unknown. 

Chelsea, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Newton, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



Samuel L. Hurlburt, 

Albert E. Dupee, 
Musician, John Knights, 18 Gibson St., 
Private, Adams, William W., 

Alexander, Andiew J., Soldiers' Home, 

Adams, Charles B., 

Bryant, Joseph B., 54 Jefferson St., 

Brigham, Lemuel W., 

Bacon, Joseph S., 

Burr, Charles E , 

Cole, George W., 

Clark, Samuel D., 

Calvin, Barton A.. 

Cole, Charles A., 

Casey, Stephen H., 

Freeman, Edmund H., 

Folsom, William H., 

Fisher, Walter M., 

Hodges, Frank F., Decker Bldg., .33 Union Sq., N. Y. City 

Holbrook, Joseph W , Address unknown 

Howard, Chas. D , ii <. 

Hunnewell, George G., " 

Hammond, George G., 172 Beacon St., Boston, Mass 

Hunnewell, Charles D., Hotel Effingham, " '' 

Kennason, Ira, 16 Forest St., Arlington Heights, " 

Lovejoy, George T., P. O. Box 114, Milford, N. H 

Address unknown 
F., 



Burryville, R. I. 

West Newton, Mass. 

Franklin, Mass. 



Murphy, Jeremiah, 

Murphy, William H 

Magee, Daniel, 

McNally, Michael, 

Newell, Duane, 

Niles, Jerome S., 

O'SuUivau, Michael, 

O'Neil, Michael 

Patrick, Charles P., 

Peck, Henry C, 

Pickering, Henry M., Shawmut Ave., 

Remick, William, 

Smith, Henry W., 74 Beach St., 

Stone, Joseph, 

Stanton, James, 

Safford, Asa, 

Temple, James H., 

Tobey, William W., 108 Pleasant St., 

Taylor, Charles H., 

Thompson, Lyford, 

Wales, Owen O., Congress St., 

Wheeling, John B., 

Williams, William M., 

Woods, William H. W., 



North Pembroke, Mass. 
Franklin, " 
Address unknown. 

Franklin, Mass. 

Boston, " 

Address unknown. 

Boston, Mass. 

Winchester, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



Cambridgeport, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Tilton, N. H. 

Milford, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



556 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



Company D 

Captain, N. Willis Bumstead, 60 State St., 

Sergeant, Willard L. Wellman, 

Corporal, Joseph A. Haskell, 217 Water St., 

Edward P. Lippincott, 13-21 Park Row, 

George L. Haines, 

Freeman H. Lothrop, 

Howard Chipman, 
Musician, William F. Mason, 
Private, Ames, Osmond, 

Bearse, Charles E., 

Blossom, Henry C. 

Bryant, Josiah, with Eastern Drug Co., 

Bussey, Benjamin F., 

Burgess, George A., 

Chipman, George A., 

Childs, Edward W., 

Crocker, Nelson S., 

Calvay, George B., 

Carret, Charles T., 79 Milk St., 

Fitch, David, 

Fifield, Watson H., 

Foss, James T., 

Fuller, David, 

Hamblin, James B., 271 Washington St 

Hamlen, Ezra, 19 Union Block, 

Hinkley, John B , 

Holmes, Charles E., 

Holmes, Isaac W.. 

Holway, Thomas E., 15 No. Market St., 

Hoar, Benjamin F., 

Jones, Hercules, 



Boston, Mass. 
Edgewood, R. I. 
New Haven, Conn. 
New York City. 
Sandwich, Mass. 
Barnstable, " 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Address unknown. 
Osterville, Mass. 
Centreville, " 
Address unknown. 
Boston, Mass. 
Winterport, Me. 
Plymouth, Mass. 
Brookline, " 
Centreville, " 
Marlboro', " 
Address unknown. 
Boston, Mass. 
Lexington, " 
Address unknown. 

Osterville, Mass. 

Newton, " 

Taunton, " 

Address unknown. 

Hyannis, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Boston, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Marston's Mill, Mass. 



Leighton, William F., 227 Sherman Ave., New Haven, Conn. 
McLaughlin, Geo. W., Kidder, Peabody & Co., Boston, Mass. 
Messer, William, Concord, " 

Nye, Hiram, Hyannis, " 

Norton, Damon W., Address unknown. 

Phinney, Captain Harrison G., Cotuitport, Mass. 

Richardson, Alvah M., 25 Bromfield St., Boston, " 

Reed, Arthur, 27 Kilby St., " " 

Simpson, Thomas O., New Bedford, " 

Tracey, William W., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 
Wheeler, Albert L., Sandwich, Mass. 

Wright, George W., Lexington, " 

Wright, Walter R., Sherborn, " 

Wright, WiHis L., Waltham, " 

Williams, Thomas, care Manning, Barnum Co., Meriden, Conn. 

Company E 

Captain, Thomas B. Wales, Wellesley Hills, Mass. 

1st Lieutenant, Alpheus H. Hardy, 1107 Tremont Bldg., Boston, Mass. 
Sergeant, Charles F. Hardy, care A. H. Hardy, '' 

Dr. Frank Wells, P. O. Box 111, 

Hiram F. Carleton, Clerk U. S. Dist. Court, Cleveland, O. 



NAMES AND ADDBESSES 



557 



Sergeant, Benjamin V. Coburn, 11 Marble St., 

George P. Ladd, 
Corporal, William D. Brackett, Jr., 82 Lincoln 

George C. Ricbards, 

Rufus Ricbardson, High St., 

William W. Bowman, 

George A. Wbite, 
Musician, William Sbields, Soldiers' Home, 
Private, Blancbard, Edward A., 

Blaucbard, Leonard, 

Blancbard, Horace, 

Brackett, Jobn E., 

Brown, William, 

Clark, George P., 

Crandall, Oscar C-, 

Douglass, Sylvester P. 

Ellis, Frederick O , 

Fisber, Daniel, 

Graves, George, Jr., 

Gay, George F., 

Glass, Joseph W., 

Hayes, Lemuel W , 

Hutchinson, Edward C, 

Knowles, William F., 

Lee, Joseph W., 

Molineux, Robert G., 5 Wabon St., 

Millett, Orlando B., 

Newcomb, Stephen A., 

Plimpton, Lewis F., 

Proctor. Martin C, 

Palmer, George F., 

Powell, James, 

Smith, George H , 

Sawin, Tbomas K., 

Sanborn, William H., 

Tongue, Robert B., 

Wellington, Joseph D., 

Wiley, Edwin F., 

Watson, George W., 

Whitcomb, John D., 324 Washington 

Whitcomb, Henry C, 85 Broad St., 

Wilson, Sylvester E., 



Roxbury, Mass, 

Spencer, " 

St., Boston, " 

West Gloucester, " 

Dedbam, " 

Lynn, " 

Sharon, " 

Chelsea, " 

Cliftondale, Mass. 

Swampscott, " 

(( it 

Everett, " 

Unknown. 
Newlon, Mass. 
Bristol, Vt. 
Swampscott, Mass. 
Braintree, " 
Surrey, England. 
Address unknown. 
Marshfield, Mass. 
Swampscott, '' 
New Bedford, " 
Chester Depot, Vt. 
Address unknown. 

Roxbury, Mass. 
Swampscott, " 

Florence, " 
Address unknown. 



West Newton, Mass. 
Swampscott, " 
Brockton, "- 
St., Boston, " 

Address unknown. 



Company F. 



Ist. Lieutenant, Clarence Ellis, P. O. Box 1439, 
2nd Lieutenant, Theodore C. Hurd, Clerk of Courts, 
Sergeant, Samuel F. Draper, 

Wallace J. Tillson, 

Joseph H. Bird, 486 East Eighth St., 
Corporal, Ira B. Fentou, 

Charles W. Hall, 

Luther S. Johnson, 



Boston, Mass. 
Cambridge, " 
Fayville, " 

Chicago, 111. 

New York City. 

Framingham, Mass. 



Lynn, 



Musician, Frank H. Hunt, 



South Framingham, 



558 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



Lynn, Mass. 
Address unknown. 

Framingham, Mass. 

South Framingham, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



Private, Babb, Charles N., 
Bird, Frank D., 
Brown, Edgar, 
Cloyes, Joseph C, 
Childs, Ge§rge H., 
Cutting, Daniel, 
Clark, Charles A., 
Uelaney, Roger, 

Dalton, Joseph G., 6 Boylston Place, 
Eaton, John H., 
Goodnow, Alfred C, 
Haynes, George H., 
Hagar, George F., 
Holt, Samuel M., 
Holtham, Joseph, 365 Bridge St., 
Jones, Theodore A. 
Johnson, Sydney C, 632 Tremont St 
Johnson, Edwin W., 
Johnson, Welcome J., 
Johnson, Edmund B., 
Ladd, Charles H., 
McGrath, William 
McKnight, Edward, 
McDonald, Edward, 
Moore, Charles H., 
Morse, Lewellyn, 
Newton, Nathan G., 
Nixon, Marcellus, 
Rhoads, Anson A., 
Spaulding, Charles C, 
Scott, William L., 
Temple, William E., 
Thomson, Leroy B., 
Vose, Abner S., 
Valentine, Walter, 
Walkup, Joel M., 
Whitney, Lorenzo P., 90 Pearl St. 
Winch, Henry F., 
Winch, Edwin A., 

Company G. 

2nd Lieutenant, Benjamin Holt Ticknor, Houghton, Mifflin Co., Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 
Address unknown. 
Walt ham, Mass. 
New York City. 
Waltham, Mass. 



Boston, Mass. 
South Sudbury, " 
Address unknown. 
West Newton, Mass. 
Nobscot, " 
Address unknown. 
Lowell, Mass. 
Maynard, " 
Boston, " 
Nahant, " 



Springfield, " 
South Framingham, " 
Weslboro, " 
Address unknown. 
Nobscot, Mass. 
Address unknown. 
Manchester, N. H. 
Framingham, Mass. 
Saxonville, " 
Wilton. N. H. 
Address unknown. 
Framingham, Mass. 
Portland, Oregon. 
Framingham, Mass. 

Northboro, " 
Address unknown. 
Boston, Mass. 
Saxonville, " 
Framingham, " 



Sergeant, Richard C. Chace, 

Ephraim Stearns, 
Corporal, Amos A. Brewster, 44.5 Broadway, 

Thomas F. Smith, 

Nathan Warren, 

S. Ward Jaques, 29 Washington St., 
Private, Burnes, Daniel W. 

Brown, William F., P. O. Box 602, 

Brett, William S., 

Bryant, Ellis W., 

Crocker, Charles A.. 

Foss, Henry, 



Boston, " 
Milford, N. H. 
Foxboro, Mass. 
Brockton, " 
Address unknown. 



NAMES AND ADDRESSES 



559 



Private, Gibbs, Andrew C, 

Hunnemau, Joseph H., Jr., 83 Vane St , 

Kendall, John W., 

Kemp, George D., 128 Elmo St., 

Litchfield, Alfred B., 

Litchfield, Edwin M., 28 Warren Street, 

Mayhew, John R., 

Morse, Edmund B., 

Morse, Lewellyn, 

Magoune, Robert S., 

Page, C. Robinson, 



Brockton, Mass. 

Revere, " 

It (< 

Dorchester, Mass. 

Norwell, " 

Roxbury, " 

Lewiston, Me. 

Lynn, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Brockton, Mass. 



cor. Poplar and Cornell Sts., Roslin- 
dale, Mass 
Pratt, Seth W., with Nathan C Pratt, 
Pratt, Nathan C, 
Packard, Moses A. 

Stackjjole, Frederick W., 803 Sliawmut Ave 
Storer, Robert W., 476 Boylston St., 
Soule, Lewis M., 

Stevens, John, 1078 Boylston St., 
Shaw, J. Warren, 
Taylor, Frank H., 
Tully, Herbert J., 
Tolman, John F., 

Tribou, Charles E., 21 Shepard St., 
Vose, William H., 
Winslow, Albert, 
White, Joseph H., 166 Devonshire St., 



Quincy, 

Brockton, " 
Roxbury, " 
Boston, Mass. 
Quincy, " 
Boston, " 
Avon, " 
Address unknown. 
Hingham, Mass. 
Mount Blue, " 
Brockton, " 
Lynn, " 
Address unknown. 
Boston, Mass. 



Company H. 

1st Lieutenant, Alfred Winsor, Jr., 1016 Board of Trade, Boston, Mass. 
Sergeant, Alexander Barney, Newport, R. I. 

Alfred H. Kinsley, South Terminal Station, Boston, Mass. 



Gideon F. Swain, 
Corporal, Robert Calder, Jr., 

Allan McNabb, 
Musician, William F. Chadwick, 15 Mt. Vernon St., 
Private, Arnold, Lyndon C., 

Athearn, Eliashib A., 

Bacon, Allen, 

Brown, Henry, 

Connor, Hugh Burke, 

Crocker, Charles W., 

Crocker, Samuel F., 

Cushman, Oliver, 

Fox, James, 

Francis, Joseph W., 19 Fourth St., 

Fuller, Ansell E., 

Folger, Daniel W., 

Gibbs, Stephen S., 

Harper, James, Jr., 

Harvey, George, 

Hewett, Horace, 

Hudson, James B., Box 286, 

Hopkins, Freeman D., 



Brockton, 

Hanson, " 

Address unknown. 

Roxbury, Mass. 

St. Johnsbury, Vt. 

West Tisbury, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Milford, N. H. 
Nantucket, Mass. 

Brockton, " 

Address unknown. 

Chelsea, Mass, 

West Barnstable, " 

Address unknown. 

Middleboro, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



Greenport, N. Y. 
Address unknown. 



560 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



Private, Hussey, Albert M., 291 Broad St., 
Johnson, Abraham H., 
Lamb, John M., 
Lewis, Simeon L., 

Mansfield. Alexander, 2303 State St., 
McLeran, James R., 
Mitchell, Joseph A., 
Nickerson, Lucas A., 
Pike, Charles S., 297 West Houston St., 
Place, Jonas M., 105 Chestnut Ave., 
Ray, Charles P., 
Rand, John W., 
Reynolds, Charles, 
Stearns, George, 
Sylvester, George H., 
Symmes, John H., 
Turner, Francis P. 
Waldron, Joseph B., 



Providence, R I. 

Address unknown. 

Nantucket, Mass. 

a it 

Chicago, 111. 
Address unknown. 



New York City. 
Everett, Mass. 
Nantucket, '' 

Address unknown. 

Nantucket, Mass. 

Rye Gate, Vt. 

Address unknown. 

Melrose, Mass. 



Company I. 

Sergeant, Renssellaer A. Knight, 
Corporal, Aaron A. Bennett, 67 Plain St., 

James A. Harden, 

Warren K. Southwick, 

Emanuel Hollander, 

Theodore L. Kelley, 5 Corwin St., 

David Fales, 
Musician, Edmund F. Partridge, 

Francis G. Pond, 
Private, Baker, Levi A., 

Bailey, Henry J., 90 School St,, 

Bennett, David S., 

Blake, William L., 

Blanchard, J. Henry, 63 Wheatland 

Brigham, Frederick G., 

Butters, Edward F., 

Bender, George W., 

Coyne, James B., 

Cunningham, John, 

Campbell, John G., 

Dorring, James, 

Frost, Reuben, 

French, Thomas, 

Poss, George A., 

Furguson, John, 

Fisher, Daniel W., Box 495, 

Glover, John, 358 Columbus Ave., 

Goss, Ai'thur L., 

Healey, Thomas, 21 Kent St., 

Hartlage, Christian, 

Harris, John 

Hemenway, Frank W. 

Hewes, William, 

Johanson, Peter, 9 Spring Park Ave. 



Arlington, Mass. 

Providence, R. I. 

Arlington, Mass. 

Address unknown. 
(( (( 

Dorchester, Mass. 
Chicago, 111. 
Franklin, Mass, 
Natick, " 
East Bridgewater, " 
Milford, " 
Wrentham, " 
Address unknown. 
Ave , Dorchester, Mass. 
Address unknown. 
Franklin, Mass. 
Address unknown. 



Arlington, Mass. 
Address unknown. 



Franklin, Mass 

Boston, Mass. 

Rye, N. H. 

Roxbury, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Wrentham, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Jamaica Plain, Mass. 



NAMES AND ADDRESSES 



561 



Private, Kain, John, 

Linnell, Isaiah, 

Lord, Dr. Joseph B., 2700 Creston Ave 

McEwen, Robert, 

Mathew, Caleb T., 

Mason, Edwin A , 

Melcher, Joseph K., 

Miles, Edward, 

Myars, John, 

Nevins, Peter, 

Proctor, Benjamin, 35 St. John St , 

Querbach, Eberhardt, 

Reed, Edward F., Old South Building, 

Rich, Thomas P., Jr., 

Rockwood, Benjamin H., 

Schwarter, John, 

Sullivan, Dennis P., 

Shaughn^ssy, John, 

Stearns. George A., 

Westie, Charles, 

Whitney, Myron W., 



Address unknown. 

Hyannis, Mass. 

, New York City. 

Address unknown. 

Grantham, N. H. 

Franklin, Mass. 

Butte City, Montana. 

Address unknown. 

U it 

Stockton, Cal. 

Jamaica Plain, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

Boston, Mass. 

Florence, Italy. 

Westboro, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



Arlington, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

South Sandwich, Mass. 



Company K. 

2nd Lieutenant, John H. Robinson, Newton, Mass. 

Sergeant, William M. Goodridge, Highland Park, 111. 

Corporal, Theodore S. Thompson, Hotel Beaconsfieid, Brookline, Mass. 



William B. Leatherbee, 70 Kilby St., 
Private, Ames, Jason F., 
Abbott, James, 
Bates, Abner N , 
Bailey, HoUis H , 

Blackwell, Elbridge G., 127 School St., 
Briit, Thomas, 
Bridges, Oren, 
Cousin, James F , 

Clarke, Alsen E., 127 West Harrison St., 
Cosgrove, Henry, 
Corboy, James, 

Dolan, Eugene, care Wakefield Rattan Co 
Dailey, John. 
Devine, James, 
Ellis, George A. C , 
Eldred, Jordan W., 
Fitzgerald, George, 
Freeman, F'ranklin, 
Foster, Albert J., 182 Lincoln St , 
Gipson, Edward H., 
Hayes, John E., 25 Adams St., 
Holmes, Thomas F , 
Hoffman, Edward, 1365 Tenth St., 
Harris, Edward, 2d., 
Kelley, John F., 

Kimball, Reuben, Jr., Ohio Building, 
Lanckton, Charles W., 



Boston, 
Address unknown. 



Roslindale, Mass. 

Roxbury, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



Chicago, 111. 

Nantasket, Mass. 

Address unknown. 

, Chicago, 111. 

Address unknown. 



Boston, Mass. 
Address unknown. 
Charlestown, Mass. 
Watertown, " 

Denver, Col. 
Address unknown. 

Toledo, Ohio. 
Address unknown. 



5(J2 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. 



Private, Longley, Edwin P., 3 Front St., 
Myers, Charles A. M., 
McDonald, Thomas, 
Moore, Daniel, 
Oliver, Joseph, 
Purcell, Leonard, 
Percy. George, 
Reed, William J., 
Ricker, Rev. George E., 
Stone, Frank F., 

Strong, George P., 262 Highland Ave. 
Sweeney, James M., 
Serous, Frank, 
Sullivan, Michael, 
Sherman, James, 
Worthley, Alfred W., 
Wrightington, William R., 88 John St 



North Cambridge, Mass. 

Pittsburg, Penn. 

Address unknown. 



Washington, D C 

San Francisco, Cal. 

Somerville, Mass. 

Address unknown. 



Hyde Park, Mass. 
New York City. 



GADET WALTZ 



B. A. BURDITT. 





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